Research Article
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Covid 19 pandemisinin hemşirelerin psikolojik sağlamlık anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerine etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 146 - 154, 01.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.52880/sagakaderg.1201781

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Covid19'lu bireylerin bakımına doğrudan katılan sağlık çalışanlarının bu dönemde psikolojik sıkıntı ve ruhsal sorunlar açısından risk altında olduğu bilinmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, psikolojik sağlamlık, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerini incelemek ve sosyodemografik ve pandemi ile ilişkili özellikler ile psikolojik sağlamlık, anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, tanımlayıcı, ilişki arayıcı ve kesitsel türde bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 260 hemşire oluşturmuştur.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin %68.1’inin kadın olduğu belirlendi. Katılımcıların depresyon, anksiyete ve psikolojik sağlamlık puan ortalamaları sırasıyla; 11.0±7.6, 14.7±10.9, 19.4±4.3’dür. BDE ölçek puanından 17 ve üzeri puan alan hemşire oranının %19.6 olduğu gözlenirken, BAÖ ölçek puanından 12 ve üzeri puan alan hemşire oranının %51.9 olduğu belirlendi. Hemşirelerin BDE puanı ile BAÖ puanı arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf bir korelasyon (r=0.457) (p<0.001); BDE ile PSÖ arasında ise ters (negatif) yönlü zayıf bir ilişki saptandı (r=-0.294) (p<0.001). PSÖ ile BAÖ arasında da ters (negatif) yönlü zayıf bir korelasyon olduğu belirlendi (r=-0.263) (p<0.001)
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin çoğunun hafif düzeyde anksiyete ve depresyon belirtisi olduğu, psikolojik sağlamlık puanlarının orta düzeyin üstünde olduğu saptandı. Hemşirelerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin yüksek oluşunun anksiyete ve depresyondan koruyucu rolü olduğu belirlendi.

