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Year 2023, Issue: Ö13, 1254 - 1262, 23.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1379344

Abstract

References

  • Abrams, M. H. (1961). Five Types of Lycidas, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 212-231). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Baumlin, James S. (1999). William Perkins’s Art of Prophesying and Milton’s “Two-Handed Engine”: The Protestant Allegory of “Lycidas” 113-31. Milton Quarterly, 33 (3), 66-71.
  • Brooks, Cleanth and John Edward Hardy. (1961). Essays in Analysis: Lycidas, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 136-152). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Bush, Douglas. (1965). John Milton: A Sketch of His Life and Writings. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Daiches, David. (1961). From A Study of Literature, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 101-119). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Dorian, Donald C. (1930). Milton’s “Two-Handed Engine.” PMLA, 45 (1), 204-215.
  • Duvall, Robert F. (1967). Time, Place, Persons: The Background for Milton’s Of Reformation. Studies in English Literature, 7 (2), 107-118
  • Hanford, James H. (1961). The Pastoral Elegy and Milton’s Lycidas, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 27-55). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Hyman, Lawrence W. (1972). The Quarrel Within: Art and Morality in Milton’s Poetry. London: Kennikat Press.
  • Lawry, Jon S. (1965). “Eager Thought”: Dialectic in Lycidas, in Arthur E. Barker (Ed.), Milton: Modern Essays in Criticism. (pp. 112-124). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Milton, John. (2008). Lycidas, in Burton Raffel (Ed.), The Annotated Milton: Complete English Poems. (pp. 122-132). New York: Bantam Books.
  • Revard, Stella P. (2003). Lycidas, in Thomas N. Corns (Ed.), A Companion to Milton. (pp. 246-260). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Savoie, John. (2019). After Great Grief a Formal Feeling Comes: The Conclusion of Milton’s Lycidas. Literary Imagination, 21 (2), 127-135.
  • Swaim, Kathleen M. (1983). ‘The Pilot of the Galilean Lake’ in Lycidas. Milton Quarterly, 17 (2), 42-45.
  • Tillyard, E. M. W. (1961). From Milton, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 58-63). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Trevelyan, G. M. (1966). From England Under the Stuarts, in Scott Elledge (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas. (pp. 179-197). New York: Harper&Row Publishers.
  • Tuve, Rosemond. (1962). Images & Themes in Five Poems by Milton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Milton’s use of pastoral as a means of institutional criticism in Lycidas

Year 2023, Issue: Ö13, 1254 - 1262, 23.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1379344

Abstract

John Milton’s Lycidas is a pastoral elegy written in 1637 after the death of an idealized man of religion, Edward King. Reflecting the lament of the persona for the loss of a sound man intended for the Church, Lycidas is rooted in the classical tradition and embodies all the qualities of the pastoral. Incorporated into the pastoral qualities of the poem is a part where St Peter gives voice to the follies of the contemporary clergy, which turns the poem into a means of criticism. The poem emphasises that while a great man of religion like Lycidas dies, the failing ones survive despite all their material interests and ignorance of society. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to analyse Milton’s Lycidas as an example of pastoral where Milton brings together the classical tradition with institutional criticism. This article will analyse the poem in context, and reminding the ideas of Archbishop Laud, it will argue that the use of the shepherd image as a pastor-poet, as in the case of the classical pastoral tradition, provides Milton with the means to delve into the use of the image of the shepherd in the Christian imagery. This, in turn, enables him to discuss the conditions of the poet and of poetry in the seventeenth century.

References

  • Abrams, M. H. (1961). Five Types of Lycidas, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 212-231). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Baumlin, James S. (1999). William Perkins’s Art of Prophesying and Milton’s “Two-Handed Engine”: The Protestant Allegory of “Lycidas” 113-31. Milton Quarterly, 33 (3), 66-71.
  • Brooks, Cleanth and John Edward Hardy. (1961). Essays in Analysis: Lycidas, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 136-152). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Bush, Douglas. (1965). John Milton: A Sketch of His Life and Writings. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Daiches, David. (1961). From A Study of Literature, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 101-119). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Dorian, Donald C. (1930). Milton’s “Two-Handed Engine.” PMLA, 45 (1), 204-215.
  • Duvall, Robert F. (1967). Time, Place, Persons: The Background for Milton’s Of Reformation. Studies in English Literature, 7 (2), 107-118
  • Hanford, James H. (1961). The Pastoral Elegy and Milton’s Lycidas, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 27-55). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Hyman, Lawrence W. (1972). The Quarrel Within: Art and Morality in Milton’s Poetry. London: Kennikat Press.
  • Lawry, Jon S. (1965). “Eager Thought”: Dialectic in Lycidas, in Arthur E. Barker (Ed.), Milton: Modern Essays in Criticism. (pp. 112-124). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Milton, John. (2008). Lycidas, in Burton Raffel (Ed.), The Annotated Milton: Complete English Poems. (pp. 122-132). New York: Bantam Books.
  • Revard, Stella P. (2003). Lycidas, in Thomas N. Corns (Ed.), A Companion to Milton. (pp. 246-260). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Savoie, John. (2019). After Great Grief a Formal Feeling Comes: The Conclusion of Milton’s Lycidas. Literary Imagination, 21 (2), 127-135.
  • Swaim, Kathleen M. (1983). ‘The Pilot of the Galilean Lake’ in Lycidas. Milton Quarterly, 17 (2), 42-45.
  • Tillyard, E. M. W. (1961). From Milton, in C. A. Patrides (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas: The Tradition and the Poem. (pp. 58-63). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Trevelyan, G. M. (1966). From England Under the Stuarts, in Scott Elledge (Ed.), Milton’s Lycidas. (pp. 179-197). New York: Harper&Row Publishers.
  • Tuve, Rosemond. (1962). Images & Themes in Five Poems by Milton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section World languages, cultures and litertures
Authors

Oya Bayıltmış Öğütcü 0000-0002-3312-956X

Publication Date October 23, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: Ö13

Cite

APA Bayıltmış Öğütcü, O. (2023). Milton’s use of pastoral as a means of institutional criticism in Lycidas. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(Ö13), 1254-1262. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1379344