Farklı Beslenme Şekilleri ve İntestinal Mikrobiyota

Abstract

Mikroorganizmalar bütün yaşayan çok hücreli organizmalarda bulunmaktadır. İntestinal mikrobiyota çok sayıda bakteriden oluşmakta ve kompozisyonu bireyden bireye göre farklılık göstermektedir. Diyet bileşenleri özellikle de makro besin ögeleri, intestinal mikrobiyotanın şekillenmesinde anahtar faktörlerden biri olup, yararlı bakterilerin azalması veya artmasında oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Ayrıca kısa süreli ve uzun süreli diyetler intestinal mikrobiyota profilini değiştirmekte ve çeşitli yolaklarla immün sistem mekanizmasını etkileyebilmektedir. Karbonhidratlar, intestinal mikrobiyotanın temel enerji kaynağı olup, sindirilebilir ve sindirilemeyen karbonhidratlar olarak yüksek karbonhidratlı diyetler intestinal mikrobiyota üzerinde farklı etkilere sahiptir. Yüksek yağlı diyetlerden özellikle Batı tarzı beslenmede düşük posa, yüksek yağ ve protein, rafine karbonhidratlar ile karakterize olup yararlı bakteriler olarak tanımlanan Bifidobacterium ve Eubacterium yoğunluğunda azalmaya sebep olmaktadır. İntestinal mikrobiyota diyetin protein içeriğinden etkilenmekte olup, intestinal mikrobiyota aynı zamanda glutamat ailesi, serin ailesi, aspartat ailesi, pirüvat ailesi ve aromatik aile gruplarından çeşitli aminoasitlerin sentezini gerçekleştirmektirmekte ve bu nedenle diyetin protein içeriği oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede, farklı beslenme şekillerinin intestinal mikrobiyota üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• intestinal mikrobiyota
• karbonhidrat
• protein
• yağ

Different Nutrition Types and Intestinal Microbiota

Abstract

Microorganisms are found in all living multicellular organisms as well as humans. İntestinal microbiota consists of a large number of bacteria and its composition varies for individual. Dietary components, especially macronutrients, are a key factor in formation of intestinal microbiota, and are important in reducing or increasing beneficial bacteria. In addition, short-term and long-term diets change the intestinal microbiota profile and may affect immune system mechanism by various pathways. Carbohydrates are main energy source of intestinal microbiota and high carbohydrate diets as digestible and non-digestible carbohydrates have different effects on intestinal microbiota. Especially in Western diet, in high-fat diets, which has low fiber, high fat and protein, characterized by refined carbohydrates, and causes a decrease in density which identified as beneficial bacteria, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium. Intestinal microbiota is influenced by protein content of diet and intestinal microbiota is also involved in synthesis of various amino acids from glutamate family, serine family, aspartate family, pyruvate family and aromatic family groups, and therefore protein content of diet is very important. In this review, we aimed to investigate effects of different nutritional forms on intestinal microbiota.

Keywords

• intestinal microbiota
• carbonhydrate
• protein
• fat

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