Research Article

Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery

Volume: 16 Number: 2 May 24, 2026
TR EN

Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative use of phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5% eye drops on bleeding-related complications and surgical duration in pterygium surgery.

Material and Methods: Fifty patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5% drops at 5 and 10 minutes before surgery; Group 2 did not receive the drops. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative videos and images were captured and analyzed using the ImageJ program for both groups.

Results: Redness decreased from 451.33 ± 25.45 to 268.52 ± 19.23 pixels after phenylephrine instillation, a change not seen in the control group. Six minutes before autograft implantation, the hyperemic area was 268.52 ± 19.23 pixels in the phenylephrine group and 492.22 ± 21.24 pixels in the control group.

The hemostatic effect of 2.5% phenylephrine eye drops lasted until 35 minutes postoperatively.

Therefore, the bleeding rate decreased by 48% in Group 1, while this effect was not observed in Group 2. No significant difference in intraocular pressure was found. Group 1's mean operation time was 7.20 ± 1.12 minutes versus 12.21 ± 1.02 minutes in Group 2. Phenylephrine reduced hyperemia by 45%.

Conclusion: It is thought that using 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride eye drops before pterygium surgery may allow for a smoother and faster operation due to its whitening effect on the surgical field.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Institutional Ethics Committee Approval no:2023/77-Date:23.05.2023. Informed consent was waived due to the study's retrospective design.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Clinical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 24, 2026

Submission Date

May 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 15, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 16 Number: 2

APA
Çakmak, K., Altıkardeşler, E., & Yılmaz, F. (2026). Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery. Value in Health Sciences, 16(2), 275-279. https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1695085
AMA
1.Çakmak K, Altıkardeşler E, Yılmaz F. Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery. VHS. 2026;16(2):275-279. doi:10.33631/sabd.1695085
Chicago
Çakmak, Kaan, Emir Altıkardeşler, and Funda Yılmaz. 2026. “Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery”. Value in Health Sciences 16 (2): 275-79. https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1695085.
EndNote
Çakmak K, Altıkardeşler E, Yılmaz F (May 1, 2026) Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery. Value in Health Sciences 16 2 275–279.
IEEE
[1]K. Çakmak, E. Altıkardeşler, and F. Yılmaz, “Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery”, VHS, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 275–279, May 2026, doi: 10.33631/sabd.1695085.
ISNAD
Çakmak, Kaan - Altıkardeşler, Emir - Yılmaz, Funda. “Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery”. Value in Health Sciences 16/2 (May 1, 2026): 275-279. https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1695085.
JAMA
1.Çakmak K, Altıkardeşler E, Yılmaz F. Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery. VHS. 2026;16:275–279.
MLA
Çakmak, Kaan, et al. “Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery”. Value in Health Sciences, vol. 16, no. 2, May 2026, pp. 275-9, doi:10.33631/sabd.1695085.
Vancouver
1.Kaan Çakmak, Emir Altıkardeşler, Funda Yılmaz. Evaluation of the Effects of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 2.5% Eye Drops on the Operation Time and Intraoperative Bleeding in Pterygium Surgery. VHS. 2026 May 1;16(2):275-9. doi:10.33631/sabd.1695085