Being Pregnant during the Disaster of the Century: The Effect of the Level of Trauma after the Earthquake on Pregnancy Complaints and Quality of Life
Year 2024,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 388 - 395, 19.09.2024
Fatma Keskin Töre
,
Gülçin Nacar
,
Berfin Hatun
Abstract
Aim: The research was conducted to examine the effect of the level of trauma after the earthquake on pregnancy complaints and quality of life.
Material and Methods: The research was conducted in a descriptive manner between June 2023 and August 2023. The research was conducted with 260 pregnant women who applied to the gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinics of Malatya Training and Research Hospital in Malatya province. Data were obtained using the Personal Information Form, Scale that determines the level of the trauma after the earthquake and the Complaints During Pregnancy and their Effect on Quality of Life Scale.
Results: In the study, the average score of the Complaints During Pregnancy and their Effect on Quality of Life Scale was determined as 112.11±29.23, and the average score of Scale that determines the level of the trauma after the earthquake was determined as 66.74±13.65. In the study, those who lost any friends/neighbours during the earthquake (β-coefficient=-0.141; p=0.021), those who did not go for regular health checks after the earthquake (β-coefficient=0.144; p=0.021) and those who had a high after the earthquake trauma level (β- coefficient=0.128; p=0.038) it was determined that pregnant women had more complaints and, accordingly, their quality of life was lower.
Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that the level of trauma after the earthquake affected the complaints during pregnancy, thus affecting the quality of life. It is recommended that health professionals should not ignore the level of earthquake trauma experienced by pregnant women after disasters such as earthquakes and the impact of this trauma on pregnancy complaints and quality of life.
References
- Kvestad I, Ranjitkar S, Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Shrestha M, Shrestha L, et al. Earthquake exposure and post-traumatic stress among nepalese mothers after the 2015 earthquakes. Front Psychol. 2019; 10: 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00734
- How big were the earthquakes in Turkey, Syria? [Internet]. Al Jazeera; 2023 [Updated: 2023 February 8; Cited: 2023 October 20]. Available from:https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/8/infographic-how-big-were-the-earthquakes-in-turkey-syria
- 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake [Internet]. Wikipedia; 2023 [Updated: 2023 10 April; Cited: 2023 October 20]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquake
- Petersen G, Büyükakpinar P, Vera F, Metz M, Saul J, Cesca S, et al. Rupture processes of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake sequence : Main- and aftershocks [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-17609.html
- Depremlerdeki can kaybı 50 bin 96’ya yükseldi [Internet]. Hürriyet com.tr; 2023 [Updated: 2023 March 20; Cited: 2023 October 15]. Available from: https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-afad-baskani-sezer-acikladi-depremde-hayatini-kaybedenlerin-sayisi-50-bin-96ya-yukseldi-42237349
- Ren J, Jiang X, Yao J, Li X, Liu X, Pang M. Depression, social support and coping styles among pregnant women after the lushan earthquake in Ya ’an, China. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0135809. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135809
- Mary J, Derivois D, Cedex B. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. J Affect Disord. 2014; 159: 111-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025
- Cansel N, Ucuz I. Post-Traumatic Stress and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in the Early Stage Following the 2020 Malatya-Elazig Earthquake. Konuralp Med Journal. 2022; 14(1): 81-91. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1000636
- Hawkins G, Gullam J, Belluscio L. The effect of a major earthquake experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth. Aust New Zeal J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019; 59: 82-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12797
- Cheng Z, Ma N, Yang L, Agho K, Stevens G, Raphael B, et al. Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in temporary settlement residents 1 year after the sichuan earthquake. Asia-Pacific J Public Heal. 2015; 27(2): 1962-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513485971
- Partash N, Naghipour B, Hesam S, Pashaei Y, Arjmand A, Ashegvatan A, et al. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology The impact of fl ood on pregnancy outcomes : A review article. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61(1): 10-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2021.11.005
- Türkiye Depremi Durum Raporu 4 [Internet]. UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund); 2023 [Updated: 2023 March 3; Cited: 2023 October 17]. Available from: https://turkiye.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/turkiye_tr_sitrep4.pdf
- Suzuki S, Sato N, Miyazaki M. Resilience of pregnant and postpartum women a ff ected by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake : A qualitative study. Heal Emerg Disaster Nurs. 2022; 9(1): 38-48. https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2020-0012
- Grekin R, Brock RL, Hara MWO. The effects of trauma on perinatal depression: Examining trajectories of depression from pregnancy through 24 months postpartum in an at-risk population. J Affect Disord. 2017; 218: 269-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.051
- James DCS, Harville C, Efunbumi O, Martin MY. Health literacy issues surrounding weight management among African American women : a mixed methods study. 2014; 28(s2): 41-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12239
- Harville EW, Beitsch L, Uejio CK, Sherchan S, Lichtveld MY. Assessing the effects of disasters and their aftermath on pregnancy and infant outcomes : A conceptual model. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2021; 62: 102415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102415
- Mesrkanlou HA, Hezaveh SJG, Tahmasebi S, Nikniaz Z, Nikniaz L. The effect of an earthquake experienced during pregnancy on maternal health and birth outcomes. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022; 17: e157.
