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Toni Morrison’un Sula (1973) romanındaki folklorik unsurların Türkçeye aktarımı

Year 2020, Issue: Ö8, 979 - 999, 21.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.824580

Abstract

Türkiye’de geniş bir okur kitlesine sahip ve kitaplarının çoğu Türkçeye kazandırılmış Afro-Amerikalı yazar Toni Morrison’un romanları, ABD’de Afrika kökenli Amerikalıların dünyasına odaklanmakta olup Afrika kültürü ile bu ata kültürüne ait sözlü geleneğe ilişkin unsurları barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yazarın ikinci romanı olan Sula (1973)’da Afro-Amerikan kültüründeki sözlü geleneği çağrıştıran folklorik unsurların Türkçeye aktarılma biçimlerinin, Molefi K. Asante’nin ortaya koyduğu Afro-merkezci yaklaşım (Afrocentricity) çerçevesinde betimlenerek çevirmenin rolüne ilişkin saptamalarda bulunmaktır. Çalışmaya konu olan romanın Türkçeye ilk çevirisi Türkçeye birçok önemli yapıt kazandıran deneyimli çevirmen Ülker İnce’nin kaleminden çıkmış olup, 1994’te Can Yayınları’nca yayımlanmıştır. Romanın İnce tarafından yapılan yeniden çevirisi ise 2017’de Sel Yayıncılık tarafından yayımlanmıştır. Söz konusu folklorik unsurlara ilişkin kaynak metinden yapılan alıntılar ve bu alıntıların iki erek metinde bulduğu karşılıklar, çevirmenin varlığı/görünürlüğü/sesi (The translator’s presence/visibility/voice) bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmada kuramsal yaklaşım olarak, Lawrence Venuti’nin The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation (1995) (Çevirmenin Görünmezliği: Çeviri Tarihi) adlı kitabında gündeme getirdiği “çevirmenin görünürlüğü/görünmezliği” (the translator’s (in)visibility) sorunsalından ve Theo Hermans’ın The Translator’s Voice in Translated Narrative (1996) (Çeviri Anlatıda Çevirmenin Sesi) adlı makalesinde tartışmaya açtığı “çevirmenin sesi” olgusundan yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma, çevirmenin Afro-merkezci bir yaklaşımla, kaynak ve erek metinlerdeki dilsel ve kültürel unsurları harmanlayıp, Türk okurları yabancı oldukları Afro-Amerikan kültürüne özgü unsurlarla tanıştırmış olduğunu gözler önüne sermeye çalışmaktadır.