References

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  • Öcalan, S., & Üzar-Özçetin, Y.S. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Ruminasyon ve Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 17(4):354-8.
  • Arnetz, J. E., Goetz, C. M., Arnetz, B. B., & Arble, E. (2020). Nurse reports of stressful situations during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative analysis of survey responses. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 8126.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976-e203976.
  • Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Yang, B.X., Hu, S., Zhang, K., Wang, G., Ma, C., & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 11-17.
  • Zhang, H., Shi, Y., Jing, P., Zhan, P., Fang, Y., & Wang, F. (2020). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak: a survey of a large tertiary care hospital in Wuhan. Psychiatry research, 294, 113541.
  • Cai, Z., Cui, Q., Liu, Z., Li, J., Gong, X., Liu, J., Wan, Z., Yuan, X., Li, X., Chen, C., Wang, G., 2020. Nurses endured high risks of psychological problems under the epidemic of COVID-19 in a longitudinal study in Wuhan China. Journal of psychiatric research, 131, 132-137.
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 88, 901-907.
  • Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Annals Acaemy of Medicine Singapore, 49(1), 1-3.
  • Foster, K., Roche, M., Delgado, C., Cuzzillo, C., Giandinoto, J. A., & Furness, T. (2019). Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of international literature. International journal of mental health nursing, 28(1), 71-85.
  • Lee, J. S., Ahn, Y. S., Jeong, K. S., Chae, J. H., & Choi, K. S. (2014). Resilience buffers the impact of traumatic events on the development of PTSD symptoms in firefighters. Journal of affective disorders, 162, 128-133.
  • Benedek, D. M., Fullerton, C., & Ursano, R. J. (2007). First responders: mental health consequences of natural and human-made disasters for public health and public safety workers. Annual review of public health, 28, 55.
  • Ortiz-Calvo, E., Martínez-Alés, G., Mediavilla, R., González-Gómez, E., Fernández-Jiménez, E., Bravo-Ortiz, M. F., & Moreno-Küstner, B. (2022). The role of social support and resilience in the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Spain. Journal of psychiatric research, 148, 181-187.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893.
  • Ulusoy, M., Sahin, N. H., & Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. Journal of cognitive psychotherapy, 12(2), 163.
  • Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Geçerliği, Güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23),3-13.
  • Preti, E., Di Mattei, V., Perego, G., Ferrari, F., Mazzetti, M., Taranto, P., Di Pierro R., Madeddu, F., & Calati, R. (2020). The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Current psychiatry reports, 22(8), 1-22.
  • Xiao, X., Zhu, X., Fu, S., Hu, Y., Li, X., & Xiao, J. (2020). Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 405-410.
  • Zerbini, G., Ebigbo, A., Reicherts, P., Kunz, M., & Messman, H. (2020). Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19–a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. GMS German Medical Science, 18, 1–9.
  • Bayülgen, M. Y., Bayülgen, A., Yeşil, F. H., & Türksever, H. A. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Anksiyete ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 3(1), 1-6.
  • Karabulak, H., & Kaya, F. (2021). The relationship between psychological resilience and stress perception in nurses in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Research, 29(6), e175.
  • Liu, Z., Han, B., Jiang, R., Huang, Y., Ma, C., Wen, J., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Chen, H., & Ma, Y. (2020). Mental health status of doctors and nurses during COVID-19 epidemic in China. (3/4/2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3551329 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551329
  • Emiral, E., Çevik, Z.A., & Gülümser, Ş. (2020). Covid 19 pandemisi ve intihar. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2020;5(COVID-19 Özel Sayısı):138-47. https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.762006
  • Tükel, R. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Ruh Sağliği. Türk Tabipleri Birliği. COVID-19 pandemisi altinci ay değerlendirme raporu. Istanbul, 617-628. https://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/covid19-rapor_6/covid19-rapor_6_Part71.pdf (Accessed 23th March 2021)
  • Rayani, S., Rayani, M., & Najafi-Sharjabad, F. (2022). Correlation between anxiety and resilience of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in the southwest of Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(15), 21528-21536.
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Greenberg, D. M., DiDomenico, G. E., Brown, L. A., White, L. K., Gur R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 1-8.
  • Zhang, R., Lai, J., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Hu, S., & Wang, H. (2022). Mental health outcome and resilience among aiding Wuhan nurses: One year after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 297, 348-352.
  • Labrague, L. J., & de Los Santos, J. A. A. (2021). Resilience as a mediator between compassion fatigue, nurses' work outcomes, and quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applied Nursing Research, 61, 151476.
  • Enli Tuncay, F., Koyuncu, E., & Özel, Ş. (2020). Pandemilerde sağlık çalışanlarının psikososyal sağlığını etkileyen koruyucu ve risk faktörlerine ilişkin bir derleme. Ankara Medical Journal, 20(2), 488-504.
  • Arpacıoğlu, M.S., Baltacı, Z., & Ünübol, B. (2021). Covid 19 pandemisinde sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik, covid korkusu, depresyon, mesleki doyum düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(1), 88-100.
  • Xiao, X., Zhu, X., Fu, S., Hu, Y., Li, X., & Xiao, J. (2020). Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 405-410.
  • Yılmaz Karaman, İ. G., & Yastıbaş, C. COVID-19 Pandemisinde Görev Yapan Sağlık Çalışanlarında Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Travma Sonrası Stres Belirtilerinin Sosyodemografik ve Mesleki Değişkenler ile İlişkisi. Van Tıp Dergisi, 28(2), 249-257.
  • Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F., & Sevim, C. (2020). An investigation of the psychosocial and demographic determinants of anxiety and hopelessness during COVID-19 pandemic (tur). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 23(1), 24-37.
  • Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311-312.
  • Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15-e16.
Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 146 - 154, 01.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.52880/sagakaderg.1201781