- Akpınar FZ, Apay SE. Gebelikte yaşanan distres ile gebelikteki yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg. 2020; 17(4): 550-61. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.683745
- Traylor CS, Johnson JD, Kimmel MC, Manuck TA. Expert review effects of psychological stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes and nonpharmacologic approaches for reduction : an expert review. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020; 2(4): 100229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100229
- Tanhan F, Kayri M. Deprem sonrası travma düzeyini belirleme ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilim. 2013; 13(2): 1013-25.
- Foxcroft KF, Callaway LK, Byrne NM, Webster J. Development and validation of a pregnancy symptoms inventory. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013; 13: 3. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/13/3
- Gür Ey, Pasinlioğlu T. Gebelikteki yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi ölçeği: Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Mesl Yüksekokulu Derg. 2021; 9(2): 482-97. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.822370
- Yılmaz AN, Doğan Yüksekol Ö, Baltacı N, Ulucan M. Gebelikte fizyolojik yakınmalarla yaşam kalitesi ve gebeliğe uyum arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: bir üniversite hastanesi örneği. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folk Tıp Derg. 2023; 13(2): 408-18. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1202252
- Akpınar FZ, Apay SE. Gebelikte yaşanan distres ile gebelikteki yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg. 2020; 17(4): 550-61. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.683745
- Aksoy Derya Y, Özşahin Z, Tuba U, Erdemoğlu Ç, Ünver H. Gebelikteki yakınmaların yaşam kalitesine etkisi ile psikososyal sağlık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Turkish J Fam Med Prim Care. 2018; 12(3): 171-7. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.452447
- Karabacak Çelik A. Deprem sonrası travma belirtileri, umut ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. TRT Akad. 2023; 8(18): 574-91. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1275268
- Kardaş F, Tanhan F. Van depremini yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinin travma sonrası stres, travma sonrası büyüme ve umutsuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. YYÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Derg. 2018; 15(1): 1-36.
- Uwishema O. Addressing the effects of the earthquakes on Türkiye’s health-care system. Lancet. 2023; 401(10378): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00326-4
- Chan CLW, Wang CW, Ho AHY, Qu ZY, Wang XY, Ran MS, et al. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among bereaved and non-bereaved survivors following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. J Anxiety Disord. 2012; 26(6): 673-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.002
- Ahmed SK, Dhama K, Abdulqadir SO, Omar RM, Ahmed DR, Chakraborty C, et al. The mental health of people in Turkey-Syria earthquake-affected areas needs urgent attention. Asian J Psychiatr. 2023; 84: 103573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103573
- Tuncer SK, Kasimoğlu N. Gebelerde distres ile gebelikte yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki the correlation between distress in pregnancy and complaints and quality of life during pregnancy. J Midwifery Heal Sci. 2022; 5(3): 114-21. https://doi.org/10.5152/JMHS.2022.221629
- Kyozuka H, Murata T, Yasuda S, Ishii K, Fujimori K, Goto A, et al. The Effects of the great east japan earthquake on perinatal outcomes: results of the pregnancy and birth survey in the fukushima health management survey. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2022; 32(24): 4043-8. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20210444
- Dong X, Qu Z, Liu F, Jiang X, Wang Y, Hiu C, et al. Depression and its risk factors among pregnant women in 2008 Sichuan earthquake area and non-earthquake struck area in China. J Affect Disord. 2013; 151(2): 566-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.048
Asrın Felaketinde Gebe Olmak: Deprem Sonrası Travma Düzeyinin Gebelik Yakınmaları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Year 2024,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 388 - 395, 19.09.2024
Fatma Keskin Töre
,
Gülçin Nacar
,
Berfin Hatun
Abstract
Amaç: Araştırma, deprem sonrası travma düzeyinin gebelik yakınmaları ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, Haziran 2023–Ağustos 2023 tarihleri arasında tanımlayıcı türde yapıldı. Araştırma, Malatya ilinde bulunan Malatya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniklerine başvuran 260 gebe kadın ile yürütüldü. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Deprem Sonrası Travma Düzeyini Belirleme Ölçeği ve Gebelikteki Yakınmalar ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edildi.
