Metal-Seramik Diş Restorasyonlarının Üretiminde Farklı Yüzey İşlemlerinin Makaslama Bağlanma Dayanımına Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 489 - 496, 20.09.2022

Recep Kara

https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1172176

Abstract

Amaç: Metal ve porselen arasındaki bağ gücü, metal-seramik restorasyonların başarısı için önemli bir faktördür. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, oksidasyon işleminden sonra seramik ve kobalt-krom (Co-Cr) alaşımları arasındaki makaslama bağlanma dayanımı (MBD) değerlendirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Döküm, lazer sinterleme ve frezeleme tekniklerinden her biri 50 örnek olmak üzere toplam 150 Co-Cr örnek üretildi. Üretilen ana grup örnekleri beş alt gruba ayrıldı. Alt gruplardan biri 110 µm Al2O3 ile kumlandı, diğerleri tek yönde karbon separe disk, sinterlenmiş elmas frez, tungsten karbür frez ve pembe taş ile taşlandı. Oksidasyon ve veneering işleminden sonra MBD testi uygulandı. MBD ölçümlerinin normallik dağılımı için Kolmogorov- Simirnov testi yapıldı. Sonuçlara göre dağılımın normal dağılıma uygun olmadığı, alt gruplarda ise grup içi örneklem sayılarının az olması nedeni ile çalışmada parametrik olmayan testler kullanıldı. Analiz için Kruskal Wallis ve All pair-wise post hoc testi (α = 0,05) uygulandı.
Bulgular: Lazer sinterleme ve frezeleme grupları arasında fabrikasyon tekniklerine göre istatistiksel fark vardı. En yüksek MBD değeri Al2O3 laser grubunda (34,35), en düşük ise Al2O3 döküm grubunda (17,68) bulundu. Yüzey işlemleri seramik yapışmasını önemli ölçüde değiştirdi. Neredeyse tüm alt gruplar karışık başarısızlık sergiledi. Bu çalışmada bulunan MBD değerlerinin tümü, klinik olarak hemen hemen kabul edilebilirdi.
Sonuç: Metal alt yapıların tesviye ve bitimlerinde farklı aşındırıcıların kullanılması metal-seramik bağlantısını etkileyebileceğinden, kullanımlarında mümkün olduğunca dikkatli olunmalıdır.

Keywords

Makaslama bağ dayanımı, metal seramik alaşım, krom-kobalt alaşımları, metal seramik restorasyonları

Investigation of the Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Shear Bond Strength in the Fabrication of Metal-Ceramic Dental Restorations

Abstract

Aim: The bond strength between metal and porcelain is an essential factor for the success of metal-ceramic restorations. Therefore, this study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) between ceramic and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys after oxidation treatment.
Material and Methods: A total of 150 Co-Cr samples, 50 samples each, were produced from casting, laser sintering, and milling techniques. The primary group samples produced were divided into five subgroups. One of the subgroups is sandblasted with 110 µm Al2O3, and the others are ground with carbon separator disc, sintered diamond bur, tungsten carbide bur, and pink stone in one direction. SBS test was applied after the oxidation and veneering process. After debonding, digital microscopy investigated the surface characterizations of Co-Cr alloys. For the normality distribution of SBS measurements, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. According to the results, non-parametric tests were used in the study because the distribution was not suitable for the normal distribution, and the number of samples within the group was low in the subgroups. Kruskal Wallis and All pair-wise post hoc test (α = 0.05) were used for analysis.
Results: There was a statistical difference between the laser sintering and milling groups according to the fabrication techniques. The highest SBS value was found in the Al2O3 laser group (34.35) and the lowest in the Al2O3 casting group (17.68). Surface treatments significantly altered ceramic adhesion. Almost all subgroups exhibited mixed failure. All of the SBS values found in this study were almost clinically acceptable.
Conclusion: As different abrasives in the leveling and finishing of metal substructures may affect the metal-ceramic bonding, care should be taken in their use as much as possible.

Keywords

Shear bond strenght, metal seramic alloy, chromium-cobalt alloys, metal seramic restorations

