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Çeviribilimde “çeviriyaratım”ı (transcreatıon) konumlandırmak

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 688 - 698, 21.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.706483

Abstract

“Çeviriyaratım (Transcreation)” günümüzde çoğunlukla reklam ve ticari metin çevirileri ile edebiyat çevirileri bağlamında kullanılmakta olan bir terimdir. Çeviri kavramından ayrımı çeviri işletmeleri ve akademisyenlerce genellikle yaratıcılık üzerinden yapılmakta ve çeviriyaratım, “daha yaratıcı”, “daha özgür” (!) olarak betimlenirken “çeviri” kavramı kelimesi kelimesine dilsel bir eşdeğerlik güden bir süreç anlamında dar bir tanıma indirgenmektedir. Bu açıdan, çeviriyaratımın her tanımı çeviri algısına yönelik bir önerme içermektedir. Sektörün çeviriyaratımı erek kitlenin beğenilerini, algısını, kültürel farklılıklarını ve ürünün onlar üzerindeki etkisini yeniden yaratma amacı taşıyan bir tür çeviri olarak tanımladığını göz önünde bulundurursak çeviri bunları yapmıyor/yapamıyor olarak mı algılanıyor? Çeviriyaratım yaratıcıysa çeviri yaratıcılıktan uzak mıdır? Çeviriyaratımla ilgili bu noktada iki tehlikeli önerme bulunmaktadır: ilki çeviriyaratımın sadece edebiyat metni çevirileri için kullanmak ve diğer tüm metin türleri için yaratıcılığın gerekmediğini düşünmek ikincisi ise çeviriyaratımı sadece reklam ve ticari metin çevirileri için kullanmak ve edebi metinlerin ve diğer türlerin yaratıcılık içeren bir çeviri sürecinde bozulacağını düşünmek. Çeviriyaratımın yanısıra “yerelleştirme”, “uluslararasılaştırma”, “uyarlama” gibi birçok terimin çeviri teriminden ayrımı ve sınırları konusunda belirsizlikler hakimdir. Ancak çeviriyaratım da yerelleştirme gibi yeni mecralara kapı açan ve aynı zamanda çeviribilimin temel kavramlarında değişikliğe sebep olacak yeni bir ürün ve süreçtir. O halde çevirinin sınırları nedir, çeviriyle çeviriyaratımın farkı nasıl betimlenebilir?