Bulgular: Araştırmada Gebelikteki Yakınmalar ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi Ölçeği puan ortalaması 112,11±29,23 ve Deprem Sonrası Travma Düzeyini Belirleme Ölçeği puan ortalaması 66,74±13,65 olarak belirlendi. Araştırmada deprem sırasında herhangi bir arkadaş /komşu kaybeden (β-katsayısı=-0,141; p=0,021), deprem sonrası düzenli olarak sağlık kontrollerine gitmeyen (β-katsayısı =0,144; p=0,021) ve deprem sonrası travma düzeyi yüksek olan (β-sayısı=0,128; p=0,038) gebelerin yakınmalarının daha fazla olduğu ve buna bağlı olarak yaşam kalitesinin daha düşük olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Araştırmada deprem sonrası travma düzeyinin gebelikteki yakınmaları etkilediği dolayısıyla yaşam kalitesinin de etkilendiği belirlendi. Sağlık profesyonellerinin deprem gibi felaketler sonrası gebelerde yaşanan deprem travma düzeyini ve bu travmanın gebelik yakınmalarına ve yaşam kalitesine etkisini göz ardı etmemesi önerilmektedir.
Ethical Statement
Araştırmaya başlamadan önce araştırmanın yürütülebilmesi için; İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan 06.06.2023 tarihinde etik onay (Karar No: 2023/4709) ve Malatya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinden yazılı izin alındı. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce katılımcılar bilgilendirilmiş olup bilgilendirilmiş onam alındı. Araştırmada Helsinki İlkeler Deklarasyonu’na uyuldu.
Thanks
Asrın felaketinin ardından araştırmaya katılan tüm gebelere teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
References
- Kvestad I, Ranjitkar S, Ulak M, Chandyo RK, Shrestha M, Shrestha L, et al. Earthquake exposure and post-traumatic stress among nepalese mothers after the 2015 earthquakes. Front Psychol. 2019; 10: 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00734
- How big were the earthquakes in Turkey, Syria? [Internet]. Al Jazeera; 2023 [Updated: 2023 February 8; Cited: 2023 October 20]. Available from:https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/8/infographic-how-big-were-the-earthquakes-in-turkey-syria
- 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake [Internet]. Wikipedia; 2023 [Updated: 2023 10 April; Cited: 2023 October 20]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquake
- Petersen G, Büyükakpinar P, Vera F, Metz M, Saul J, Cesca S, et al. Rupture processes of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake sequence : Main- and aftershocks [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-17609.html
- Depremlerdeki can kaybı 50 bin 96’ya yükseldi [Internet]. Hürriyet com.tr; 2023 [Updated: 2023 March 20; Cited: 2023 October 15]. Available from: https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-afad-baskani-sezer-acikladi-depremde-hayatini-kaybedenlerin-sayisi-50-bin-96ya-yukseldi-42237349
- Ren J, Jiang X, Yao J, Li X, Liu X, Pang M. Depression, social support and coping styles among pregnant women after the lushan earthquake in Ya ’an, China. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0135809. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135809
- Mary J, Derivois D, Cedex B. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. J Affect Disord. 2014; 159: 111-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025
- Cansel N, Ucuz I. Post-Traumatic Stress and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in the Early Stage Following the 2020 Malatya-Elazig Earthquake. Konuralp Med Journal. 2022; 14(1): 81-91. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.1000636
- Hawkins G, Gullam J, Belluscio L. The effect of a major earthquake experienced during the first trimester of pregnancy on the risk of preterm birth. Aust New Zeal J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019; 59: 82-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12797
- Cheng Z, Ma N, Yang L, Agho K, Stevens G, Raphael B, et al. Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in temporary settlement residents 1 year after the sichuan earthquake. Asia-Pacific J Public Heal. 2015; 27(2): 1962-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539513485971
- Partash N, Naghipour B, Hesam S, Pashaei Y, Arjmand A, Ashegvatan A, et al. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology The impact of fl ood on pregnancy outcomes : A review article. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61(1): 10-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2021.11.005
- Türkiye Depremi Durum Raporu 4 [Internet]. UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund); 2023 [Updated: 2023 March 3; Cited: 2023 October 17]. Available from: https://turkiye.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/turkiye_tr_sitrep4.pdf
- Suzuki S, Sato N, Miyazaki M. Resilience of pregnant and postpartum women a ff ected by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake : A qualitative study. Heal Emerg Disaster Nurs. 2022; 9(1): 38-48. https://doi.org/10.24298/hedn.2020-0012
- Grekin R, Brock RL, Hara MWO. The effects of trauma on perinatal depression: Examining trajectories of depression from pregnancy through 24 months postpartum in an at-risk population. J Affect Disord. 2017; 218: 269-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.051
- James DCS, Harville C, Efunbumi O, Martin MY. Health literacy issues surrounding weight management among African American women : a mixed methods study. 2014; 28(s2): 41-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12239
- Harville EW, Beitsch L, Uejio CK, Sherchan S, Lichtveld MY. Assessing the effects of disasters and their aftermath on pregnancy and infant outcomes : A conceptual model. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct. 2021; 62: 102415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102415
- Mesrkanlou HA, Hezaveh SJG, Tahmasebi S, Nikniaz Z, Nikniaz L. The effect of an earthquake experienced during pregnancy on maternal health and birth outcomes. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022; 17: e157.