Abstract

References

  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Jianwei Wang, J., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506.
  • Öcalan, S., & Üzar-Özçetin, Y.S. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Ruminasyon ve Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 17(4):354-8.
  • Arnetz, J. E., Goetz, C. M., Arnetz, B. B., & Arble, E. (2020). Nurse reports of stressful situations during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative analysis of survey responses. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 8126.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976-e203976.
  • Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Yang, B.X., Hu, S., Zhang, K., Wang, G., Ma, C., & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 11-17.
  • Zhang, H., Shi, Y., Jing, P., Zhan, P., Fang, Y., & Wang, F. (2020). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak: a survey of a large tertiary care hospital in Wuhan. Psychiatry research, 294, 113541.
  • Cai, Z., Cui, Q., Liu, Z., Li, J., Gong, X., Liu, J., Wan, Z., Yuan, X., Li, X., Chen, C., Wang, G., 2020. Nurses endured high risks of psychological problems under the epidemic of COVID-19 in a longitudinal study in Wuhan China. Journal of psychiatric research, 131, 132-137.
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 88, 901-907.
  • Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Annals Acaemy of Medicine Singapore, 49(1), 1-3.
  • Foster, K., Roche, M., Delgado, C., Cuzzillo, C., Giandinoto, J. A., & Furness, T. (2019). Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of international literature. International journal of mental health nursing, 28(1), 71-85.
  • Lee, J. S., Ahn, Y. S., Jeong, K. S., Chae, J. H., & Choi, K. S. (2014). Resilience buffers the impact of traumatic events on the development of PTSD symptoms in firefighters. Journal of affective disorders, 162, 128-133.
  • Benedek, D. M., Fullerton, C., & Ursano, R. J. (2007). First responders: mental health consequences of natural and human-made disasters for public health and public safety workers. Annual review of public health, 28, 55.
  • Ortiz-Calvo, E., Martínez-Alés, G., Mediavilla, R., González-Gómez, E., Fernández-Jiménez, E., Bravo-Ortiz, M. F., & Moreno-Küstner, B. (2022). The role of social support and resilience in the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Spain. Journal of psychiatric research, 148, 181-187.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893.
  • Ulusoy, M., Sahin, N. H., & Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. Journal of cognitive psychotherapy, 12(2), 163.
  • Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Geçerliği, Güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23),3-13.
  • Preti, E., Di Mattei, V., Perego, G., Ferrari, F., Mazzetti, M., Taranto, P., Di Pierro R., Madeddu, F., & Calati, R. (2020). The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review of the evidence. Current psychiatry reports, 22(8), 1-22.
  • Xiao, X., Zhu, X., Fu, S., Hu, Y., Li, X., & Xiao, J. (2020). Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 405-410.
  • Zerbini, G., Ebigbo, A., Reicherts, P., Kunz, M., & Messman, H. (2020). Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19–a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. GMS German Medical Science, 18, 1–9.
  • Bayülgen, M. Y., Bayülgen, A., Yeşil, F. H., & Türksever, H. A. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Anksiyete ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 3(1), 1-6.
  • Karabulak, H., & Kaya, F. (2021). The relationship between psychological resilience and stress perception in nurses in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Nursing Research, 29(6), e175.
  • Liu, Z., Han, B., Jiang, R., Huang, Y., Ma, C., Wen, J., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Chen, H., & Ma, Y. (2020). Mental health status of doctors and nurses during COVID-19 epidemic in China. (3/4/2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3551329 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551329
  • Emiral, E., Çevik, Z.A., & Gülümser, Ş. (2020). Covid 19 pandemisi ve intihar. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2020;5(COVID-19 Özel Sayısı):138-47. https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.762006
  • Tükel, R. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Ruh Sağliği. Türk Tabipleri Birliği. COVID-19 pandemisi altinci ay değerlendirme raporu. Istanbul, 617-628. https://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/covid19-rapor_6/covid19-rapor_6_Part71.pdf (Accessed 23th March 2021)
  • Rayani, S., Rayani, M., & Najafi-Sharjabad, F. (2022). Correlation between anxiety and resilience of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in the southwest of Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(15), 21528-21536.
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Greenberg, D. M., DiDomenico, G. E., Brown, L. A., White, L. K., Gur R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 1-8.
  • Zhang, R., Lai, J., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Hu, S., & Wang, H. (2022). Mental health outcome and resilience among aiding Wuhan nurses: One year after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 297, 348-352.
  • Labrague, L. J., & de Los Santos, J. A. A. (2021). Resilience as a mediator between compassion fatigue, nurses' work outcomes, and quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applied Nursing Research, 61, 151476.
  • Enli Tuncay, F., Koyuncu, E., & Özel, Ş. (2020). Pandemilerde sağlık çalışanlarının psikososyal sağlığını etkileyen koruyucu ve risk faktörlerine ilişkin bir derleme. Ankara Medical Journal, 20(2), 488-504.
  • Arpacıoğlu, M.S., Baltacı, Z., & Ünübol, B. (2021). Covid 19 pandemisinde sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik, covid korkusu, depresyon, mesleki doyum düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(1), 88-100.
  • Xiao, X., Zhu, X., Fu, S., Hu, Y., Li, X., & Xiao, J. (2020). Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 405-410.
  • Yılmaz Karaman, İ. G., & Yastıbaş, C. COVID-19 Pandemisinde Görev Yapan Sağlık Çalışanlarında Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Travma Sonrası Stres Belirtilerinin Sosyodemografik ve Mesleki Değişkenler ile İlişkisi. Van Tıp Dergisi, 28(2), 249-257.
  • Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F., & Sevim, C. (2020). An investigation of the psychosocial and demographic determinants of anxiety and hopelessness during COVID-19 pandemic (tur). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 23(1), 24-37.
  • Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311-312.
  • Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e15-e16.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Defne Bayat This is me 0000-0003-3280-0646

Sibel Polat Olca 0000-0002-6274-6989

Publication Date March 1, 2023
Acceptance Date January 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bayat, D., & Polat Olca, S. (2023). Covid 19 pandemisinin hemşirelerin psikolojik sağlamlık anksiyete ve depresyon düzeylerine etkisi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 10(1), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.52880/sagakaderg.1201781

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