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Almanya sağlık sistemi COVID-19 pandemisi durum analizi

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 156 - 162, 01.06.2021

Abstract

İlk vakaların Aralık 2019' da Çin'in Wuhan şehrinden bildirilmesiyle, Yeni Corona Virüs hastalığı (Covid-19) küresel olarak hızlı bir yayılım gösterdi. Bu durumu Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 11 Mart 2020 tarihinde “küresel salgın” ilan ederek yeni tanımlanan bu Yeni Corona Virüsün insandan insana damlacık ve yakın temas yoluyla hızlı bulaş gösterdiğini bildirdi. Virüsün ilk tespitinden Mayıs 2020 tarihine kadar, dünya çapında 3 milyondan fazla Covid-19 vakası onaylandı. Bu pandemi tüm dünya ülkelerini etkilediği gibi Avrupa’nın en güçlü ekonomi ve sağlık sistemi olan Almanya’yı da etkiledi. Ancak Almanya özellikle hastane yatak kapasitelerini yeterli seviyede tutması, yüksek test sayısı ve Covid-19 ölüm oranlarının diğer Avrupa ülkelerine kıyasla düşük seviyede olması ile pandemi sürecinde Batı medyasının sürekli övgüyle bahis ettiği ülke oldu. Bu makalede, Almanya ülkesinin Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde uyguladığı pandemi stratejileri, kriz yönetimi ve uygulamaları analiz edildi.

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References

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  • 2. Gezgüç, G.M., Duman,D. (2020). Pandemiyle Mücadele ve Siyasi Liderlerin Tutumları: ABD, Almanya, Brezilya ve Yeni Zelanda Karşılaştırması. ASEAD, 7(7), 253-275.
  • 3. Kocaeli Ticaret Odası, (2019), Almanya ülke raporu, Erişim tarihi (20/04/2020) , http://koto.org.tr/images/upload/df5b9f3ec1f5558f002b4fee4130b6ab.pdf.
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  • 5. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), (2018), Health care in Germany: The German health care system, Erişim tarihi (20/04/2020), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK298834/ .
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  • 11. Destatis Statistisches Bundesamt, (2020), High hospital bed density in Germany compared with other countries, Erişim tarihi (10/04/2020), https://www.destatis.de/EN/Press/2020/04/PE20_119_231.html.
  • 12. Eliaçık, Z., (2020), Almanya Koronavirüs ile Nasıl Mücadele Ediyor, Erişim tarihi (11/04/2020), https://www.setav.org.
  • 13. Sarı, A., (2020), Almanya’nın Kovid-19 karnesi, Erişim tarihi (29/04/2020), a. https://www.ha-ber.com/almanyanin-kovid-19-karnesi/143465/.
  • 14. Robert Koch Institut., (2020), Aktueller Lage-/Situationsbericht des RKI zu COVID-19, Erişim tarihi (07/05/2020), https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Situationsberichte/Gesamt.html.
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  • 18. Bayraklı, E. ve Erol, K., (2020), Koronavirüsün Avrupa’da Neden Olduğu Siyasi Gerilimler, Erişim tarihi (15/04/2020), https://www.setav.org/.
  • 19. Die Bundesregierung, (2020), Besprechung der Bundeskanzlerin mit den Regierungschefinnen und Regierungschefs der Länder am 22. März 2020., Erişim tarihi (25/03/2020), https://www.bundesregierung.de/resource/blob/975226/1733246/e6d6ae0e89a7ffea1ebf6f32cf472736/2020-03-22-mpk-data.pdf?download=1.
  • 20. Anadolu Ajansı, (2020), Berlin'de sürücülere yönelik Kovid-19 test istasyonu kuruldu, Erişim tarihi (05/05/2020), https://www.sondakika.com/haber/haber-berlin-de-suruculere-yonelik-kovid-19-test-13165621/.
  • 21. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, (2018), Beschäftigte in der Pflege Pflegekräfte nach SGB XI – Soziale Pflegeversicherung, Erişim tarihi (05/05/2020), https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/themen/pflege/pflegekraefte/beschaeftigte.html.
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  • 23. OECD Health Statistics: Health care resources, (2018), OECD Data: Nurses, Erişim tarihi (11/05/2020), https://data.oecd.org/healthres/nurses.htm.
  • 24. Bundesaerztekammer, (2018), Montgomery: Es ist höchste Zeit, den Ärztemangel ernsthaft zu bekämpfen, Erişim tarihi (01/05/2020), https://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/ueber-uns/aerztestatistik/aerztestatistik-2018.
  • 25. Gabor Steingart, G., (2020), Focus Online “Aus Zweifeln Wird Widerstand: Shutdown-Politik der Regierung gerät unter Druck”, Erişim tarihi (15/04/2020), https://draxler1.wordpress.com/2020/03/27/aus-zweifeln-wird-widerstand-shutdown-politik-der-regierung-geraet-unter-druck/.
  • 26. Kursumovic , E., S. Lennane, S. and Cook, T.M. (2020). Deaths in Healthcare Workers Due to COVID-19: The Need For Robust Data And Analysis, Anaesthesia, 75, 989–992.
  • 27. Heneghan,C.,Oke, J.,Jefferson, T, (2020), COVID-19 How many Healthcare workers are infected?, Erişim tarihi (30/08/2020), https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-how-many-healthcare-workers-are-infected/.
  • 28. Die Bundesregierung, (2020), Beschlüsse von Bund und Ländern "Wir müssen ganz konzentriert weiter machen", Erişim tarihi (10/05/2020), https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/coronavirus/bund-laender-corona-1744306.

