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Çok dilliliğin ek bir dili öğrenmeye etkisi

Year 2022, Issue: Ö11, 492 - 500, 21.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146693

Abstract

Bu çalışma, bilinen iki veya daha fazla dilin bir hedef dili öğrenme üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Özellikle, iki dilli öğrencileri çok dilli öğrencilerle Türkçe öğrenmedeki ilerleme oranı açısından karşılaştırmış ve dilsel olarak Türkçe'ye benzer bir dil bilmenin çok dilliler arasında Türkçenin öğrenilmesini kolaylaştırıp kolaylaştırmayacağı analiz edilmiştir. Veriler, Türkiye'de bir devlet üniversitesinin Türkçe Öğretimi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi'ne kayıtlı 68 başlangıç seviyesindeki uluslararası öğrenciden (20 kız, 48 erkek) toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar iki gruba ayrılmıştır: İki dilliler ve çok dilliler. Çokdilliler ayrıca dilsel olarak Türkçe'ye benzer bir dil bilenler ve bilmeyenler olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Veriler, bir dil anketi ve Türkçe ön ve son test puanları aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Öğrenciler güz dönemi başında Türkçe ön teste, dönem sonunda ise son teste girmişlerdir. Nicel analizlerin sonuçları, iki dillilerle çok dilliler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğunu ve son testte çok dillilerin iki dillilere göre daha iyi bir oranda performans gösterdiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, son testte bir Türk dili bilgisine sahip olan çok dillilerin hiç Türk dili bilgisi olmayanlara göre daha yüksek puanlar aldığı görülmüştür. Ancak, sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmamıştır. Sonuçlar, çok dillilik farkındalığı ve onun dilbilimsel, bilişsel, üstbilişsel ve bilgi işleme yetenekleri üzerindeki olumlu etkilerini vurgulayan Çok Dilliliğin Dinamik Modeli (Herdina & Jessner, 2002) açısından tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Antoniou, M., Liang, E., Ettlinger, M., & Wong, P. C. M. (2015). The bilingual advantage in phonetic learning. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18(4), 683–695.
  • Beenstock, M., Chiswick, B.R., & Repetto, G.L. (2001) The effect of linguistic distance and country of origin on immigrant language skills: Application to Israel. International Migration 39 (3), 33-60.
  • Brito, N. H, Sebastian-Galles, N., & Barr, R. (2014). Differences in language exposure and its effects on memory flexibility in monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual infants. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, doi:10.1017/S1366728914000789.
  • Budría, S., Swedberg, P. (2019). The impact of multilingualism on host language acquisition. Empirica 46, 741-766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-018-9422-X
  • Cenoz, J., & Valencia, J. F. (1994). Additive trilingualism: Evidence from the Basque Country. Applied Psycholinguistics, 15(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400005324
  • Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cummins, J. (1991). Language learning and bilingualism. Sophia Linguistica 29, 5–194.
  • Dahm, R. (2015). Developing Cognitive Strategies Through Pluralistic Approaches. In de Angelis, G, U. Jessner, & M. Kresic, Cross-linguistic Influence and Multilingualism, 43–70. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002). A dynamic model of multilingualism: Perspectives of change in psycholinguistics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  • Hofer, B. & Jessner, J. (2016). Multilingualism at the primary level in South Tyrol: How does multilingual education affect young learners’ metalinguistic awareness and proficiency in L1, L2 and L3? The Language Learning Journal, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2016. 1195865
  • Jessner, U. (2005). Multilingual metalanguage, or the way multilinguals talk about their languages. Language Awareness 14(1) (Special Issue: Metalanguage in Applied Linguistics): 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410508668820
  • Kaushanskaya, M., & Marian, V. (2009). The bilingual advantage in novel word learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 705–710.
  • Keshavarz, M. H., & Astaneh, H. (2004). The impact of bilinguality on the learning of English vocabulary as a foreign language (L3). International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 7, 295–302. Krizman, J., Marian, V., Shook, A., Skoe, E., Kraus, N. (2012). Subcortical encoding of sound is enhanced in bilinguals and relates to executive function advantages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(20), 7877–7881.
  • Lasagabaster, D. (1997). Creatividad y conceinca metalingüistica: incidencia en al apprendizaje del inglés como L3. PhD dissertation, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
  • Marian, V., & Shook, A. (2012). The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. Cerebrum: the Dana forum on brain science, 13.
  • Quinteros, B. & Billick, S.B. (2018). Positive cognitive effects of bilingualism and multilingualism on cerebral function: A review. Psychiatr Q. 89(2), 273-283. doi: 10.1007/s11126-017-9532-9.
  • Safont, P. (2003). Metapragmatic awareness and pragmatic production of third language learners of English: A focus on request acts realisations. International Journal of Bilingualism 7 (1), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/136700690 30070010401
  • Sanz, C. (2008). Predicting enhanced L3 learning in bilingual contexts: The role of biliteracy. In Perez-Vidal, C., Bel, A., & Garau, M.J. (Eds.) A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain (pp. 220-240). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Wang, T., & Saffran, J. R. (2014). Statistical learning of a tonal language: The influence of bilingualismand previous linguistic experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 953.

