The Effect of Job Stress and Presenteeism on Turnover Intention: A Research on Health Workers

İlter Helvacı; Mithat Turhan; Onur Köprülü

doi:10.33631/sabd.1713416

Research Article

The Effect of Job Stress and Presenteeism on Turnover Intention: A Research on Health Workers

Year 2026, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 89 - 97, 23.01.2026

İlter Helvacı , Mithat Turhan , Onur Köprülü

Abstract

Aim: This research was conducted with the participation of healthcare professionals. A total of 240 healthcare professionals participated in the study. This research was conducted to determine the effect of job stress experienced by hospital employees on their presenteeism (non-existence at work) and turnover intentions and the effect of presenteeism on employees' turnover intentions.
Material and methods: Data were obtained from healthcare workers using job stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention scales, and structural equation modeling was used to measure the relationships between the observed and latent variables in the data. For the reliability analysis of the scales, Cronbach's alpha, the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test and Bartlett's test were used. During the analysis process, regression analysis was used to explain the changes in the dependent variables (turnover intention; presenteeism) with the independent variable (job stress).
Results: This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between job stress, presenteeism, and turnover intentions of healthcare workers at Mersin University Faculty of Medicine in Mersin, Turkey. Of the participants, 148 (61.7%) were male, 191 were married (79.6%), 137 were doctors (57%), 35 were nurses (14.6%), and 68 (28.4%) were health officers. According to the research findings, hospital employees' job stress has a positive effect on presenteeism and turnover intention. On the other hand, presenteeism has no impact on employees' intention to leave.
Conclusion: Supporting colleagues and managers and establishing trust-based relationships among employees are of great importance in reducing stress and presenteeism among healthcare professionals.

Keywords

Job stress , presenteeism , turnover intention , structural equation model , healthcare workers

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by Mersin University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee with date 02.05.2023 and decision number 88 (reference number 01-6581/12-53).

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İş Stresi ve Presenteizmin İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2026, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 89 - 97, 23.01.2026

İlter Helvacı , Mithat Turhan , Onur Köprülü

Abstract

Amaç: Yapılan araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında toplam 240 sağlık çalışanı araştırmaya katılmıştır. Bu araştırma, hastane çalışanlarının deneyimlediği iş stresinin işte var olamama (işte bulunmama) ve işten ayrılma niyetleri üzerindeki etkisini ve işe devamsızlığın çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veriler, sağlık çalışanlarından iş stresi, işte var olamama ve işten ayrılma niyeti ölçekleri kullanılarak elde edilmiş ve verilerdeki gözlenen ve gizli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri ölçmek için yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin güvenirlik analizinde Cronbach alfa, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin testi ve Bartlett testleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sürecinde, bağımlı değişkenlerdeki (işten ayrılma niyeti; işte var olamama) bağımsız değişkenle (iş stresi) olan değişimleri açıklamak için regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların 148'i (%61,7) erkek, 191'i evli (%79,6), 137'si doktor (%57), 35'i hemşire (%14,6) ve 68'i (%28,4) sağlık memurudur. Araştırma bulgularına göre, hastane çalışanlarının iş stresi, işte var olamama ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahiptir. Öte yandan, işte var olamamanın, çalışanların işten ayrılma niyeti üzerinde bir etkisi yoktur.
Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanları arasında stresi ve işte bulunmayı azaltmada meslektaşları ve yöneticileri desteklemek ve çalışanlar arasında güvene dayalı ilişkiler kurmak büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

İş stresi , işte var olamama , işten ayrılma niyeti , yapısal eşitlik modeli , sağlık çalışanları

