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Çeviri, yemek ve kültür ilişkisi: Altyazı çevirisinde kültüre özgü mutfak terimlerinin aktarımı

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 610 - 626, 21.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.706418

Abstract

Yemek kavramı, sosyoloji ve antropoloji gibi sosyal bilim alanlarında çok daha uzun zamandır özel bir inceleme konusu olarak kendini göstermiş olsa da çeviribilim alanında bu konuya olan ilginin daha yakın bir tarihte ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu makalede, 2009 yılında Walt Disney tarafından “The Princess and the Frog” başlığıyla izleyiciye sunulan ve Türkçeye “Prenses ve Kurbağa” başlığıyla çevrilen filmin iki Türkçe altyazısı kültüre özgü mutfak terimlerinin çevirisine odaklanarak incelenmektedir. Ayrıca sevgi sözü olarak kullanılan yemek isimlerinin çevirisi ve içinde yemek isimleri geçen deyimlerin ve kalıp ifadelerin çevirisi de incelemeye alınmıştır. Yemek ve çeviri konusunda bir inceleme yapmak için bu filmin seçilmesinin nedeni, yemeğin filmdeki ana aktörlerden biri olmasıdır. Olay örgüsü New Orleans’ta geçen film, karakterleri ve kültürü anlatmak için Louisiana mutfağına özgü birçok yemekten yararlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Türk mutfağından oldukça farklı bir yapısı olan Louisiana mutfağına özgü mutfak terimlerinin, altyazı çevirisi gibi çok önemli teknik kısıtlamalar barındıran bir alanda nasıl aktarılacağı sorusu önem kazanır. İncelemede filmin çeviri açısından düşündürücü örnekler ortaya koyduğu görülmüştür. Ele alınan her iki çeviride de çevirmenlerin birden fazla çeviri yöntemini bir arada kullandığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu çevirilerde başvurulan yöntemler arasında ödünç alma, üst terim kullanarak genelleme yoluyla aktarma, açımlama, başka bir yemek ismiyle değiştirme ve atlama özellikle öne çıkmaktadır.

References

  • Barnes, B. (2009). Her Prince Has Come. Critics, Too. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/31/fashion/31disney.html, (Erişim tarihi 15 Aralık 2019).
  • Barthes, R. (1961). Pour une psycho-sociologie de l'alimentation contemporaine. Annales 16 (5), 977-986.
  • Beyaz, E. (2017). Representing Turkish Food History and Food Culture Through Translation: A Case of Turkish Confectionery. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İngilizce Mütercim-Tercümanlık Yüksek Lisans Programı.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1979). La Distinction: Critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Editions de Minuit.
  • Chiaro, D. (2008). A taste of otherness eating and thinking globally. European Journal of English Studies, 12 (2), 195-209.
  • Chiaro, D. & Rossato, L. (2015). Food and Translation, Translation and Food. The Translator, 21 (3), 237-243.
  • Ciribuco, A. (2019). How do you say kélén-kélén in Italian? Migration, landscape and untranslatable food. Translation Studies, DOI: 10.1080/14781700.2019.1662837
  • Counihan, C. & Van Esterik, P. (2013). Why Food? Why Culture? Why Now? Introduction to the Third Edition. C. Counihan & P. Van Esterik (Der.) Food and Culture, A Reader içinde (ss.1-15). New York: Routledge.
  • Cronin, M. (2015). The moveable feast: translation, ecology and food. The Translator, 21 (3), 244-256.
  • Cronin, M. (2017). Eco-Translation. Translation and Ecology in the Age of the Anthropocene. London: Routledge.
  • De Marco, A. (2015). Are green-lipped mussels really green? Touring New Zealand food in translation. The Translator, 21 (3), 310-326.
  • Díaz Cintas, J. (2010). Subtitling. Y. Gambier ve L. van Doorslaer (Der.), Handbook of Translation Studies 1 içinde (ss. 344–349). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018). Gumbo. https://www.britannica.com/topic/gumbo, (Erişim tarihi 15 Aralık 2019).
  • Garzone, G. (2017). Food, culture, language and translation. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 12 (3), 214-221
  • González-Vera, P. (2015). Food for Thought. The Translation of Culinary References in Animation. Íkala, the Journal of Language and Culture, 20 (2), 247-264.
  • Levi-Strauss, C. (1966). Le Triangle culinaire. L’Arc 26: 19-29.
  • Okyayuz, A. Ş. & Kaya, M. (2016). Altyazı Çevirisi Eğitimi İçin Bir Model Önerisi. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 4 (2), 257-275.
  • Oster, U. & Molés-Cases, T. (2016). Eating and Drinking Seen Through Translation: A Study of Food-Related Translation Difficulties and Techniques in a Parallel Corpus of Literary Texts. Across Languages and Cultures 17 (1): 53–75.
  • Parasecoli, F. (2010). A Taste of Louisiana: Mainstreaming Blackness Through Food in The Princess and the Frog. Journal of African American Studies, 14: 450–468.
  • Rossato, L. (2015). Le grand culinary tour: adaptation and retranslation of a gastronomic journey across languages and food cultures. The Translator, 21 (3), 271-295.
  • Stano, S. 2016. Lost in translation: Food, identity and otherness. Semiotica 211: 81–104.
  • Üner, M. (2019). Klasikten Postmoderne Bir Masalın Müthiş Serüveni: Kurbağa prens, Kurbağa Prenses, Prenses ve Kurbağa. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, TÜBAR 45: 209-225.
  • Venuti, L. (1998). Strategies of Translation. M. Baker & K. Malmkjær (Der.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies içinde (ss. 240-244). London: Routledge.
  • Vidal Claramonte, M. Á. ve Faber, P. (2017). Translation and food: the case of mestizo writers. Journal of Multilingual Discourses, 12 (3), 189-204.