- Akpınar FZ, Apay SE. Gebelikte yaşanan distres ile gebelikteki yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg. 2020; 17(4): 550-61. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.683745
- Traylor CS, Johnson JD, Kimmel MC, Manuck TA. Expert review effects of psychological stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes and nonpharmacologic approaches for reduction : an expert review. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020; 2(4): 100229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100229
- Tanhan F, Kayri M. Deprem sonrası travma düzeyini belirleme ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilim. 2013; 13(2): 1013-25.
- Foxcroft KF, Callaway LK, Byrne NM, Webster J. Development and validation of a pregnancy symptoms inventory. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013; 13: 3. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/13/3
- Gür Ey, Pasinlioğlu T. Gebelikteki yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi ölçeği: Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Mesl Yüksekokulu Derg. 2021; 9(2): 482-97. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.822370
- Yılmaz AN, Doğan Yüksekol Ö, Baltacı N, Ulucan M. Gebelikte fizyolojik yakınmalarla yaşam kalitesi ve gebeliğe uyum arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: bir üniversite hastanesi örneği. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folk Tıp Derg. 2023; 13(2): 408-18. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1202252
- Akpınar FZ, Apay SE. Gebelikte yaşanan distres ile gebelikteki yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Derg. 2020; 17(4): 550-61. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.683745
- Aksoy Derya Y, Özşahin Z, Tuba U, Erdemoğlu Ç, Ünver H. Gebelikteki yakınmaların yaşam kalitesine etkisi ile psikososyal sağlık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Turkish J Fam Med Prim Care. 2018; 12(3): 171-7. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.452447
- Karabacak Çelik A. Deprem sonrası travma belirtileri, umut ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. TRT Akad. 2023; 8(18): 574-91. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1275268
- Kardaş F, Tanhan F. Van depremini yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinin travma sonrası stres, travma sonrası büyüme ve umutsuzluk düzeylerinin incelenmesi. YYÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Derg. 2018; 15(1): 1-36.
- Uwishema O. Addressing the effects of the earthquakes on Türkiye’s health-care system. Lancet. 2023; 401(10378): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00326-4
- Chan CLW, Wang CW, Ho AHY, Qu ZY, Wang XY, Ran MS, et al. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among bereaved and non-bereaved survivors following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. J Anxiety Disord. 2012; 26(6): 673-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.05.002
- Ahmed SK, Dhama K, Abdulqadir SO, Omar RM, Ahmed DR, Chakraborty C, et al. The mental health of people in Turkey-Syria earthquake-affected areas needs urgent attention. Asian J Psychiatr. 2023; 84: 103573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103573
- Tuncer SK, Kasimoğlu N. Gebelerde distres ile gebelikte yakınmalar ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki the correlation between distress in pregnancy and complaints and quality of life during pregnancy. J Midwifery Heal Sci. 2022; 5(3): 114-21. https://doi.org/10.5152/JMHS.2022.221629
- Kyozuka H, Murata T, Yasuda S, Ishii K, Fujimori K, Goto A, et al. The Effects of the great east japan earthquake on perinatal outcomes: results of the pregnancy and birth survey in the fukushima health management survey. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2022; 32(24): 4043-8. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20210444
- Dong X, Qu Z, Liu F, Jiang X, Wang Y, Hiu C, et al. Depression and its risk factors among pregnant women in 2008 Sichuan earthquake area and non-earthquake struck area in China. J Affect Disord. 2013; 151(2): 566-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.048