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Mizahta meta dil kullanımı

Year 2022, Issue: 29, 660 - 672, 21.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1164994

Abstract

Mizah konusunda bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda mizahın genel anlamda hayatın güldürücü yönünü farklı türlerde ve üslupla ortaya çıkaran bir sanat türü şeklinde değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Söz konusu etkinlikte amacın hem güldürmek hem de alıcıyı düşündürmek hatta eleştirmek olduğu söylenebilir. Eleştirirken amacın aynı zamanda, iletişim ve etkileşim sürecinde yapılan eksiklikleri, hataları, kusurları dolaylı ya da doğrudan iletilen mesajlarla ortadan kaldırmak olduğu da belirgindir. Mizahı söz konusu etkileri dışında önemli ve farklı kılan şey ise uygulama şeklidir. Bunların belirlenmesinde ise iletilen mesajın niteliği, amaç, hedef grup vb. faktörler rol oynamaktadır. Çünkü birisi için “komik” olan diğeri için “komik” olmayabilir yani birine “gülünç” gelen diğerine “gülünç” gelmeyebilir. Bu sadece gülünç olma işlevinde değil, diğer birçok işlevlerinde de bireye hatta toplumlara göre değişkenlik göstermektedir. Mizah yapmayı zorlaştıran şeyin asıl bu olduğu bilinmektedir. Ulusal ve uluslararası nitelikte alıcıların imgesel farklılıkların yanında bireysel farklılıkları da göz önüne alıp ortak bir “gülünç” kapısı yakalamak oldukça emek isteyen bir süreçtir. Tercih, tür, üslup, şekil bazında yapılırken çok kültürlü yani çok dilli bir ortamda bunu işlevsel bir şekilde gerçekleştirmek bunlarla sınırlı kalmayacaktır. Burada üslup ve türün, hatta kullanılan retorik öğelerin yanında bir “meta dile” ihtiyaç duyulduğu gözlemlenmektedir. “Meta dil” ve meta iletişim” aracının farklı kültürleri buluşturmasını sağlayan işlevini örneklendirmek amacıyla ilgili çalışmada araç olarak mizah kullanılmıştır. Türk olan ancak Almanca mizah yapan ve hedef grup olarak sadece ana dil konuşuruna değil başka toplumlara da hitap edebilen Bülent Ceylan’ın stand up şovlarında kullandığı dil ve şovlarında yapmış olduğu mizah tercih edilmiştir. Ceylanın bir gönderici niteliğinde araç olarak kullandığı mizahın, meta dil açısından yorumlanarak, meta iletişimin ve araç olan mizahın kültürel buluşturmadaki gücüne göndermede bulunulacaktır.

