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Jessie Redmon Fauset’in Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral adlı eserinde ırksal farkındalık ve direniş

Year 2022, Issue: 27, 774 - 782, 21.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1105611

Abstract

Amerika’da yaşayan siyahilerin maruz kaldıkları ırkçı yaklaşımların kökeni 17. yüzyılın başlarına dayanmaktadır. O dönemde gemilerle Virginia kolonisine getirilen az sayıda Afrikalı, esir olarak görülmekle beraber bugünkü anlamıyla köle değillerdi çünkü belli bir süre çalıştıktan sonra özgürlük ve bir miktar toprak sahibi olabiliyorlardı. Bu, bir nevi sözleşmeli kölelik sayılırdı. Ancak kısa süre içerisinde zengin arazi sahipleri bu durumun bir problem olduğu sonucuna vardı ve sözleşmeli kölelikten köleliğe hızlı bir geçiş süreci yaşandı. 18. yüzyılın ortalarına gelindiğinde, sözleşmeli kölelik artık yok denecek kadar azdı. 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısındaki Amerikan Devrimi ile birlikte köleliğin toplumsal bir problem olduğu düşüncesi ağır basmış ve çoğunlukla kuzeyde olmak üzere pek çok eyalet, özgürlük yasaları çıkarmaya başlamıştır. Fakat ne yazık ki çıkarılan hiçbir yasa, siyahilere tam anlamıyla bir ses veya özgürlük verecek kadar samimi veya kapsamlı olamamıştır. 1910’larda başlayan Büyük Göç ile birlikte milyonlarca siyahi vatandaş eşitlik ve özgürlük hayaliyle Kuzey bölgelere, özellikle New York’a göç etmiştir. Bu olay 1920’lerde başlayan Harlem Rönesansı’nı tetikleyen olgudur. Rönesans ile birlikte siyahiler tarihlerinde ilk defa kendi kimlik ve sanatlarını kendi tarzlarıyla anlatma imkânı bulmuşlardır. Dönemin yazarları, maruz kaldıkları ırkçılık ile ilgili farkındalık yaratmayla yetinmeyip, bir direniş ortaya koyma ve kendi kimliklerinden gurur duyma düşüncesini de yansıtmışlardır. Jessie Redmon Fauset, bu yazarlar arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir ve bahsedilen konuları başarılı bir biçimde ele almaktadır. Bu çalışma, Fauset’in Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral adlı eserindeki ırksal farkındalık ve direniş temasını incelenmektedir.

References

  • Aldridge, D. P. (1990). Toward an Understanding of Black Male/Female Relationships. In Talmadge Anderson (Ed.), Black Studies: Theory, Method, and Cultural Perspectives (pp. 89-97). Washington: Washington State University Press.
  • Ammons, E. (1987). New Literary History: Edith Wharton and Jessie Redmon Fauset. College Literature, 14(3), 207-218.
  • Czarnecki, K. K. (2004). A Grievous Necessity: The Subject of Marriage in Transatlantic Modern Women’s Novels: Woolf, Rhys, Fauset, Larsen, and Hurston [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Cincinnati.
  • Du Bois, W. E. B. (2008). The Souls of Black Folk. United States of America: Wilder Publications.
  • Fauset, J. R. (1990). Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Novel. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Feeney, J. J. (1983). Jessie Fauset of The Crisis: Novelist, Feminist, Centenarian. The Crisis, 90(6), 20-22.
  • Gates, H. L. Jr. (1988). The Trope of a New Negro and the Reconstruction of the Image of the Black. Representations, 24(24), 129-155.
  • Johnson, A. A. (1978). Literary Midwife: Jessie Redmon Fauset and the Harlem Renaissance. Phylon, 39(2), 143-153.
  • Keller, F. R. (1968). The Harlem Literary Renaissance. The North American Review, 253(3), 29-34.
  • Locke, A. (Ed.). (1992). The New Negro: Voices of the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Atheneum.
  • Wagner-Martin, L. (1990). The Modern American Novel 1914-1945: A Critical History. New York: Twayne Publishers.
  • Wall, C. A. (1995). Women of the Harlem Renaissance. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Wintz, C. D. (2003). The Harlem Renaissance: A History and an Anthology. USA: Brandywine Press.

Racial awareness and resistance in Jessie Redmon Fauset’s Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral

Year 2022, Issue: 27, 774 - 782, 21.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1105611

Abstract

The origin of the racist approaches towards black people living in America dates back to the beginning of the 17th century. A small number of Africans brought to the Virginia colony by ships in that period were considered captives, but were not slaves in the current sense because they could have freedom and some land after working for a certain period of time. It was a form of indentured slavery. However, wealthy landowners soon concluded that this was a problem, and there followed a rapid transition from indentured slavery to slavery. By the mid-18th century, indentured slavery was almost nonexistent. With the American Revolution in the second half of the 18th century, the idea that slavery was a social problem predominated and many states, mostly in the north, began to enact freedom laws. But unfortunately, none of the laws enacted have been sincere or comprehensive enough to give black people a voice or freedom in its fullest sense. With the Great Migration that started in the 1910s, millions of black citizens immigrated to the Northern regions, especially New York, with the dream of equality and freedom. This was the event triggering the Harlem Renaissance, which began in the 1920s. With the Renaissance, black people had the opportunity to express their identity and art with their own style for the first time in their history. The writers of the period not only raised awareness about the racism they were exposed to, but also reflected the idea of resistance and being proud of their own identity. Jessie Redmon Fauset occupies a prominent place among these writers and successfully addresses the themes mentioned. This study examines racial awareness and resistance in Fauset’s Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral.

References

  • Aldridge, D. P. (1990). Toward an Understanding of Black Male/Female Relationships. In Talmadge Anderson (Ed.), Black Studies: Theory, Method, and Cultural Perspectives (pp. 89-97). Washington: Washington State University Press.
  • Ammons, E. (1987). New Literary History: Edith Wharton and Jessie Redmon Fauset. College Literature, 14(3), 207-218.
  • Czarnecki, K. K. (2004). A Grievous Necessity: The Subject of Marriage in Transatlantic Modern Women’s Novels: Woolf, Rhys, Fauset, Larsen, and Hurston [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Cincinnati.
  • Du Bois, W. E. B. (2008). The Souls of Black Folk. United States of America: Wilder Publications.
  • Fauset, J. R. (1990). Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Novel. Boston: Beacon Press.
  • Feeney, J. J. (1983). Jessie Fauset of The Crisis: Novelist, Feminist, Centenarian. The Crisis, 90(6), 20-22.
  • Gates, H. L. Jr. (1988). The Trope of a New Negro and the Reconstruction of the Image of the Black. Representations, 24(24), 129-155.
  • Johnson, A. A. (1978). Literary Midwife: Jessie Redmon Fauset and the Harlem Renaissance. Phylon, 39(2), 143-153.
  • Keller, F. R. (1968). The Harlem Literary Renaissance. The North American Review, 253(3), 29-34.
  • Locke, A. (Ed.). (1992). The New Negro: Voices of the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Atheneum.
  • Wagner-Martin, L. (1990). The Modern American Novel 1914-1945: A Critical History. New York: Twayne Publishers.
  • Wall, C. A. (1995). Women of the Harlem Renaissance. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Wintz, C. D. (2003). The Harlem Renaissance: A History and an Anthology. USA: Brandywine Press.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section World languages, cultures and litertures
Authors

Fatih Öztürk This is me 0000-0003-0116-4384

Publication Date April 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 27

Cite

APA Öztürk, F. (2022). Racial awareness and resistance in Jessie Redmon Fauset’s Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(27), 774-782. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1105611