References

  • Amin, S. (1989) Eurocentrism: Critique of an Ideology. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Asante, M.K. (1980) Afrocentricity and Culture. In African Culture: The Rhythms of
  • Unity. M. Asante and K.W. Asante, eds. Pp. 3-12. Trenton: Africa World Press.
  • Asante, M. K. (1980). Afrocentricity: The theory of social change. Buffalo, NY: Amulefi.
  • Asante, M. K. (1987). The Afrocentric idea. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Asante, M. K. (1988),(1989). Afrocentricity. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
  • Asante, M. K. (1990). Kemet, Afrocentricity and knowledge. Trenton, NJ: Africa WorldPress.
  • Asante, M. (1991). The Afrocentric idea in education. Journal of Negro Education, 60, 170-179.
  • Beaulieu, E. A. (2003). The Toni Morrison encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  • Bell, B. W. (1989). The Afro-American novel and its tradition. Amherst: The Univ. of Mass. Press.
  • Billingslea-Brown, A. J. (1999). Crossing borders through folklore African American women's fiction and art. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. Campbell, J. (1986). Mythic Black Fiction: The Transformation of History. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986.
  • Demirtürk, E. L. (1997). Çağdaş Amerikali Zenci Romancılar. Ankara: Gündoğan.
  • Garabedian, D. M (1998) Toni Morrison and the language of music, CLA Journal , Vol. 41, No. 3 s. 303-318
  • Gürçağlar, Ş T. (2014). Çevirinin ABC'si. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Harris, T. (1991). Fiction and folklore: The novels of Toni Morrison. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
  • Hermans, T. (1985), (2015). The manipulation of literature: Studies in literary translation. London: Routledge.
  • Hermans, T. (1997). Çeviri Anlatıda Çevirmenin Sesi (A. Bulut, Çev.). Kuram, (15), 63-68.
  • Holmes, James S 1988 (11975). "The Name and Nature of Translation Studies". In:
  • James S Holmes 1988. Translated!: Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi, s. 66-80.
  • İnce, Ü, & Dizdar, D. (2017). Çeviri atölyesi: Çeviride tuzaklar. İstanbul: Can Sanat.
  • İnce, Ü. (2009) Çeviri Bilinci: Çevirenler-Çeviremeyenler-Çeviriverenler. İstanbul: Tekin Yayınları.
  • Jennings, L. V. (2008). Toni Morrison and the idea of Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Karadağ, A. B. (2003). Edebiyat ve Kültür Dizgesini Şekillendirmede ‘İdeolojik’ Açıdan Çevirinin ve Çevirmenin Rolü. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Karenga, M. (1986) Introduction to Black Studies. Los Angeles: University of Sankore Press.
  • Karenga, M. (1988). Black Studies and the Problematic of Paradigm: The Philosophical Dimension. Journal of Black Studies,18(4), 395-414. Retrieved September 13, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2784370.
  • Keto, T. (1980). The Africa Centered Perspective of History and Social Sciences in the Twenty-First Century. New Jersey: K. A. Public.
  • Lewis, V. (1987). African Tradition in Toni Morrison's Sula. Phylon (1960-), 48(1), 91-97. doi:10.2307/275004.
  • Martin, K. L. (2013). Conjuring moments in African American literature: Women, spirit work and other such hoodoo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Messing, J. (2014, January 20). Sula by Toni Morrison – An African American Analysis. Retrieved September 13, 2020, from https://journalwomenwriters.wordpress.com/2014/01/20/sula-by-toni-morrison-an-african-american-analysis/.
  • Montgomery, M. (1989). A Pilgrimage to the Origins: The Apocalypse as Structure and Theme in Toni Morrison's Sula. Black American Literature Forum, 23(1), 127-137. doi:10.2307/2903996.
  • Morrison, T (1973) Sula. New York: Vintage International.........................................
  • Morrison, T (1994) Sula. Çev. Ülker İnce. İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Morrison, T (2017) Sula. Çev. Ülker İnce. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Morrison, T., & Mckay, N. (1983). An Interview with Toni Morrison. Contemporary Literature, 24(4), 413. doi:10.2307/1208128.
  • Morrison, T. (1992) Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Massa- chussetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Oyebade, B. (1990). African Studies and the Afrocentric Paradigm: A Critique. Journal of Black Studies, 21(2), 233-238.
  • Said, E. (1979) Orientalism. New York: Vintage.............................................................
  • Sanasam, R. & Chanigkhombee S. (2013). "African Culture, Folklore and Myth in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon: Discovering Self Identity." Www.thecho.in. The Echo.
  • Sefa Dei., G.(1994). Afrocentricity: A Cornerstone of Pedagogy. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 25(1), 3-28. Retrieved September 13, 2020
  • Venuti, L. (1995) (2018). The translator's invisibility a history of translation. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Yücel, F. (2016). Çevirinin Tarihi. Erenköy/İstanbul: Çevirbilim...................................
  • Zauditu-Selassie, K. (2014). African spiritual traditions in the novels of Toni Morrison. Gainsville: Univ. Press of Florida.

The Turkish Translation of Folkloric Elements in Toni Morrison’s Sula (1973)

Year 2020, Issue: Ö8, 979 - 999, 21.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.824580

Abstract

The acclaimed Afro-American novelist Toni Morrison’s novels, most of which have been translated into Turkish and enjoyed considerable popularity among Turkish readers, focus on the lives of African Americans and contain elements of the oral tradition belonging to this ancestral culture. This study aims to describe how the folkloric elements in Sula (1973), her second novel, which evoke this oral tradition of Afro-American culture have been translated into Turkish within the framework of the Afrocentric approach, put forward by Molefi K. Asante and to determine the translator’s role in the process. The novel was translated into Turkish twice by the experienced translator Ülker İnce. The first translation was published by Can Publishing in 1994 and the second by Sel Publishing in 2017. The extracts from the source and the target texts containing folkloric elements have been comparatively analyzed in terms of the translator’s presence/visibility/voice. The study refers to “the translator’s (in)visibility” coined by Lawrence Venuti in his ground-breaking work called The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation (1995) as well as “the translator’s voice” discussed by Theo Hermans in his widely-acclaimed article entitled The Translator’s Voice in Translated Narrative (1996). The study endeavors to illustrate the ways in which the translator acquaints the Turkish readers with the folkloric elements belonging to the Afro-American culture by conjoining the linguistic and cultural elements of the source and the target texts with an Afro-centric approach.

