Multipl Sklerozlu Hastalarda Mesane ve Bağırsak Disfonksiyonunun Yönetimi

Abstract

Multipl sklerozlu hastalarda mesane ve bağırsak disfonksiyonları sık görülür ve yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz etkiler. Multiple skleroz hastalarında sık görülen ve yaşam kalitelerini etkileyen mesane disfonksiyonu, tanı konulduktan 10 yıl sonra hemen hemen tüm hastaları etkileyebilmektedir. Bu sorunların tedavisinde konservatif, medikal, elektriksel uyarı gibi yaklaşımlar kullanılmaktadır. Multipl sklerozlu hastalarda mesane disfonksiyonu sıvı alımının kısıtlanması, iş hayatından çekilme, sosyalleşememe ve sürekli ped kullanma ihtiyacı gibi sorunlara yol açarak depresif bir yaşantıya neden olabilir. Multipl sklerozlu hastalarda bağırsak disfonksiyonu fekal inkontinans ve/veya konstipasyon şeklinde görülebilmekte ve hastaların yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz yönde etkilyebilmektedir. Mesane ve bağırsak disfonksiyonu yönetiminde çeşitli yaklaşımlar kullanılmaktadır. Multipl skleroz hemşireleri hastaların mesane ve bağırsak semptomlarının tanı, tedavi ve takibinde multidisipliner ekipte anahtar role sahiptir. Bu semptomların yönetiminde etkili hemşirelik bakımı, eğitim ve danışmanlık verilmesi multipl sklerozlu hastaların yaşam kalitelerini arttırmaktadır. Bu derlemede multipl sklerozlu hastaların yaşadığı mesane ve bağırsak disfonksiyonları ve bu problemlerin yönetimi güncel bilgiler doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• mesane
• bağırsak
• multiple skleroz
• hemşirelik
• disfonksiyon

Management of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Bladder and bowel dysfunctions are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and negatively affect their quality of life. Bladder dysfunction, which is prevalent in people with MS (PwMS), can impact almost all patients within 10 years after diagnosis. Conservative, medical, and electrical stimulation approaches are used in the treatment of these problems. Bladder dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis can lead to issues such as fluid intake restriction, withdrawal from work life, inability to socialize, and the need for constant use of pads, resulting in a depressive lifestyle. Bowel dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis can manifest as fecal incontinence and/or constipation, which can also negatively affect patients' quality of life. Various approaches are utilized in the management of bladder and bowel dysfunction. Multiple sclerosis nurses play a key role in the multidisciplinary team for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients' bladder and bowel symptoms. Effective nursing care, education, and counseling in the management of these symptoms enhance the comfort of patients with multiple sclerosis. In this review, the bladder and bowel dysfunctions experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis and the management of these problems are discussed in line with current knowledge.

Keywords

• bladder
• bowel
• multiple sclerosis
• nursing
• dysfunction

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