References

  • Bernal-Merino, M.A. (2013). The Localisation of Video Games. London Imperial College: Translation Studies Unit. Doktora Tezi.
  • Bernal-Merino, M.A. (2006). “On the Translation of Videogames”, JoSTrans: The journal of specialized translation, 6, s. 22-36, http://www.jostrans.org/issue06/art_bernal.php.
  • Bernal-Merino, M. A. (2015). Translation and Localization of Video Games. Routledge.
  • Bollettieri Bosinelli R.M. (2010). “Transcreative Joyce”. Scientia Traductionis 8: s. 190-193.
  • Boy, H. (2018). “Oyun Çevirilerinde Benimsenen Yerlileştirme Stratejileri Bağlamında Gulyabani”. S. Taş (ed.) Çeviribilimde Güncel Tartışmalardan Kavramsal Sorgulamalara. İstanbul: Hiperyayın. s. 415-440.
  • Canım Alkan, S. (2013). Web Sitesi Yerelleştirmelerinde Bir Eyleyen Olarak Çevirmenin Konumu: Türkiye Örneği. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çeviribilim Anabilim Dalı.
  • Chesterman, A. (1997). Memes of translation: The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory. John Benjamins Publishing.
  • Cronin, M. (2003). Translation and Globalization. Psychology Press.
  • Di Giovanni, E. (2008). “Translations, Transcreations and Transrepresentations of India in the Italian Media”, Meta: Translators’ Journal, 53, s. 26-43, http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/017972ar.
  • Esselink, B. (2000). A Practical Guide to Localization. Amsterdam. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Gaballo, V. (2012). “Exploring the Boundaries of Transcreation in Specialized Translation”, ESP Across Cultures 9, s.95-113.
  • Gambier, Y. (2009). Competences for professional translators, experts in multilingual http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/programmes/emt/key_documents/emt_competences_translators_en.pdf
  • Gobé, M. (2001). Emotional Branding: The New Pradigm to Connect Brands to People. New York: Allworth Press.
  • Godev, Concepcion B. (2018). Translation, Globalization and Translocation: The Classroom and Beyond.Macmillan Publishing.
  • Hatim, B. & Ian Mason. (1990). Discourse and the Translator. London/New York: Rouledge.
  • Ho, G. (2004). “Translating Advertisment Across Heteregeneous Cultures”. The Translator. 10 (2). s. 221-243.
  • Holz-Mänttäri, J. & S. Tiedeakatemia (1984). Translatorisches Handeln: Theorie und Methode,Suomalainen tiedeakatemia Helsinki.
  • Inghilleri, M. (2003). "Habitus, field and discourse: Interpreting as a socially situated activity." Target 15(2): s. 243-268.
  • Jenkins, H. (2003). “Transmedia storytelling”, MIT Technology Review, January 15, 2003, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401760/transmedia-storytelling
  • Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture. Where old and new media collide. New York, New York University Press.
  • Jenkins, H. (2011). Transmedia 202: Further reflections, available at: http://henryjenkins. org/2011/08/defining_transmedia_further_re.html.
  • Katan, D. (2016). “Translation at the cross-roads: Time for the transcreational turn?” Perspectives, 24, 3, s. 365-381, DOI: 10.1080/0907676X.2015.1016049.
  • Katan, D. (2009). “Translation as Intercultural Communication”, Munday Routledge Companion.
  • Katan, D. (1999/2004). Translating cultures: An introduction for translators, interpreters and mediators, (2nd ed.). Manchester: St. Jerome.
  • Klinberg, G. (1986). Children's Fiction in the Hands of the Translators. Malmo: CWK Gleerup.
  • Malenova, Evgeniya D. (2018). “Creative Practices in Translation of Transmedia Projects”, Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 5 (11) s. 775-786.
  • Malenova, E. D. “Subtitling Practice: From Translation to Transcreation”, Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 4 (2017 10) s. 526-536.
  • Mangiron, C. ve Minako O’Hagan. (2006). “Game localization: unleashing imagination with ‘restricted’ translation”, The Journal of Specialised Translation, Haziran, No: 6, s. 10-21.