References

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2. Haque A, Fernando M, Caputi P. Perceived human resource management and presenteeism: mediating effect of turnover intentions. Asia-Pacific J Bus Adm. 2019;11(2):110-30. doi:10.1108/APJBA-02-2018-0038.
3. Chun BY, Song CS. A moderated mediation analysis of occupational stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention among occupational therapists in Korea. J Occup Health. 2020;62(1):e12153. doi:10.1002/1348-9585.12153.
4. Jamal, M. Burnout among Canadian and Chinese employees: a cross-cultural study. Eur Manag Rev. 2005;2:224-30. doi:10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500038.
5. Vijayan M. Impact of job stress on employees’ job performance in Aavin, Coimbatore. J Organ Hum Behav. 2017;6(3):21-9.
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8. Jiang H, Jia H, Zhang J, Li Y, Song F, Yu X. Nurses’ occupational stress and presenteeism: the mediating role of public service motivation and the moderating role of health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(7):3523. doi:10.3390/ijerph18073523.
9. Schultz AB, Edington DW. Employee health and presenteeism: a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2007;17(3):547-79. doi:10.1007/s10926-007-9096-x.
10. Alkahtani AH. Investigating factors that influence employees’ turnover intention: a review of existing empirical works. Int J Bus Manag. 2015;10(2):152-66. doi:10.5539/ijbm.v10n12p152.
11. Hay M. Strategies for survival in the war of talent. Career Dev Int. 2002;7(1):52-5. doi:10.1108/13620430210414883.
12. Addae HM, Parboteeah KP, Davis EE. Organizational commitment and intentions to quit: an examination of the moderating effects of psychological contract breach in Trinidad and Tobago. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. 2006;14(3):225-38. doi:10.1108/19348830610823419.
13. Rabin S, Feldman D, Kaplan Z. Stress and intervention strategies in mental health professionals. Br J Med Psychol. 1999;72(2):159-69. doi:10.1348/000711299159916.
14. Elstad JI, Vabø M. Job stress, sickness absence and sickness presenteeism in Nordic elderly care. Scand J Public Health. 2008;36(5):467-74. doi:10.1177/1403494808089557.
15. Bergström G, Bodin L, Hagberg J, Lindh T, Aronsson G, Josephson M. Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health? Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009;82(10):1179-90. doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0433-6.
16. Furuichi W, Shimura A, Miyama H, Seki T, Ono K, Masuya J, et al. Effects of job stressors, stress response, and sleep disturbance on presenteeism in office workers. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:1827-33. doi:10.2147/NDT.S258508.
17. Yang T, Zhu M, Xie X. The determinants of presenteeism: a comprehensive investigation of stress-related factors at work, health, and individual factors among the aging workforce. J Occup Health. 2016;58(1):25-35. doi:10.1539/joh.15-0114-OA.
18. Hu Y, Wang D, Xu G, Xu P. The relationship between work stress and mental health in medical workers in East China. Soc Behav Pers. 2014;42(2):237-44. doi:10.2224/sbp.2014.42.2.237.
19. Solmaz, M, Solmaz T. Hastanelerde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;6(3):147-56.
20. Karimi L, Cheng C, Bartram T, Leggat SG, Sarkeshik S. The effects of emotional intelligence and stress‐related presenteeism on nurses’ well‐being. Asia Pac J Hum Resour. 2015:53(3):296-310. doi:10.1111/1744-7941.12049.
21. Luthans F, Avolio BJ, Walumbwa FO, Li W. The psychological capital of Chinese workers: exploring the relationship with performance. Manag Organ Rev. 2005;1(2):249-71. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8784.2005.00011.x.
22. Suzuki T, Miyaki K, Song Y, Tsutsumi A, Kawakami N, Shimazu A, et al. Relationship between sickness presenteeism (WHO-HPQ) with depression and sickness absence due to mental disease in a cohort of Japanese workers. J Affect Disord. 2015;180:14–20. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.034.
23. Gun MS, Choi YH, Park KH. Job stress and presenteeism of clinical nurses. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing. 2011;20(2):163-71.
24. George R, Chiba M, Scheepers CB. An investigation into the effect of leadership style on stress-related presenteeism in South African knowledge workers. SA J Hum Resour Manag. 2017;15:a754. doi:10.4102/sajhrm.v15i0.754.
25. Jeon SH, Leem JH, Park SG, Heo YS, Lee BJ, Moon SH, et al. Association among working hours, occupational stress, and presenteeism among wage workers: results from the second Korean Working Conditions Survey. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2014;26:6. doi:10.1186/2052-4374-26-6.
26. Bergström G, Bodin L, Hagberg J, Lindh T, Aronsson G, Josephson M. Does sickness presenteeism have an impact on future general health? Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009;82(10):1179-90. doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0433-6.
27. Türkkan G, Soyman T. Aşırı iş yükü, iş stresi, presenteizm ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiler: görgül bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi. 2023;14(40):1368-89. doi:10.21076/vizyoner.1280814.
28. Atilla, G, Yıldırım, G, Baysal, H. İşte var olamama, iş tatminsizliği ve iş yükünün işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Isparta ili çağrı merkezi çalışanları örneği. International Review of Economics and Management. 2019;7(2):33-58. doi:10.18825/iremjournal.539187.
29. House RJ, Rizzo JR. Role conflict and ambiguity as critical variables inmodel of organizational behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 1972;7(3):467-505. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(72)90030-X.
30. Efeoğlu İE. İş-aile yaşam çatışmasının iş stresi, iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkileri: ilaç sektöründe bir araştırma [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Adana: Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü; 2006.
31. Koopman C, Pelletier KR, Murray JF, Sharda CE, Berger ML, Turpin RS, et al. Stanford presenteeism scale: Health status and employee productivity. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44(1):1-12. doi:10.1097/00043764-200201000-00004.
32. Baysal İA, Baysal G, Aksu G, Aksu N. Presenteeism (işte varolmama sorunu) ile örgütsel bağlilik arasindaki ilişki: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi akademik personeli üzerinde bir uygulama. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges. 2014;4(3):134-52.
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36. Shrestha N. Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics. 2021;9(1):4-11. doi:10.12691/ajams-9-1-2.
37. Reddy LS, Kulshrestha P. Performing the KMO and Bartlett’s test for factors estimating the warehouse efficiency, inventory and customer contentment for e-retail supply chain. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application and Management. 2019;5(9):1-13.
38. Yu X, Zheng Y, Su X, Zheng Q. A study on the correlation among social interaction, career self-efficacy and well-being of employees in rural tourism. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala. 2020;70:31-41. doi:10.33788/rcis.70.3.
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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	İlter Helvacı 0000-0002-6214-112X Mithat Turhan 0000-0003-3495-4729 Onur Köprülü 0000-0003-1220-4468
Submission Date	June 3, 2025
Acceptance Date	October 16, 2025
Publication Date	January 23, 2026
Published in Issue	Year 2026 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver	Helvacı İ, Turhan M, Köprülü O. The Effect of Job Stress and Presenteeism on Turnover Intention: A Research on Health Workers. VHS. 2026;16(1):89-97.

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