References

  • Amin, S. (1989) Eurocentrism: Critique of an Ideology. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Asante, M.K. (1980) Afrocentricity and Culture. In African Culture: The Rhythms of
  • Unity. M. Asante and K.W. Asante, eds. Pp. 3-12. Trenton: Africa World Press.
  • Asante, M. K. (1980). Afrocentricity: The theory of social change. Buffalo, NY: Amulefi.
  • Asante, M. K. (1987). The Afrocentric idea. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Asante, M. K. (1988),(1989). Afrocentricity. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
  • Asante, M. K. (1990). Kemet, Afrocentricity and knowledge. Trenton, NJ: Africa WorldPress.
  • Asante, M. (1991). The Afrocentric idea in education. Journal of Negro Education, 60, 170-179.
  • Beaulieu, E. A. (2003). The Toni Morrison encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
  • Bell, B. W. (1989). The Afro-American novel and its tradition. Amherst: The Univ. of Mass. Press.
  • Billingslea-Brown, A. J. (1999). Crossing borders through folklore African American women's fiction and art. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. Campbell, J. (1986). Mythic Black Fiction: The Transformation of History. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986.
  • Demirtürk, E. L. (1997). Çağdaş Amerikali Zenci Romancılar. Ankara: Gündoğan.
  • Garabedian, D. M (1998) Toni Morrison and the language of music, CLA Journal , Vol. 41, No. 3 s. 303-318
  • Gürçağlar, Ş T. (2014). Çevirinin ABC'si. İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Harris, T. (1991). Fiction and folklore: The novels of Toni Morrison. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
  • Hermans, T. (1985), (2015). The manipulation of literature: Studies in literary translation. London: Routledge.
  • Hermans, T. (1997). Çeviri Anlatıda Çevirmenin Sesi (A. Bulut, Çev.). Kuram, (15), 63-68.
  • Holmes, James S 1988 (11975). "The Name and Nature of Translation Studies". In:
  • James S Holmes 1988. Translated!: Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi, s. 66-80.
  • İnce, Ü, & Dizdar, D. (2017). Çeviri atölyesi: Çeviride tuzaklar. İstanbul: Can Sanat.
  • İnce, Ü. (2009) Çeviri Bilinci: Çevirenler-Çeviremeyenler-Çeviriverenler. İstanbul: Tekin Yayınları.
  • Jennings, L. V. (2008). Toni Morrison and the idea of Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Karadağ, A. B. (2003). Edebiyat ve Kültür Dizgesini Şekillendirmede ‘İdeolojik’ Açıdan Çevirinin ve Çevirmenin Rolü. Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Karenga, M. (1986) Introduction to Black Studies. Los Angeles: University of Sankore Press.
  • Karenga, M. (1988). Black Studies and the Problematic of Paradigm: The Philosophical Dimension. Journal of Black Studies,18(4), 395-414. Retrieved September 13, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2784370.
  • Keto, T. (1980). The Africa Centered Perspective of History and Social Sciences in the Twenty-First Century. New Jersey: K. A. Public.
  • Lewis, V. (1987). African Tradition in Toni Morrison's Sula. Phylon (1960-), 48(1), 91-97. doi:10.2307/275004.
  • Martin, K. L. (2013). Conjuring moments in African American literature: Women, spirit work and other such hoodoo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Messing, J. (2014, January 20). Sula by Toni Morrison – An African American Analysis. Retrieved September 13, 2020, from https://journalwomenwriters.wordpress.com/2014/01/20/sula-by-toni-morrison-an-african-american-analysis/.
  • Montgomery, M. (1989). A Pilgrimage to the Origins: The Apocalypse as Structure and Theme in Toni Morrison's Sula. Black American Literature Forum, 23(1), 127-137. doi:10.2307/2903996.
  • Morrison, T (1973) Sula. New York: Vintage International.........................................
  • Morrison, T (1994) Sula. Çev. Ülker İnce. İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
  • Morrison, T (2017) Sula. Çev. Ülker İnce. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Morrison, T., & Mckay, N. (1983). An Interview with Toni Morrison. Contemporary Literature, 24(4), 413. doi:10.2307/1208128.
  • Morrison, T. (1992) Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Massa- chussetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Oyebade, B. (1990). African Studies and the Afrocentric Paradigm: A Critique. Journal of Black Studies, 21(2), 233-238.
  • Said, E. (1979) Orientalism. New York: Vintage.............................................................
  • Sanasam, R. & Chanigkhombee S. (2013). "African Culture, Folklore and Myth in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon: Discovering Self Identity." Www.thecho.in. The Echo.
  • Sefa Dei., G.(1994). Afrocentricity: A Cornerstone of Pedagogy. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 25(1), 3-28. Retrieved September 13, 2020
  • Venuti, L. (1995) (2018). The translator's invisibility a history of translation. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Yücel, F. (2016). Çevirinin Tarihi. Erenköy/İstanbul: Çevirbilim...................................
  • Zauditu-Selassie, K. (2014). African spiritual traditions in the novels of Toni Morrison. Gainsville: Univ. Press of Florida.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section Translation and interpreting
Authors

Kamer Öztin This is me 0000-0001-9798-0364

Publication Date November 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: Ö8

Cite

APA Öztin, K. (2020). Toni Morrison’un Sula (1973) romanındaki folklorik unsurların Türkçeye aktarımı. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(Ö8), 979-999. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.824580