References

  • Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. University of Chicago Press: pp. 247-248 and 289. ISBN 978-0-226-03905-.
  • Beceren, S. (2014). Ardışık İki Dilli Çocuklar ile Tek Dilli Çocuklarda Üstdilbilimsel Gelişimin Karşılaştırılması. International Journal of Educational Researchers, 1 (1), 2014:28-40. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/ijers/issue/8487/105620).
  • Ben-Zeev, S. (1977). The influence of bilingualism on cognitive strategy and cognitive development. Child Development, 48(3), 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128353
  • Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605963
  • Clark, E. V. (1978). Awareness of language: Evidence from what children say and do. In The Child's Conception of Language, ed. A. Sinclair, R. Jarv¢lla, W. J. M. Levelt, pp. 17-43. New York: Springer, 1978.
  • Çeviker, T. (1997). Karikatür üzerine yazılar. İstanbul: İris yayınları.
  • Cummins, J. (1978). Bilingualism and the Development of Metalinguistic Awareness. In Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. First Published June 1, Research Article https://doi.org/10.1177/002202217892001
  • Fiehler, R. (1997). Verständigungsprobleme und gestörte Kommunikation, Springer Fachmedien.
  • F. Schulz von Thun. (1981). Miteinander reden 1 – Störungen und Klärungen. Allgemeine Psychologie der Kommunikation. Rowohlt, Reinbek, 1981 -2016
  • F. Schulz von Thun, Dagmar Kumbier. (2006). Interkulturelle Kommunikation, Methoden, Modelle, Beispiele. Verlag: Rowohlt; Auflage: 8 (1. April 2006)
  • Haak, T. (2020). Communication models, from Aristotle to White.
  • https://hrtrendinstitute.com/2020/09/21/the-eisenhower-matrix-and-various-other-grids-for-hr/ September 28, 2020
  • Haley, J. (1978). Problem-Solving Therapy, Harper & Row, 1978 - 275 p.
  • Hölscher, S. (2017). Was bedeutet eigentlich Metakommunikation?
  • https://metrionconsulting.de/inhalte/blog/was-bedeutet-eigentlich-metakommunikation/).
  • Ianco-Worrall, A. (1972). Bilingualism and cognitive development. Child Development, 43, 1390-1400. doi:10.2307/1127524
  • Jakobson, R. (1985). Metalanguage as a linguistic problem. In S. Rudy (Ed.), Selected Writing, Vol. VII (pp. 113-121). The Hague: Mouton.
  • Karahan, L. (1999). Türkçede Söz Dizimi. Ankara: Akçağ Yayınları.
  • Kaplan, M.(1999). Dil ve Kültür. Dergah Yayınları.
  • Knill, M. (2003). Metakommunikation oder: “Über das Reden reden“, http://www.rhetorik.ch/Metakommunikation/Metakommunikation.html, 2003
  • Loenhoff, Jens. (1992). Interkulturelle Verständigung. Zum Problem grenzüberschreitender Kommunikation. Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 1992
  • Özünlü Ü. (1999). Gülmecenin Dilleri, Ankara: Doruk Yayınları.
  • Özünlü, Ü. (2001). Edebiyatta Dil Kullanımları, İstanbul: Multilingual
  • Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76(27), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093840
  • Roth, F. P., Speece, D. L., Cooper, D. H., & De La Paz, S. (1996). Unresolved mysteries: How do metalinguistic and narrative skills connect with early reading? Journal of Special Education, 30, 257–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699603000303
  • Serindağ, E. (2004). İngilizcenin Ardından Almancanın İkinci Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Öğrenimi Üzerine Düşünceler, Ç.Ü. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2, 53-60.
  • Schröder, U. (2018). Zur Funktion von Metakommunikation in der dialogischen Konstruktion von Alterität. Heft 253, 2018 (file:///C:/Users/ADELAB3/Downloads/2018_Metakommunikation_LinguistischeBerichte.pdf).
  • Tarski, A. (1983). The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages. Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics, Indianapolis: Hackett 1983, 152–278, 1935
  • Tunmer, W. E., Herriman, M. L., & Nesdale, A. R.. (1988). Metalinguistic abilities and beginning reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 134–155
  • Uhl , T. (2001). Metakommunikation, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/103279,
  • Usta, Ç. (2005). Mizah Dilinin Gizemi. 1. Baskı. Akçağ Basım Yayım Pazarlama A.ġ. Ankara.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Yağmur, K. (2007). İki dilli Çocukların dil becerilerinin ölçümü ve eşik kuramı, Dil dergisi, DOI: 10.1501/dilder_0000000067
  • Yardımcı, I. (2010). Mizah Kavramı ve Sanattaki Yeri. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3 (2), 1-41. http://dergipark.gov.tr/usaksosbil/issue/21650/232754), 2010
  • Watzlawick, P., Beavin, J.H:, Jackson D.D. (2000). Meschliche Kommunikation: Formen, Störungen, Paradoxien, Hans Huber Verlag, Bern/Stuttgart/ Wien, Taschenbuch. 271
  • Schulz von Thun Institut für Kommunikation: https://www.schulz-von-thun.de/die-modelle/das-kommunikationsquadrat
  • https://www.deutschland.de/tr/topic/yasam/almanlar-neye-guler 31.07.2017.
  • Keisers, S. Westdeutsche Zeitung Bülent Ceylan teilt aus: „Weil ich Kanake bin!“, 24 Oktober 2011. https://www.wz.de/nrw/duesseldorf/buelent-ceylan-teilt-aus-weil-ich-kanake-bin_aid-30597211.
  • Kopp, H. Interview with Gala magazine: https://www.gala.de/stars/news/gala-interview--buelent-ceylan-ueber-den-abschied-von-seinem-vater-21326652.html 08.03.2017
  • Zinkant, A. Ulk mit starker Zopf-Note - Shooting-Star Bülent Ceylan gastierte in Münster,https://www.wn.de/archiv/ulk-mit-starker-zopf-note-shooting-star-bulent-ceylan-gastierte-in-munster-2295593, Sonntag, 30.05.2010, 17:50 Uhr, aktualisiert 24.12.2011, 22:36 Uhr
  • Bülent Ceylan: Der erste Türke in Deutschland | Quatsch Comedy Club Classicshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zKwg2mTvtg, 28.07.2017
  • Bülent Ceylan: Wir Türken | Quatsch Comedy Club Classics, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klnQFfE9TTw, 23 Mar 2017
  • Bülent Ceylan, CSD Gala Stuttgart, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLjNlBACUUg, MSTV QueerSpecials · 01 May 2013
  • Reiter, B., Bülent Ceylan über Humor, https://kurier.at/freizeit/buelent-ceylan-im-interview-ueber-humor/66.677.066, 23.05.2014