References

• Zarone F, Russo S, Sorrentino R. From porcelain-fused-to-metal to zirconia: Clinical and experimental considerations. Dent Mater. 2011; 27: 83-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.024.
• Pretti M, Hilgert E, Bottino MA, Avelar RP. Evaluation of the shear bond strength of the union between two CoCr-alloys and a dental ceramic. J Appl Oral Sci. 2004;12:280-284. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572004000400005.
• Wu Y, Moser JB, Jameson LM, Malone WFP. The effect of oxidation heat treatment on porcelain bond strength in selected base metal alloys. J Prosthet Dent. 1991; 66: 439-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(91)90502-N.
• Eliasson A, Arnelund CF, Johansson A. A clinical evaluation of cobalt-chromium metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures and crowns: A three- to seven-year retrospective study. J Prosthet Dent. 2007; 98: 6-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(07)60032-8.
• Roberts HW, Berzins DW, Moore BK, Charlton DG. Metal-ceramic alloys in dentistry: A review. J Prosthodont. 2009; 18: 188-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2008.00377.x.
• Kovalev AI, Vainshtein DL, Mishina VP, Titov VI, Moiseev VF, Tolochko NK. Selective laser sintering of steel powders to obtain products based on SAPR-models. Metallurgist. 2000; 44: 206-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02466080.
• Işeri U, Özkurt Z, Kazazoǧlu E. Shear bond strengths of veneering porcelain to cast, machined and lasersintered titanium. Dent Mater J. 2011; 30: 274-80. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2010-101.
• Joias RM, Tango RN, de Araujo JEJ, de Araujo MAJ, de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni Saavedra G, de Arruda Paes-Junior TJ, Kimpara ET. Shear bond strength of a ceramic to Co-Cr alloys. J Prosthet Dent. 2008; 99: 54-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60009-8.
• Bagby M, Marshall SJ, Marshall GW. Metal ceramic compatibility: A review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 1990; 63: 21-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(90)90259-F.
• Wataha JC, Messer RL. Casting alloys. Dent. Clin. North Am. 2004. p. 499-512.
• Li J, Ye X, Li B, Liao J, Zhuang P, Ye J. Effect of oxidation heat treatment on the bond strength between a ceramic and cast and milled cobalt-chromium alloys. Eur J Oral Sci. 2015;123:297-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12199.
• Bagis B, Oztas D. The effect of different metal surface grindings in the metal-ceramic bond strength. Internet J Dent Sci. 2012; 6: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5580/96.
• Yoo SY, Kim SK, Heo SJ, Koak JY, Kim JG. Effects of bonding agents on metal-ceramic bond strength of co-cr alloys fabricated by selective laser melting. Materials (Basel). 2020; 13: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194322.
• Hamza G, Sallam H, Eldwakhly E. Effect of surface treatment of milled cobalt–chromium alloy on shear bond strength to porcelain. J Arab Soc Med Res. 2019; 14: 113. https://doi.org/10.4103/jasmr.jasmr_24_19.
• Cevik P, Karacam N, Eraslan O, Sari Z. Effects of different surface treatments on shear bond strength between ceramic systems and metal brackets. J Adhes Sci Technol. 2017; 31: 1105-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2016.1245074.
• Kilinç HI, Kesim B, Gümüş H önder, Dinçel M, Erkaya S. Effects of metal surface grinding at the porcelain try-in stage of fixed dental prostheses. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014; 6: 317-24. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2014.6.4.317.
• Pişkin B, Sipahi C, Ayyildiz S, Günay Y. Assessment of thicknesses and color properties of opaque porcelain layers applied by different dental technicians. Gulhane Med J. 2014;56: 199-205. https://doi.org/10.5455/gulhane.152766.
• Hegedus C, Daróczi L, Kökényesi V, Beke DL. Comparative microstructural study of the diffusion zone between NiCr alloy and different dental ceramics. J Dent Res. 2002; 81: 334-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910208100509.
• Tholey MJ, Waddell JN, Swain M V. Influence of the bonder on the adhesion of porcelain to machined titanium as determined by the strain energy release rate. Dent Mater. 2007; 23: 822-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.022.
• Lahori M, Nagrath R, Sisodia S, Dagar P. The effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of a nonprecious alloy-ceramic interface: An invitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2014; 14: 151-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13191-013-0285-3.
• Dimitriadis K, Spyropoulos K, Papadopoulos T. Metal-ceramic bond strength between a feldspathic porcelain and a Co-Cr alloy fabricated with Direct Metal Laser Sintering technique. J Adv Prosthodont. 2018; 10: 25-31. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2018.10.1.25.
• Çiftçi Y, Canay Ş, Hersek N. Shear bond strength evaluation of different veneering systems on Ni-Cr alloys. J Prosthodont. 2007; 16: 31-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2006.00148.x.
• Wang H, Feng Q, Li N, Xu S. Evaluation of metal-ceramic bond characteristics of three dental Co-Cr alloys prepared with different fabrication techniques. J Prosthet Dent. 2016; 116: 916-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.06.002.
• Castillo-Oyagüe R, Osorio R, Osorio E, Sánchez-Aguilera F, Toledano M. The effect of surface treatments on the microroughness of laser-sintered and vacuum-cast base metal alloys for dental prosthetic frameworks. Microsc Res Tech. 2012; 75: 1206-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22050.
• Della Bona A, Van Noort R. Shear vs. Tensile bond strength of resin composite bonded to ceramic. J Dent Res. 1995; 74: 1591-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345950740091401.
• Aboushelib MN, Mirmohamadi H, Matinlinna JP, Kukk E, Ounsi HF, Salameh Z. Innovations in bonding to zirconia-based materials. Part II: Focusing on chemical interactions. Dent Mater. 2009; 25: 989-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.02.011.
• Vojdani M, Shaghaghian S, Khaledi A, Adibi S. The effect of thermal and mechanical cycling on bond strength of a ceramic to nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys. Indian J Dent Res. 2012; 23: 509-13. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.104960.
• Lombardo GHL, Nishioka RS, Souza ROA, Michida SMA, Kojima AN, Mesquita AMM, Buso L. Influence of surface treatment on the shear bond strength of ceramics fused to cobalt-chromium. J Prosthodont. 2010; 19: 103-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2009.00546.x.
• Moslehifard E, Khosronejad N, Fahimipour F. Comparison of the Effect of Nd : YAG laser and sandblasting on shear bond strength of a commercial ni-cr alloy to porcelain. 114 Jdmt. 2016; 5(3). https://doi.org/10.22038/JDMT.2016.6994.
• Nair SR, Niranjan NT. Jayasheel A, Suryakanth DB. Comparative evaluation of colour stability and surface hardness of methacrylate based flowable and packable composite -ın vitro study. 2017; 11(3): 51-4. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/21982.9576.
• Daftary F, Donovan T. Effect of four pretreatment techniques on porcelain-to-metal bond strength. J Prosthet Dent. 1986; 56(5): 535-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(86)90416-6.
• Graham JD, Johnson A, Wildgoose DG, Shareef MY, Cannavina G. The effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of a nonprecious alloy-ceramic interface. Int J Prosthodont. 1999; 12: 330-4.
• Henriques B, Faria S, Soares D, Silva FS. Hot pressing effect on the shear bond strength of dental porcelain to CoCrMoSi alloy substrates with different surface treatments. Mater Sci Eng C. 2013; 33: 557-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.10.001.