Mülteci Ruh Sağılığında Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Abstract

Son yıllarda, dünyada mülteci sayısının artmasıyla birlikte ruh sağlığı sorunları artmakta ve buna bağlı olarak ruh sağlığı ve psikososyal destek hizmetlerine olan ihtiyaçlar da artmaktadır. Kişilerin memleketlerini terk edip göçe zorlanmaları, yeni bir çevreye ve kültüre uyum sağlama süreçleri oldukça streslidir ve beraberinde birçok ruh sağlığı sorununu getirmektedir. Mülteci gruplarda TSSB, duygudurum bozuklukları ve anksiyete bozukluklarının sıklıkla görüldüğü belirtilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra zorunlu göç ile birlikte sosyal/toplumsal yapının ve aile birliğinin bozulması gibi birçok psikososyal sorun da ortaya çıkmaktadır. Mültecilerin ruh sağlığı sorunlarının tespiti ve ardından çok katmanlı ruh sağlığı ve psikososyal destek hizmetleri içerisinde bu ihtiyaçlara cevap verilebilmesi son derece önemlidir. Öncelikle temel ihtiyaçların karşılanması ve toplum temelli psikososyal müdahalelerin gerçekleştirilmesi ile bireylerin ve toplumun iyilik halinin korunmasına yönelik çalışılmalı ve kendi kendilerine yardım kapasiteleri arttırılmalıdır. Bireysel desteğe ihtiyaç duyan kişiler için ise kısa süreli psikolojik müdahaleler sağlanmalı ve daha ileri düzeyde desteğe ihtiyaç duyan kişilerin klinik hizmetlerden yararlanmaları sağlanmalıdır.

Keywords

• Sığınmacılar
• göç
• ruh sağlığı
• psikososyal destek sistemleri

Contemporary Approaches in Refugee Mental Health

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a dramatic rise in number of refugees worldwide. Forced displacement and adapting to a new environment and culture is quite stressful and associated with mental health problems. Refugees frequently suffer from mental health problems and in need of mental health and psychosocial support services. PTSD, mood disorders and anxiety disorders are found to be highly prevalent in refugee groups. In addition, many psychosocial problems such as the disruption of the social/community and family structures occur with the forced migration. It is important to identify the mental health problems of refugees, and respond to these needs within the multi-layered mental health and psychosocial support services. Inıtially, in order to protect the well-being of individuals and society basic needs such as food, shelter and security should be provided. To strengthen self-help capacities, community-based psychosocial interventions should be employed. Along with these services, brief psychological interventions for people who need individual support and clinical services for people who need higher level of clinical care should be provided.

Keywords

• Refugees
• migration
• mental health
• psychosocial support systems

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