  • Mazur, I. (2009). “The Metalangauge of Localisation: Theory and Practise”, Ives Gambier & L.van Doorslaer (ed.). The Metalangauge of Translation. Amsterdam ve Philadelphia: John Benjamins. s. 145-165.
  • Mohapatra, H. S. (2010). “English against Englishing: The case of an early English translation of an Oriya novel”. TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction, 23(1), s. 123-149. http://www.erudit.org/revue/ttr/2010/v23/n1/044931ar.html?vue=resume.
  • Munday J. (ed.) (2009a). The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
  • Munday J. (2009b) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and applications. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
  • Öner, I. “‘Yerelleştirme’nin Tanımı”, Varlık, Haziran 2006, s. 33-35. http://ceviribilim.com/?p=234
  • Öner, I. Kişisel görüşme. 04.12.2019. İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi.
  • Parra, Joan. (1998). “Fonaments de la localització de software”,yüksek lisans tezi. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Yayınlanmamış.
  • Pedersen, D. (2016). “Transcreation in Marketing and Advertising – An Ethnographic Study”. Doktora Tezi. Department of Business Communication, Aarhus University.
  • Pedersen, D. (2014). Exploring the concept of transcreation – transcreation as “more than translation”? In Cultus: the Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication. Transcreation and the Profession, 7, s. 57-71.
  • Pratten, R. (2011). Getting started in transmedia storytelling: a practical guide for beginners, http://videoturundus.ee/transmedia.pdf
  • Pym, A. (2004). “Propositions on Crosscultural Communication and Translation”, Target 16 (1), s. 1-28.
  • Reddy, M. (1979). “The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about Language”. A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. s. 284–310.
  • Rike, S.M. (2013). “Bilingual Corporate Websites-from translation to Transcreation?, The Journal of Specialised Translation (20), s. 68-85.
  • Simeoni, D. (1998). "The pivotal status of the translator's habitus." Target 10(1): s. 1-39.
  • Snell-Hornby, M. (2006). The Turns of Translation Studies. New Paradigms on Sifting Viewpoints? Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • TAUS (2019). Transcreation Best Practices and Guidelines. https://www.taus.net/academy/reports/evaluate-reports/taus-transcreation-best-practices-and-guidelines
  • Toury, G. (2000). “The Nature and Role of the Norms in Translation”, L. Venuti (ed.) The Translation Studies Reader. Londra: Routledge.198- 211.
  • Tymoczko, M. (2007). Enlarging Translation Empowering Translators. Machester: St Jerome Publishing.
  • Vermeer, H. J. (1989). “Skopos and Commission in Translational Action”. Reading in Translation Theory. çev. Andrew Chesterman. Helsinki: Oy Finn Lectura Ob.173-187.
  • Vermeer, H. J. (2008). Çeviride Skopos Kuramı. (çev. Ayşe Handan Konar. yay. haz. Ayşe Nihal Akbulut). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Vieira, E. (1999). Readings of Antropofagia and Haroldo de Campos’ poetics of transcreation, In Post-colonial translation, London, Routledge. 95-113.
  • Yanar Torbalı, Ö. (2019). “Kitle kaynaklı çeviri” [“crowdsourced translation”] ile çeviriye ilişkin kavramların ve rollerin yeniden tanımlanması. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (Ö5), s. 413-424.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2011). Çeviribilimde Metinlerarasılıktan Metinlerötesiliğe: Yapısalcılık Sonrası ve Elektronik Edebiyatla Yenilenen Metin Kavramını Çeviri Kuramları Üzerinden Okumak. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Diller ve Kültürlerarası Çeviribilim Doktora Programı. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Yunker, J. (2010b). The Savy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies: How to Find the Right Agency the First Time, 5. bs., Oregon, Byte Level Books.
  • https://k-international.com/blog/transcreation-examples/