German health system situation analysis in COVID-19 pandemic

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 156 - 162, 01.06.2021

Abstract

The new Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, with early cases reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Declaring this situation a “global epidemic” on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that this newly identified new Coronavirus is rapidly transmitted from person to person through droplets and close contact. More than 3 million cases of Covid-19 have been confirmed worldwide, from the initial detection of the virus until May 2020. This pandemic affects all countries in the world, as well as Germany, which has the most powerful economy and health system in Europe. However, Germany is the country that has been praised by the W estern media during the pandemic process, especially with a suf ficient
level hospital bed capacity , a large number of tests and a low mortality rate on Covid-19 compared to other European countries.This article analyzed the pandemic strategies, crisis management and practices applied by the German state during the Covid-19 pandemic process.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization , (2020), Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) Kontrol Paneli, Erişim tarihi (15/04/2020), https://covid19.who.int .
  • 2. Gezgüç, G.M., Duman,D. (2020). Pandemiyle Mücadele ve Siyasi Liderlerin Tutumları: ABD, Almanya, Brezilya ve Yeni Zelanda Karşılaştırması. ASEAD, 7(7), 253-275.
  • 3. Kocaeli Ticaret Odası, (2019), Almanya ülke raporu, Erişim tarihi (20/04/2020) , http://koto.org.tr/images/upload/df5b9f3ec1f5558f002b4fee4130b6ab.pdf.
  • 4. Kuruca, M, (2012), Genel Sağlık Sigortası, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • 5. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), (2018), Health care in Germany: The German health care system, Erişim tarihi (20/04/2020), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK298834/ .
  • 6. Germany Health Insurance System, (2017), German Healthcare Statistics, Erişim tarihi (22/04/2020), https://www.germanyhis.com/german-healthcare-statistics/.
  • 7. Gülşen, A., (2018), Almanya’da Sağlık Sistemi, Erişim tarihi (22/04/2020), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328465407.
  • 8. Destatis Statistisches Bundesamt, (2020), Pressemitteilung Nr. N 011 vom 13. März 2020, Erişim tarihi (25/04/2020), https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2020/03/PD20_N011_231.html.
  • 9. World Health Organization, (2017), Global Health Observatory Data Repository, Erişim tarihi (20/04/2020), https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.GHEDCHEpcUSSHA2011v?lang=en.
  • 10. Die Bundesregierung, (2020), Pressekonferenz von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel, Bundesgesundheitsminister Spahn und RKI-Chef Wieler, Erişim tarihi (10/04/2020), https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/suche/pressekonferenz-von-bundeskanzlerin-merkel-bundesgesundheitsminister-spahn-und-rki-chef-wieler-1729940.
  • 11. Destatis Statistisches Bundesamt, (2020), High hospital bed density in Germany compared with other countries, Erişim tarihi (10/04/2020), https://www.destatis.de/EN/Press/2020/04/PE20_119_231.html.
  • 12. Eliaçık, Z., (2020), Almanya Koronavirüs ile Nasıl Mücadele Ediyor, Erişim tarihi (11/04/2020), https://www.setav.org.
  • 13. Sarı, A., (2020), Almanya’nın Kovid-19 karnesi, Erişim tarihi (29/04/2020), a. https://www.ha-ber.com/almanyanin-kovid-19-karnesi/143465/.
  • 14. Robert Koch Institut., (2020), Aktueller Lage-/Situationsbericht des RKI zu COVID-19, Erişim tarihi (07/05/2020), https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Situationsberichte/Gesamt.html.