The use of meta language in the humor

Year 2022, Issue: 29, 660 - 672, 21.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1164994

Abstract

In the studies on humor, humor is generally regarded as an art form that reveals the funny side of life in different genres and styles. It can be said that the purpose of this activity is to make the recipient laugh and even criticize. While criticizing, the aim is also to eliminate the deficiencies, mistakes, and defects made in the communication and interaction process in which the messages are directly or indirectly transmitted. What makes humor important and different apart from its effects is the way it is applied, such as the style used, the rhetorical elements, etc. This is because what sounds "funny" for one may not be "funny" for another, so what seems "hilarious" to one may not be "hilarious" to another. Depending on the individual and even on the societies involved, this situation varies not only concerning the function of being hilarious but also concerning many other functions. Here lies actually the difficulty in creating humor. When individual differences, as well as the differences in the imagination of national and international receivers, are taken into account, it is a very tedious process to capture a common sense of humor, namely gathering people under the same roof by making them to get the same joke. Therefore, this study analyses not only (as usual) the choice of genre, style, and shape but especially their function in a multicultural, that is, multilingual environment. Obviously, it is necessary to add the dimension of a "metalanguage" in addition to the concepts of style and genre and to the rhetorical elements employed. In order to exemplify the function of "metalanguage" and "meta communication" as a tool to bring different cultures together, the perspective of humor has been used in this study. As a type of humor, the language used in the stand-up shows by Bülent Ceylan, who grew up in a bilingual environment, is Turkish; at the same time, he makes jokes Germans can understand easily; he can address not only native speakers but also memebers of other societies as the target group. This study analyses examples from Ceylan's humor. Ceylan uses humor as a communicative tool on the level of a metalanguage, thus bringing together the members of societies with two different, maybe even more, senses of humor under a common "humor" roof.

