Research Article

A panoramic view of ‘the New Woman’ in Victorian literature

Number: Ö11 July 21, 2022
  • Neslihan Günaydın Albay *
TR EN

A panoramic view of ‘the New Woman’ in Victorian literature

Abstract

The great social and cultural changes in the Victorian period had a great impact on gender roles. In both public and private sphere, the divisions in gender roles started to disappear with the emergence of a type of woman willing to be active in every area of life. Along with more frequent appearance and growing numbers of women in the work force through the late nineteenth century Elaine Showalter’s notion of “sexual anarchy” and its different forms were invigorated. How the social status of women started to change along with industrialization by the end of the nineteenth-century was also reflected upon Victorian literature. For instance, in Mrs Warren’s Profession the protagonist Vivie represents the new woman type who is ambitious to get education and to participate in work life as a self-sufficient woman in Victorian drama. When compared with the traditional woman type, she is more free-minded, independent and career-oriented. In D. H. Lawrence’ The Rainbow, Ursula, is another significant prototype for the ‘new woman’, who struggles for more freedom and independence. She is well-educated and it is very difficult for her to come to terms with her pregnancy as she cannot accept the fact that one part of hers belongs to a man. She is unconventional and rebellious. She counters domesticity. In The Story of An African Farm by Olive Schreiner the protagonist Lyndall’s life story on an ostrich farm depicts the limited choices and living conditions of a woman constrained by the rigid conventions of Boer lifestyle. Her main goal in life is to pursue after her own choices. In The Type-Writer Girl by Grant Allen, Juliet Appleton stands out with some infamous characteristics of her identity as a New Woman, such as smoking cigarettes, attending college, travelling on her bicycle, and wearing rational clothing. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that working women had an unstable position at the end of the nineteenth century, based on all these trappings of the New Woman, and the intersection of gender with the discourses of class, evolution and technology through a feminist perspective. Social pressure and prejudices restrict the opportunities of the new woman to go beyond her capacity and reach real freedom and happiness. Therefore, the society mostly puts barriers in front of her ideals and her dreams. Through a feminist lens, this study reveals the fact that the new woman expects to live in a more democratic society where she is honoured with equal rights and opportunities with men. She rejects being completely dependent upon men finally, instead she adopts the idea of self-help to gain the respect she deserves as a self-sufficient woman.

Keywords

References

  1. Allen, Grant. The Type-Writer Girl. Ed. Clarissa J. Suranyi. Toronto: Broadview Reprint Edition, 2004.
  2. ____, The Woman Who Did. London: Robert Bros., 1895.
  3. Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. 1949. Trans. H. M. Parshley. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1972.
  4. Hooks, B. (2016). Feminism is For All: Passionate Politics. Istanbul: bgst.
  5. Iannone, A. P. Dictionary of World Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge, 2001.
  6. Işıklı, Ş. “Domination of Women or Male Manners”. Journal of Academic Perspective. 43: 2014, 1-24.
  7. Larson, Jil. “Sexual Ethics in Fiction by Thomas Hardy and the New Woman Writers.” Rereading Victorian Fiction. Ed. Alice Jenkins and Juliet John. London: Macmillan, 2000. 159-72.
  8. Lawrence, D. H. (1915). The Rainbow. New York: Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, 1937.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Linguistics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Neslihan Günaydın Albay * This is me
0000-0003-1933-0125
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 21, 2022

Submission Date

June 16, 2022

Acceptance Date

July 20, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Number: Ö11

APA
Günaydın Albay, N. (2022). A panoramic view of ‘the New Woman’ in Victorian literature. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, Ö11, 548-558. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146713