Translation, food and culture: the transfer of culture-specific culinary terms in subtitles

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 610 - 626, 21.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.706418

Abstract

Although the concept of food has been studied for a long time in social sciences such as sociology and anthropology, the interest in this concept is relatively new in Translation Studies. This article examines two different Turkish subtitles of the Walt Disney movie “The Princess and the Frog” released in 2009 and translated into Turkish as “Prenses ve Kurbağa”, with special attention to the translation of culture-specific culinary terms. The analysis also covers the translation of food items used to express affection, together with those used in idioms and fixed expressions. The movie was chosen for this analysis because it foregrounds food as one of the main characters. The plot is set in New Orleans, and recipes from Louisiana cuisine play a significant role in the description of the characters and the culture. Considering the differences between Louisiana and Turkish cuisines, and keeping in mind the technical restrictions of subtitling, it remains to question how culinary terms specific to Louisiana cuisine can be transferred in Turkish subtitles. The analysis shows that the movie provides thought provoking examples regarding the translation of food related terms. It was observed that translators of both subtitles resorted to a variety of methods in dealing with the transfer of culinary terms. Among these methods, borrowing, generalization by use of a hypernym, paraphrase, substitution with a different food item and omission were the most visible ones.

References

  • Barnes, B. (2009). Her Prince Has Come. Critics, Too. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/31/fashion/31disney.html, (Erişim tarihi 15 Aralık 2019).
  • Barthes, R. (1961). Pour une psycho-sociologie de l'alimentation contemporaine. Annales 16 (5), 977-986.
  • Beyaz, E. (2017). Representing Turkish Food History and Food Culture Through Translation: A Case of Turkish Confectionery. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İngilizce Mütercim-Tercümanlık Yüksek Lisans Programı.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1979). La Distinction: Critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Editions de Minuit.
  • Chiaro, D. (2008). A taste of otherness eating and thinking globally. European Journal of English Studies, 12 (2), 195-209.
  • Chiaro, D. & Rossato, L. (2015). Food and Translation, Translation and Food. The Translator, 21 (3), 237-243.
  • Ciribuco, A. (2019). How do you say kélén-kélén in Italian? Migration, landscape and untranslatable food. Translation Studies, DOI: 10.1080/14781700.2019.1662837
  • Counihan, C. & Van Esterik, P. (2013). Why Food? Why Culture? Why Now? Introduction to the Third Edition. C. Counihan & P. Van Esterik (Der.) Food and Culture, A Reader içinde (ss.1-15). New York: Routledge.
  • Cronin, M. (2015). The moveable feast: translation, ecology and food. The Translator, 21 (3), 244-256.
  • Cronin, M. (2017). Eco-Translation. Translation and Ecology in the Age of the Anthropocene. London: Routledge.
  • De Marco, A. (2015). Are green-lipped mussels really green? Touring New Zealand food in translation. The Translator, 21 (3), 310-326.
  • Díaz Cintas, J. (2010). Subtitling. Y. Gambier ve L. van Doorslaer (Der.), Handbook of Translation Studies 1 içinde (ss. 344–349). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018). Gumbo. https://www.britannica.com/topic/gumbo, (Erişim tarihi 15 Aralık 2019).
  • Garzone, G. (2017). Food, culture, language and translation. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 12 (3), 214-221
  • González-Vera, P. (2015). Food for Thought. The Translation of Culinary References in Animation. Íkala, the Journal of Language and Culture, 20 (2), 247-264.
  • Levi-Strauss, C. (1966). Le Triangle culinaire. L’Arc 26: 19-29.
  • Okyayuz, A. Ş. & Kaya, M. (2016). Altyazı Çevirisi Eğitimi İçin Bir Model Önerisi. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 4 (2), 257-275.
  • Oster, U. & Molés-Cases, T. (2016). Eating and Drinking Seen Through Translation: A Study of Food-Related Translation Difficulties and Techniques in a Parallel Corpus of Literary Texts. Across Languages and Cultures 17 (1): 53–75.
  • Parasecoli, F. (2010). A Taste of Louisiana: Mainstreaming Blackness Through Food in The Princess and the Frog. Journal of African American Studies, 14: 450–468.
  • Rossato, L. (2015). Le grand culinary tour: adaptation and retranslation of a gastronomic journey across languages and food cultures. The Translator, 21 (3), 271-295.
  • Stano, S. 2016. Lost in translation: Food, identity and otherness. Semiotica 211: 81–104.
  • Üner, M. (2019). Klasikten Postmoderne Bir Masalın Müthiş Serüveni: Kurbağa prens, Kurbağa Prenses, Prenses ve Kurbağa. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, TÜBAR 45: 209-225.
  • Venuti, L. (1998). Strategies of Translation. M. Baker & K. Malmkjær (Der.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies içinde (ss. 240-244). London: Routledge.
  • Vidal Claramonte, M. Á. ve Faber, P. (2017). Translation and food: the case of mestizo writers. Journal of Multilingual Discourses, 12 (3), 189-204.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Linguistics, Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Turkish language, culture and literature
Authors

Şule Demirkol Ertürk This is me 0000-0002-3557-5758

Publication Date March 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Demirkol Ertürk, Ş. (2020). Çeviri, yemek ve kültür ilişkisi: Altyazı çevirisinde kültüre özgü mutfak terimlerinin aktarımı. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(18), 610-626. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.706418

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