Positioning transcreation in translation studies

Year 2020, Issue: 18, 688 - 698, 21.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.706483

Abstract

“Transcreation” is a term mostly used for advertisement/marketing translations and literary translations. It differs from the concept of translation in terms of creativity by academicians and translation companies. It is described as “more creative”, “freer” than translation and reduced to a process aiming word-by-word linguistic equality. In these terms, each definition of transcreation has a premise about what translation is. The market defines it as a translation which aims to recreate the effect of a product taking into account the preferences, perceptions and cultural differences of target community. So, does it mean that translation does not/cannot do these? If transcreation is creative, is translation far away from creativity? There are two risky premises about transcreation: the first is using transcreation just for literary translations presuming the other text types do not need any sort of creativity, the second is using transcreation just for advertisement and marketing translations presuming all the other text types including literary texts are spoiled by creativity. There are uncertainties about the borders of “localization”, “internationalization” and “adaptation” like transcreation. However, transcreation, like localization, is a product and process which opens new ways and changes on the basic terminology of Translation Studies. So, what are the limits of translation and how can its difference from transcreation be described?

References

  • Bernal-Merino, M.A. (2013). The Localisation of Video Games. London Imperial College: Translation Studies Unit. Doktora Tezi.
  • Bernal-Merino, M.A. (2006). “On the Translation of Videogames”, JoSTrans: The journal of specialized translation, 6, s. 22-36, http://www.jostrans.org/issue06/art_bernal.php.
  • Bernal-Merino, M. A. (2015). Translation and Localization of Video Games. Routledge.
  • Bollettieri Bosinelli R.M. (2010). “Transcreative Joyce”. Scientia Traductionis 8: s. 190-193.
  • Boy, H. (2018). “Oyun Çevirilerinde Benimsenen Yerlileştirme Stratejileri Bağlamında Gulyabani”. S. Taş (ed.) Çeviribilimde Güncel Tartışmalardan Kavramsal Sorgulamalara. İstanbul: Hiperyayın. s. 415-440.
  • Canım Alkan, S. (2013). Web Sitesi Yerelleştirmelerinde Bir Eyleyen Olarak Çevirmenin Konumu: Türkiye Örneği. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çeviribilim Anabilim Dalı.
  • Chesterman, A. (1997). Memes of translation: The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory. John Benjamins Publishing.
  • Cronin, M. (2003). Translation and Globalization. Psychology Press.
  • Di Giovanni, E. (2008). “Translations, Transcreations and Transrepresentations of India in the Italian Media”, Meta: Translators’ Journal, 53, s. 26-43, http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/017972ar.
  • Esselink, B. (2000). A Practical Guide to Localization. Amsterdam. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
  • Gaballo, V. (2012). “Exploring the Boundaries of Transcreation in Specialized Translation”, ESP Across Cultures 9, s.95-113.
  • Gambier, Y. (2009). Competences for professional translators, experts in multilingual http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/programmes/emt/key_documents/emt_competences_translators_en.pdf
  • Gobé, M. (2001). Emotional Branding: The New Pradigm to Connect Brands to People. New York: Allworth Press.
  • Godev, Concepcion B. (2018). Translation, Globalization and Translocation: The Classroom and Beyond.Macmillan Publishing.
  • Hatim, B. & Ian Mason. (1990). Discourse and the Translator. London/New York: Rouledge.
  • Ho, G. (2004). “Translating Advertisment Across Heteregeneous Cultures”. The Translator. 10 (2). s. 221-243.
  • Holz-Mänttäri, J. & S. Tiedeakatemia (1984). Translatorisches Handeln: Theorie und Methode,Suomalainen tiedeakatemia Helsinki.
  • Inghilleri, M. (2003). "Habitus, field and discourse: Interpreting as a socially situated activity." Target 15(2): s. 243-268.
  • Jenkins, H. (2003). “Transmedia storytelling”, MIT Technology Review, January 15, 2003, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/401760/transmedia-storytelling
  • Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture. Where old and new media collide. New York, New York University Press.
  • Jenkins, H. (2011). Transmedia 202: Further reflections, available at: http://henryjenkins. org/2011/08/defining_transmedia_further_re.html.
  • Katan, D. (2016). “Translation at the cross-roads: Time for the transcreational turn?” Perspectives, 24, 3, s. 365-381, DOI: 10.1080/0907676X.2015.1016049.
  • Katan, D. (2009). “Translation as Intercultural Communication”, Munday Routledge Companion.
  • Katan, D. (1999/2004). Translating cultures: An introduction for translators, interpreters and mediators, (2nd ed.). Manchester: St. Jerome.
  • Klinberg, G. (1986). Children's Fiction in the Hands of the Translators. Malmo: CWK Gleerup.