References

  • Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology. University of Chicago Press: pp. 247-248 and 289. ISBN 978-0-226-03905-.
  • Beceren, S. (2014). Ardışık İki Dilli Çocuklar ile Tek Dilli Çocuklarda Üstdilbilimsel Gelişimin Karşılaştırılması. International Journal of Educational Researchers, 1 (1), 2014:28-40. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/ijers/issue/8487/105620).
  • Ben-Zeev, S. (1977). The influence of bilingualism on cognitive strategy and cognitive development. Child Development, 48(3), 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.2307/1128353
  • Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605963
  • Clark, E. V. (1978). Awareness of language: Evidence from what children say and do. In The Child's Conception of Language, ed. A. Sinclair, R. Jarv¢lla, W. J. M. Levelt, pp. 17-43. New York: Springer, 1978.
  • Çeviker, T. (1997). Karikatür üzerine yazılar. İstanbul: İris yayınları.
  • Cummins, J. (1978). Bilingualism and the Development of Metalinguistic Awareness. In Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. First Published June 1, Research Article https://doi.org/10.1177/002202217892001
  • Fiehler, R. (1997). Verständigungsprobleme und gestörte Kommunikation, Springer Fachmedien.
  • F. Schulz von Thun. (1981). Miteinander reden 1 – Störungen und Klärungen. Allgemeine Psychologie der Kommunikation. Rowohlt, Reinbek, 1981 -2016
  • F. Schulz von Thun, Dagmar Kumbier. (2006). Interkulturelle Kommunikation, Methoden, Modelle, Beispiele. Verlag: Rowohlt; Auflage: 8 (1. April 2006)
  • Haak, T. (2020). Communication models, from Aristotle to White.
  • https://hrtrendinstitute.com/2020/09/21/the-eisenhower-matrix-and-various-other-grids-for-hr/ September 28, 2020
  • Haley, J. (1978). Problem-Solving Therapy, Harper & Row, 1978 - 275 p.
  • Hölscher, S. (2017). Was bedeutet eigentlich Metakommunikation?
  • https://metrionconsulting.de/inhalte/blog/was-bedeutet-eigentlich-metakommunikation/).
  • Ianco-Worrall, A. (1972). Bilingualism and cognitive development. Child Development, 43, 1390-1400. doi:10.2307/1127524
  • Jakobson, R. (1985). Metalanguage as a linguistic problem. In S. Rudy (Ed.), Selected Writing, Vol. VII (pp. 113-121). The Hague: Mouton.
  • Karahan, L. (1999). Türkçede Söz Dizimi. Ankara: Akçağ Yayınları.
  • Kaplan, M.(1999). Dil ve Kültür. Dergah Yayınları.
  • Knill, M. (2003). Metakommunikation oder: “Über das Reden reden“, http://www.rhetorik.ch/Metakommunikation/Metakommunikation.html, 2003
  • Loenhoff, Jens. (1992). Interkulturelle Verständigung. Zum Problem grenzüberschreitender Kommunikation. Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 1992
  • Özünlü Ü. (1999). Gülmecenin Dilleri, Ankara: Doruk Yayınları.
  • Özünlü, Ü. (2001). Edebiyatta Dil Kullanımları, İstanbul: Multilingual
  • Peal, E., & Lambert, W. E. (1962). The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 76(27), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093840
  • Roth, F. P., Speece, D. L., Cooper, D. H., & De La Paz, S. (1996). Unresolved mysteries: How do metalinguistic and narrative skills connect with early reading? Journal of Special Education, 30, 257–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699603000303
  • Serindağ, E. (2004). İngilizcenin Ardından Almancanın İkinci Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğretimi Öğrenimi Üzerine Düşünceler, Ç.Ü. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2, 53-60.
  • Schröder, U. (2018). Zur Funktion von Metakommunikation in der dialogischen Konstruktion von Alterität. Heft 253, 2018 (file:///C:/Users/ADELAB3/Downloads/2018_Metakommunikation_LinguistischeBerichte.pdf).
  • Tarski, A. (1983). The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages. Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics, Indianapolis: Hackett 1983, 152–278, 1935
  • Tunmer, W. E., Herriman, M. L., & Nesdale, A. R.. (1988). Metalinguistic abilities and beginning reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 134–155
  • Uhl , T. (2001). Metakommunikation, Munich, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/103279,
  • Usta, Ç. (2005). Mizah Dilinin Gizemi. 1. Baskı. Akçağ Basım Yayım Pazarlama A.ġ. Ankara.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Yağmur, K. (2007). İki dilli Çocukların dil becerilerinin ölçümü ve eşik kuramı, Dil dergisi, DOI: 10.1501/dilder_0000000067
  • Yardımcı, I. (2010). Mizah Kavramı ve Sanattaki Yeri. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3 (2), 1-41. http://dergipark.gov.tr/usaksosbil/issue/21650/232754), 2010
  • Watzlawick, P., Beavin, J.H:, Jackson D.D. (2000). Meschliche Kommunikation: Formen, Störungen, Paradoxien, Hans Huber Verlag, Bern/Stuttgart/ Wien, Taschenbuch. 271
  • Schulz von Thun Institut für Kommunikation: https://www.schulz-von-thun.de/die-modelle/das-kommunikationsquadrat
  • https://www.deutschland.de/tr/topic/yasam/almanlar-neye-guler 31.07.2017.
  • Keisers, S. Westdeutsche Zeitung Bülent Ceylan teilt aus: „Weil ich Kanake bin!“, 24 Oktober 2011. https://www.wz.de/nrw/duesseldorf/buelent-ceylan-teilt-aus-weil-ich-kanake-bin_aid-30597211.
  • Kopp, H. Interview with Gala magazine: https://www.gala.de/stars/news/gala-interview--buelent-ceylan-ueber-den-abschied-von-seinem-vater-21326652.html 08.03.2017
  • Zinkant, A. Ulk mit starker Zopf-Note - Shooting-Star Bülent Ceylan gastierte in Münster,https://www.wn.de/archiv/ulk-mit-starker-zopf-note-shooting-star-bulent-ceylan-gastierte-in-munster-2295593, Sonntag, 30.05.2010, 17:50 Uhr, aktualisiert 24.12.2011, 22:36 Uhr
  • Bülent Ceylan: Der erste Türke in Deutschland | Quatsch Comedy Club Classicshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zKwg2mTvtg, 28.07.2017
  • Bülent Ceylan: Wir Türken | Quatsch Comedy Club Classics, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klnQFfE9TTw, 23 Mar 2017
  • Bülent Ceylan, CSD Gala Stuttgart, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLjNlBACUUg, MSTV QueerSpecials · 01 May 2013
  • Reiter, B., Bülent Ceylan über Humor, https://kurier.at/freizeit/buelent-ceylan-im-interview-ueber-humor/66.677.066, 23.05.2014
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section World languages, cultures and litertures
Authors

Meltem Ekti This is me 0000-0002-8353-1397

Publication Date August 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 29

Cite

APA Ekti, M. (2022). The use of meta language in the humor. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(29), 660-672. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1164994