The effect of multilingualism on learning an additional language

Year 2022, Issue: Ö11, 492 - 500, 21.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146693

Abstract

The present study aimed to explore the effects of previous knowledge of multiple languages on learning a target language. In particular, it compared bilingual students with multilinguals with respect to the rate of progress in learning Turkish and analyzed whether or not knowing a language linguistically similar to Turkish would facilitate the learning of Turkish among multilinguals. Data were collected from 68 beginner level international students (20 females, 48 males) enrolled in the Turkish Teaching Application and Research Center of a government university in Turkey. The students took a pre-test in Turkish at the beginning of the Fall semester and a post-test at the end of the semester. The results of the quantitative analyses showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the bilinguals and the multilinguals, with multilinguals performing at a higher rate than the bilinguals in the post-test. In addition, multilinguals that had knowledge of a Turkic language achieved higher scores in the post-test than those that did not have any knowledge of a Turkic language. However, the results were not significant. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to the Dynamic Model of Multilingualism (Herdina & Jessner, 2002) which emhazised the importance of multilingual awareness and its positive effects on linguistic, cognitive, metacognitive and information processing abilities.

References

  • Antoniou, M., Liang, E., Ettlinger, M., & Wong, P. C. M. (2015). The bilingual advantage in phonetic learning. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18(4), 683–695.
  • Beenstock, M., Chiswick, B.R., & Repetto, G.L. (2001) The effect of linguistic distance and country of origin on immigrant language skills: Application to Israel. International Migration 39 (3), 33-60.
  • Brito, N. H, Sebastian-Galles, N., & Barr, R. (2014). Differences in language exposure and its effects on memory flexibility in monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual infants. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, doi:10.1017/S1366728914000789.
  • Budría, S., Swedberg, P. (2019). The impact of multilingualism on host language acquisition. Empirica 46, 741-766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-018-9422-X
  • Cenoz, J., & Valencia, J. F. (1994). Additive trilingualism: Evidence from the Basque Country. Applied Psycholinguistics, 15(2), 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400005324
  • Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cummins, J. (1991). Language learning and bilingualism. Sophia Linguistica 29, 5–194.
  • Dahm, R. (2015). Developing Cognitive Strategies Through Pluralistic Approaches. In de Angelis, G, U. Jessner, & M. Kresic, Cross-linguistic Influence and Multilingualism, 43–70. London: Bloomsbury.
  • Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002). A dynamic model of multilingualism: Perspectives of change in psycholinguistics. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  • Hofer, B. & Jessner, J. (2016). Multilingualism at the primary level in South Tyrol: How does multilingual education affect young learners’ metalinguistic awareness and proficiency in L1, L2 and L3? The Language Learning Journal, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2016. 1195865
  • Jessner, U. (2005). Multilingual metalanguage, or the way multilinguals talk about their languages. Language Awareness 14(1) (Special Issue: Metalanguage in Applied Linguistics): 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410508668820
  • Kaushanskaya, M., & Marian, V. (2009). The bilingual advantage in novel word learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 705–710.
  • Keshavarz, M. H., & Astaneh, H. (2004). The impact of bilinguality on the learning of English vocabulary as a foreign language (L3). International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 7, 295–302. Krizman, J., Marian, V., Shook, A., Skoe, E., Kraus, N. (2012). Subcortical encoding of sound is enhanced in bilinguals and relates to executive function advantages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(20), 7877–7881.
  • Lasagabaster, D. (1997). Creatividad y conceinca metalingüistica: incidencia en al apprendizaje del inglés como L3. PhD dissertation, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
  • Marian, V., & Shook, A. (2012). The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. Cerebrum: the Dana forum on brain science, 13.
  • Quinteros, B. & Billick, S.B. (2018). Positive cognitive effects of bilingualism and multilingualism on cerebral function: A review. Psychiatr Q. 89(2), 273-283. doi: 10.1007/s11126-017-9532-9.
  • Safont, P. (2003). Metapragmatic awareness and pragmatic production of third language learners of English: A focus on request acts realisations. International Journal of Bilingualism 7 (1), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/136700690 30070010401
  • Sanz, C. (2008). Predicting enhanced L3 learning in bilingual contexts: The role of biliteracy. In Perez-Vidal, C., Bel, A., & Garau, M.J. (Eds.) A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain (pp. 220-240). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
  • Wang, T., & Saffran, J. R. (2014). Statistical learning of a tonal language: The influence of bilingualismand previous linguistic experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 953.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section World languages and litertures
Authors

Didem Koban Koç This is me 0000-0002-0869-6749

Publication Date July 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: Ö11

Cite

APA Koban Koç, D. (2022). The effect of multilingualism on learning an additional language. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(Ö11), 492-500. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146693

RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).