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Histopathologic Profile of Ocular Lesions in A Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 377 - 384, 24.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1609693

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of histopathological specimens obtained from surgically excised ocular surface lesions and to determine the concordance rate between preliminary clinical diagnoses and final histopathological findings. Additionally, the role of histopathological analysis in guiding diagnostic processes and contributing to clinical decision-making was emphasized.
Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between 2011 and 2022 at the Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine. A total of 1116 tissue specimens obtained via surgical excision for ocular pathology were included. Demographic data (such as age and sex), preliminary clinical diagnoses, and histopathological results were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy and concordance between clinical impressions and pathological findings were systematically assessed.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.1 years (range: 4–95), with females comprising 60.4% of the cohort. The overall concordance rate between clinical and histopathological diagnoses was 75.1%. Diagnostic accuracy for malignancies was remarkably high at 98.9%. Xanthelasma was the most frequently observed lesion (12.8%), while sebaceous carcinoma, sebaceous hyperplasia, and steatocytoma were among the rarest, each accounting for only 0.09% of cases. The overall malignancy rate was calculated as 4.7%.
Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation is indispensable not only for confirming definitive diagnoses but also for establishing appropriate treatment strategies, guiding clinical management, and improving long-term patient outcomes. Therefore, integrating pathological verification with clinical assessments is essential for safe, accurate, and effective management of ocular surface lesions.

References

  • Connelly CF, Desai N, Cimic A, Gonzalez AA, Baskota SU. A six-year comprehensive review of eye cytology cases received at a tertiary level hospital. Diagn Cytopathol. 2024;52(9):511-8.
  • Mejía LF, Zapata M, Gil JC. An unexpected incidence of ocular surface neoplasia on pterygium surgery. A retrospective clinical and histopathological report. Cornea. 2021;40(8):1002-6.
  • Moshtaghion SM, Abolhosseini M, Rezaei Kanavi M, Hosseini SB, Rezaei Kanavi M. Impression cytology for detection of clinically suspected ocular surface disorders: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(3):943-50.
  • Alkatan HM, Alshomar KM, Helmi HA, Alhothali WM, Alshalan AM. Conjunctival lesions: a 5-year basic demographic data and clinicopathological review in a tertiary eye care hospital. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2022;12(1):25-39.
  • Bastola P, Koirala S, Pokhrel G, Ghimire P, Adhikari RK. A clinico-histopathological study of orbital and ocular lesions; a multicenter study. J Chitwan Med Coll. 2013;3(2):40-4.
  • Sheikh SA, Ganguly S, Das J, Das SS, Phukan A. Spectrum of ocular lesions in a tertiary care centre: a five year retrospective study. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4(5):1355-60.
  • de Nadai Barros J, Lowen MS, de Moraes-Filho MN, Martins MC. Use of impression cytology for the detection of unsuspected ocular surface squamous neoplasia cells in pterygia. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2014;77(5):305-9.
  • Raina B, Mahajan S, Kai S. Clinical profile and histo-pathological profile of peri-ocular lesions. Int J Res Med Sci. 2022;10(7):1460.
  • Deprez M, Uffer S. Clinicopathological features of eyelid skin tumors. A retrospective study of 5504 cases and review of literature. Am J Dermatopathol. 2009;31(3):256-62.
  • Nair PA, Singhal R. Xanthelasma palpebrarum - a brief review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;11:1-5.
  • Rai A, Karki S, Sah SP, Kamat LN, Pradhan M. Dyslipidemia in patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum visiting the department of dermatology of a tertiary care centre: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022;60(250):529-32.
  • Sekikawa A, Fukui H, Maruo T, Tsumura T, Kanesaka T, Okabe Y, et al. Gastric xanthelasma may be a warning sign for the presence of early gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(5):951-6.
  • Özdöl S, Şahin S, Tokgözoǧlu L. Xanthelasma palpebrarum and its relation to atherosclerotic risk factors and lipoprotein (a). Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(8):785-9.
  • Sthapit PR, Amatya M, Gurung HB, Saiju R. Clinicopathologic presentation and management of malignant orbito-ocular tumors at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Nepalese J Ophthalmol. 2021;13(2):11-20.

Üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastanede Oküler Lezyonların Histopatolojik Profili: Retrospektif Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 377 - 384, 24.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1609693

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, oküler yüzey lezyonlarına ait cerrahi olarak çıkarılmış histopatolojik örneklerin epidemiyolojik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve klinik ön tanı ile histopatolojik tanılar arasındaki uyum oranının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda histopatolojik incelemenin tanısal süreçlerdeki rolü ve hasta yönetimine katkısı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif kesitsel araştırma, 2011 ile 2022 yılları arasında Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları ile Tıbbi Patoloji Anabilim Dalları’nın iş birliğiyle yürütülmüştür. Oküler patoloji nedeniyle cerrahi eksizyon yapılan ve histopatolojik değerlendirme için gönderilen toplam 1116 örnek incelenmiştir. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik bilgileri, klinik ön tanıları ve histopatolojik tanıları retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Klinik tanılar ile histopatolojik bulgular karşılaştırılarak tanısal doğruluk ve uyum değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Olguların yaş ortalaması 53,1 olup (yaş aralığı 4–95), %60,4’ü kadın hastalardan oluşmaktaydı. Klinik ön tanı ile histopatolojik tanı arasında %75,1 oranında uyum saptanmıştır. Malignite tanılarındaki doğruluk oranı oldukça yüksektir (%98,9). En sık rastlanan lezyon ksantelazma olup (%12,8), sebase karsinom, sebase hiperplazi ve steatositoma en nadir görülen lezyonlar olarak her biri %0,09 oranında tespit edilmiştir. Genel malignite oranı %4,7’dir.
Sonuç: Histopatolojik inceleme, yalnızca kesin tanıya ulaşmak için değil; aynı zamanda etkili tedavi planlaması, klinik yönetimin yönlendirilmesi ve hasta prognozunun iyileştirilmesi açısından da vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur. Bu nedenle, klinik gözlemlerle birlikte patolojik doğrulama yapılması, oküler yüzey lezyonlarında güvenilir hasta yönetimi için kritik öneme sahiptir.

Ethical Statement

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Hastanesi Yerel Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır. (Karar no: 2022/105 tarih : 14.04.2022)

Supporting Institution

RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

References

  • Connelly CF, Desai N, Cimic A, Gonzalez AA, Baskota SU. A six-year comprehensive review of eye cytology cases received at a tertiary level hospital. Diagn Cytopathol. 2024;52(9):511-8.
  • Mejía LF, Zapata M, Gil JC. An unexpected incidence of ocular surface neoplasia on pterygium surgery. A retrospective clinical and histopathological report. Cornea. 2021;40(8):1002-6.
  • Moshtaghion SM, Abolhosseini M, Rezaei Kanavi M, Hosseini SB, Rezaei Kanavi M. Impression cytology for detection of clinically suspected ocular surface disorders: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(3):943-50.
  • Alkatan HM, Alshomar KM, Helmi HA, Alhothali WM, Alshalan AM. Conjunctival lesions: a 5-year basic demographic data and clinicopathological review in a tertiary eye care hospital. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2022;12(1):25-39.
  • Bastola P, Koirala S, Pokhrel G, Ghimire P, Adhikari RK. A clinico-histopathological study of orbital and ocular lesions; a multicenter study. J Chitwan Med Coll. 2013;3(2):40-4.
  • Sheikh SA, Ganguly S, Das J, Das SS, Phukan A. Spectrum of ocular lesions in a tertiary care centre: a five year retrospective study. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4(5):1355-60.
  • de Nadai Barros J, Lowen MS, de Moraes-Filho MN, Martins MC. Use of impression cytology for the detection of unsuspected ocular surface squamous neoplasia cells in pterygia. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2014;77(5):305-9.
  • Raina B, Mahajan S, Kai S. Clinical profile and histo-pathological profile of peri-ocular lesions. Int J Res Med Sci. 2022;10(7):1460.
  • Deprez M, Uffer S. Clinicopathological features of eyelid skin tumors. A retrospective study of 5504 cases and review of literature. Am J Dermatopathol. 2009;31(3):256-62.
  • Nair PA, Singhal R. Xanthelasma palpebrarum - a brief review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;11:1-5.
  • Rai A, Karki S, Sah SP, Kamat LN, Pradhan M. Dyslipidemia in patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum visiting the department of dermatology of a tertiary care centre: a descriptive cross-sectional study. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022;60(250):529-32.
  • Sekikawa A, Fukui H, Maruo T, Tsumura T, Kanesaka T, Okabe Y, et al. Gastric xanthelasma may be a warning sign for the presence of early gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(5):951-6.
  • Özdöl S, Şahin S, Tokgözoǧlu L. Xanthelasma palpebrarum and its relation to atherosclerotic risk factors and lipoprotein (a). Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(8):785-9.
  • Sthapit PR, Amatya M, Gurung HB, Saiju R. Clinicopathologic presentation and management of malignant orbito-ocular tumors at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Nepalese J Ophthalmol. 2021;13(2):11-20.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma Sümer 0000-0002-4146-8190

Çiğdem Öztürk 0000-0003-2587-214X

Publication Date September 24, 2025
Submission Date December 30, 2024
Acceptance Date July 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Sümer F, Öztürk Ç. Üçüncü Basamak Bir Hastanede Oküler Lezyonların Histopatolojik Profili: Retrospektif Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. VHS. 2025;15(3):377-84.