Research Article

Howards End: Capitalism “What big mouth you have …”

Number: 24 September 21, 2021
  • Dilek Tüfekçi Can *
TR EN

Howards End: Capitalism “What big mouth you have …”

Abstract

Howards End (1910), a novel by E. M. Forster, revolves around three families, namely the rich capitalists Wilcoxes, the half-German intellectual Schlegels and the impoverished couples the Bast from lower class, in the Edwardian society in England at the very turn of the 20th century. The novel, which is commonly considered to be the masterpiece of Forster, undoubtedly depicts the inevitable effects of capitalism on the identities of characters with a focus on modernity in the Edwardian culture where the earlier certainties of the Victorian period are continually questioned. Thus, this paper attempts to unveil identities of characters who are in the grip of capitalism by decoding their insights, particularly on two modes of capitalism: private ownership and capital accumulation through the lenses of Marxism. Forster, by juxtaposing the characters from three different classes in the society, namely the capitalist upper-middle class, the intellectual upper-middle class and the working class, thought-provokingly presents the impacts of capitalism on the identities of the characters from a wide variety of perspectives. As a liberal author, Forster reveals the inevitable cultural change in the Edwardian society due to the destructive effects of both modernity and capitalism in Howards End. In this paper, it is concluded that the perspectives of the characters in the novel about capitalism, particularly in regard to capital accumulation and private ownership, vary from each other due to the different classes they belong to. Moreover, it is also concluded that the working-class are the ones who are exploited by the upper classes, including the intellectuals in the capitalist system.

Keywords

References

  1. Berman, M. (1983). All that is solid melts into air: The experience of modernity. London: Verso.
  2. Childs, P. (2017). Modernism. (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
  3. Duplessis, N. M. (2008). Literacy and its discontents: Modernist anxiety and the literacy fiction of Virginia Woolf, E. M. Forster, D. H. Lawrence and Aldous Huxley. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). A & M University, Texas.
  4. Eccleshall, R. (1986). British liberalism: Liberal thought from the 1640s to 1980s. Harlow, Essex: Longman.
  5. Firchow, P. E. (1981). Germany and Germanic mythology in Howards End. Comparative Literature, 33(1), 50-68.
  6. Forster, E. M. (1910). Howards End. USA: Dover Thrift Editions (2002).
  7. Gordon, M. (2004). “Things that can’t be phrased”: Forster and Howards End, Salmagundi, 143, 89-103.
  8. Habermas, J. (2001). “The discipline of aesthetics” in Leitch, V. B., (Ed.). (2001). The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. USA: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Linguistics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Dilek Tüfekçi Can * This is me
0000-0001-8067-6032
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 21, 2021

Submission Date

June 23, 2021

Acceptance Date

September 20, 2021

Published in Issue

Year 2021 Number: 24

APA
Tüfekçi Can, D. (2021). Howards End: Capitalism “What big mouth you have …”. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 24, 1081-1095. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.990751