  • 15. World Health Organization , (2020), Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 107, Erişim tarihi (07/05/2020), (https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200506covid-19-sitrep-107.pdf?sfvrsn=159c3dc_2.
  • 16. Deutscher Bundestag, (2013), Bericht zur Risikoanalyse im Bevölkerungsschutz 2012, Erişim tarihi (12/03/2020), https://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/17/120/1712051.pdf.
  • 17. Die Bundesregierung, (2020), Pressekonferenz von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel, Bundesgesundheitsminister Spahn und RKI-Chef Wieler Thema: Coronavirus, Erişim tarihi (12/03/2020), https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/suche/pressekonferenz-von-bundeskanzlerin-merkel-bundesgesundheitsminister-spahn-und-rki-chef-wieler-1729940.
  • 18. Bayraklı, E. ve Erol, K., (2020), Koronavirüsün Avrupa’da Neden Olduğu Siyasi Gerilimler, Erişim tarihi (15/04/2020), https://www.setav.org/.
  • 19. Die Bundesregierung, (2020), Besprechung der Bundeskanzlerin mit den Regierungschefinnen und Regierungschefs der Länder am 22. März 2020., Erişim tarihi (25/03/2020), https://www.bundesregierung.de/resource/blob/975226/1733246/e6d6ae0e89a7ffea1ebf6f32cf472736/2020-03-22-mpk-data.pdf?download=1.
  • 20. Anadolu Ajansı, (2020), Berlin'de sürücülere yönelik Kovid-19 test istasyonu kuruldu, Erişim tarihi (05/05/2020), https://www.sondakika.com/haber/haber-berlin-de-suruculere-yonelik-kovid-19-test-13165621/.
  • 21. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, (2018), Beschäftigte in der Pflege Pflegekräfte nach SGB XI – Soziale Pflegeversicherung, Erişim tarihi (05/05/2020), https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/themen/pflege/pflegekraefte/beschaeftigte.html.
  • 22. OECD Health Statistics: Health care resources, (2018), OECD Data: Doctors, Erişim tarihi (12/05/2020), https://data.oecd.org/healthres/doctors.htm.
  • 23. OECD Health Statistics: Health care resources, (2018), OECD Data: Nurses, Erişim tarihi (11/05/2020), https://data.oecd.org/healthres/nurses.htm.
  • 24. Bundesaerztekammer, (2018), Montgomery: Es ist höchste Zeit, den Ärztemangel ernsthaft zu bekämpfen, Erişim tarihi (01/05/2020), https://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/ueber-uns/aerztestatistik/aerztestatistik-2018.
  • 25. Gabor Steingart, G., (2020), Focus Online “Aus Zweifeln Wird Widerstand: Shutdown-Politik der Regierung gerät unter Druck”, Erişim tarihi (15/04/2020), https://draxler1.wordpress.com/2020/03/27/aus-zweifeln-wird-widerstand-shutdown-politik-der-regierung-geraet-unter-druck/.
  • 26. Kursumovic , E., S. Lennane, S. and Cook, T.M. (2020). Deaths in Healthcare Workers Due to COVID-19: The Need For Robust Data And Analysis, Anaesthesia, 75, 989–992.
  • 27. Heneghan,C.,Oke, J.,Jefferson, T, (2020), COVID-19 How many Healthcare workers are infected?, Erişim tarihi (30/08/2020), https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/covid-19-how-many-healthcare-workers-are-infected/.
  • 28. Die Bundesregierung, (2020), Beschlüsse von Bund und Ländern "Wir müssen ganz konzentriert weiter machen", Erişim tarihi (10/05/2020), https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/coronavirus/bund-laender-corona-1744306.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Muhteber Hüsmenoğlu 0000-0001-9952-651X

Berra Yılmaz Kuşaklı 0000-0002-5612-9554

Publication Date June 1, 2021
Acceptance Date November 19, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hüsmenoğlu, M., & Yılmaz Kuşaklı, B. (2021). Almanya sağlık sistemi COVID-19 pandemisi durum analizi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 8(2), 156-162.

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