Spinal Musküler Atrofi (SMA) ve Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 131 - 140, 29.09.2021

Mücahit Muslu

Abstract

Spinal musküler atrofi hastalığı dört farklı tipi bulunan nöromusküler bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın tedavisinde ilaç ve gen tedavisi gibi yöntemler kullanılmakla beraber kanıtlanmış net bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Tedavi genel olarak hastalığın semptomlarını kontrol altına almaya dayanmaktadır. Beslenme sorunlarının başında yutma güçlüğü, gastroözofageal reflü ve gastrointestinal disfonksiyon gelmektedir. Hastalık tiplerine göre değişen bu sorunlar hastanın büyüme ve gelişimini olumsuz etkilediği gibi diğer semptomları tetikleyerek hastanın yaşam kalitesini düşürmektedir. Beslenme sorunlarının önlenmesi ve hastalığın yönetimi için hastanın semptomlarına göre bireyselleştirilmiş tıbbi beslenme tedavisi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu tedavi, multidisipliner bir ekip tarafından hazırlanmakta ve uzman diyetisyenler tarafından takip edilmektedir. Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi yönetimi detaylı anamnez alımı, antropometrik, kimyasal ve laboratuvar bulgularının değerlendirilmesi, enerji ve besin ögeleri gereksinimlerinin hesaplanması, uygun beslenme yolunun seçilip uygulanması, yakından takip ve değerlendirme şeklinde yapılmaktadır. Bu süreçte hastanın enerji gereksinimi hesaplanırken hastalar için geliştirilmiş özel formüllerin kullanılması önerilmektedir. Hastalarda uygulanabilecek diyet çeşitleri ve diyetin içeriği üzerine yapılmış çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Tıbbi beslenme tedavisinde temel yaklaşım diyetisyen tarafından yakın takip ile antropometrik ve biyokimyasal bulgulara dayanarak diyetinin düzenlenmesi ve kontrolüne dayanmaktadır. Hastalarda optimal beslenmenin gerekliliklerinin belirlenebilmesi için acil olarak iyi planlanmış ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

Spinal musküler atrofi, Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi, Beslenme

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and Medical Nutrition Therapy

Abstract

Spinal muscular atrophy disease is a neuromuscular disease with four different types. Although methods such as drug and gene therapy are used in the treatment of the disease, there is no proven treatment. Treatment is generally based on controlling the symptoms of the disease. Difficulty in swallowing, gastroesophageal reflux and gastrointestinal dysfunction are the leading nutritional problems. These problems, which vary according to the disease’s type, affect the growth and development of the patient negatively and reduce the patient’s quality of life by triggering other symptoms. Medical nutrition therapy, individualized according to the patient’s symptoms, is of great importance for the prevention of nutritional problems and the management of the disease. This treatment is prepared by a multidisciplinary team and followed by expert dietitians. Medical nutrition therapy management is carried out in the form of detailed anamnesis, evaluation of anthropometric, chemical and laboratory findings, calculation of energy and nutrient requirements, choosing and applying the appropriate nutrition route, close monitoring and evaluation. In this process, it is recommended to use special formulas developed for patients while calculating the patient’s energy requirement. Studies on the types of diet that can be applied to patients and the content of the diet are quite limited. The basic approach in medical nutrition treatment is based on close follow-up by the dietician and the regulation and control of the diet based on anthropometric and biochemical findings. Well-planned further studies are urgently needed to determine the requirements for optimal nutrition in patients.

Keywords

Spinal muscular atrophy, Medical nutrition therapy, Nutrition

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