  • Malenova, Evgeniya D. (2018). “Creative Practices in Translation of Transmedia Projects”, Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 5 (11) s. 775-786.
  • Malenova, E. D. “Subtitling Practice: From Translation to Transcreation”, Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 4 (2017 10) s. 526-536.
  • Mangiron, C. ve Minako O’Hagan. (2006). “Game localization: unleashing imagination with ‘restricted’ translation”, The Journal of Specialised Translation, Haziran, No: 6, s. 10-21.
  • Mazur, I. (2009). “The Metalangauge of Localisation: Theory and Practise”, Ives Gambier & L.van Doorslaer (ed.). The Metalangauge of Translation. Amsterdam ve Philadelphia: John Benjamins. s. 145-165.
  • Mohapatra, H. S. (2010). “English against Englishing: The case of an early English translation of an Oriya novel”. TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction, 23(1), s. 123-149. http://www.erudit.org/revue/ttr/2010/v23/n1/044931ar.html?vue=resume.
  • Munday J. (ed.) (2009a). The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
  • Munday J. (2009b) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and applications. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.
  • Öner, I. “‘Yerelleştirme’nin Tanımı”, Varlık, Haziran 2006, s. 33-35. http://ceviribilim.com/?p=234
  • Öner, I. Kişisel görüşme. 04.12.2019. İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi.
  • Parra, Joan. (1998). “Fonaments de la localització de software”,yüksek lisans tezi. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Yayınlanmamış.
  • Pedersen, D. (2016). “Transcreation in Marketing and Advertising – An Ethnographic Study”. Doktora Tezi. Department of Business Communication, Aarhus University.
  • Pedersen, D. (2014). Exploring the concept of transcreation – transcreation as “more than translation”? In Cultus: the Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication. Transcreation and the Profession, 7, s. 57-71.
  • Pratten, R. (2011). Getting started in transmedia storytelling: a practical guide for beginners, http://videoturundus.ee/transmedia.pdf
  • Pym, A. (2004). “Propositions on Crosscultural Communication and Translation”, Target 16 (1), s. 1-28.
  • Reddy, M. (1979). “The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about Language”. A. Ortony (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. s. 284–310.
  • Rike, S.M. (2013). “Bilingual Corporate Websites-from translation to Transcreation?, The Journal of Specialised Translation (20), s. 68-85.
  • Simeoni, D. (1998). "The pivotal status of the translator's habitus." Target 10(1): s. 1-39.
  • Snell-Hornby, M. (2006). The Turns of Translation Studies. New Paradigms on Sifting Viewpoints? Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • TAUS (2019). Transcreation Best Practices and Guidelines. https://www.taus.net/academy/reports/evaluate-reports/taus-transcreation-best-practices-and-guidelines
  • Toury, G. (2000). “The Nature and Role of the Norms in Translation”, L. Venuti (ed.) The Translation Studies Reader. Londra: Routledge.198- 211.
  • Tymoczko, M. (2007). Enlarging Translation Empowering Translators. Machester: St Jerome Publishing.
  • Vermeer, H. J. (1989). “Skopos and Commission in Translational Action”. Reading in Translation Theory. çev. Andrew Chesterman. Helsinki: Oy Finn Lectura Ob.173-187.
  • Vermeer, H. J. (2008). Çeviride Skopos Kuramı. (çev. Ayşe Handan Konar. yay. haz. Ayşe Nihal Akbulut). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Vieira, E. (1999). Readings of Antropofagia and Haroldo de Campos’ poetics of transcreation, In Post-colonial translation, London, Routledge. 95-113.
  • Yanar Torbalı, Ö. (2019). “Kitle kaynaklı çeviri” [“crowdsourced translation”] ile çeviriye ilişkin kavramların ve rollerin yeniden tanımlanması. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (Ö5), s. 413-424.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2011). Çeviribilimde Metinlerarasılıktan Metinlerötesiliğe: Yapısalcılık Sonrası ve Elektronik Edebiyatla Yenilenen Metin Kavramını Çeviri Kuramları Üzerinden Okumak. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Diller ve Kültürlerarası Çeviribilim Doktora Programı. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • Yunker, J. (2010b). The Savy Client’s Guide to Translation Agencies: How to Find the Right Agency the First Time, 5. bs., Oregon, Byte Level Books.
  • https://k-international.com/blog/transcreation-examples/
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Linguistics, Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Turkish language, culture and literature
Authors

Sevcan Yılmaz Kutlay This is me 0000-0002-7841-3513

Publication Date March 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Yılmaz Kutlay, S. (2020). Çeviribilimde “çeviriyaratım”ı (transcreatıon) konumlandırmak. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(18), 688-698. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.706483