TROMBOSİTTEN ZENGİN ÜRÜNLER VE DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDEKİ UYGULANMA ALANLARI

Year 2022, , 143 - 164, 01.04.2022

Mehmet Gagari Caymaz , Lokman Onur Uyanık

https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.541936

Abstract

Otojen trombosit konsantreleri diş hekimliğinde ve çeşitli tıp alanlarında yenilikçi ve umut verici tedavi yaklaşımlarıdır. Hastanın kendi kanından üretilen trombosit bakımından zengin ürünlerin tedavi için kullanılmasının, günümüzde tercih edilen bir yöntem olduğu görülmektedir. Yumuşak ve sert dokudaki iyileşmeleri tetiklemek için uygulanan ve çeşitli proteinler ve büyüme faktörlerinin kontrollü salınımlarının gerçekleştiği bu ürünlerin, içeriğinde doğal yara iyileşmesi için gereken maddeler bulunmaktadır. Biyokimyasal bir işlem gerektirmeyen ve kolay uygulanabilen bu sistemler, hastadan elde edilen kandan, trombosit ve lökositten zengin otolog bir biyomateryal üretilmesini sağlamaktadır. Trombositler aktif olduklarında fibrin matriks içerisinde yer alır ve burada büyüme faktörlerini serbest bırakırlar. Bunlar fibrin ile birlikte yapı oluştururlar ve büyüme faktörleri doku iyileşmesini ve rejenerasyonunu stimule eder. Son 20 yılda trombositlerin yara iyileşmesi üzerindeki fizyolojik etkileri araştırılmış ve özellikle ağız cerrahisinde daha başarılı tedavilerin uygulanabildiği belirtilmiştir. Trombosit ürünlerinin elde edilmesinde farklı yöntemler mevcuttur. Bu farklılıklar santrifüj hızına ve süresine, eklenen kimyasal maddelere, oluşan supernatantlara ve çökeltilerine bağlı olarak oluşmaktadır. Bu varyasyonlar fibrin ağı yapılarında ve trombositlerin lökosit ve büyüme faktörleri içeriğinde farklılıklara neden olmaktadır. Bu ürünler incelendiği zaman her yeni üretilen ürünün kendisinden öncekine kıyasla daha gelişmiş özellikler içerdiği görülmektedir. Bu derlemede trombositten zengin ürünlerin elde edilme şekilleri, yapıları, içerikleri ve diş hekimliğinde kullanım alanları hakkında bilgi verilmek amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Trombositten zengin plazma, Trombosit kaynaklı büyüme faktörü, Trombositten zengin fibrin, Yara iyileşmesi, Oral cerrahi

Platelet Rich Products and Applications in Dentistry

Abstract

Autogenous platelet concentrates are innovative and promising therapeutic approaches in dentistry along with various medical fields. Nowadays, the use of platelet-rich products produced by the patient's own blood for the purpose of treatment is a method of preference. These products, which are applied in order to trigger soft and hard tissue improvements and controlled release of various proteins and growth factors, contain substances needed for natural healing process of a wound. These systems, which do not require a biochemical process and can be easily applied, provides the production of an autologous biomaterial rich in platelets and leukocytes from the blood obtained from the patient.
When active, the platelets are located within the fibrin matrix, where they release growth factors. They form structures together with fibrin, and growth factors stimulate tissue healing and regeneration. In the last 20 years, the physiological effects of platelets on wound healing have been investigated and it has been stated that more successful treatments can be applied especially in oral surgery. There are different methods for obtaining platelet products. These differences are the result of centrifugation speed and duration, added chemicals, supernatants and precipitates. These variations lead to differences in fibrin network structures and leukocyte and growth factor content of platelets. When these products are examined, it is seen that every newly produced product contains more advanced properties than the previous one. In this review, it is aimed to provide information about the forms, structures and contents of platelets-rich products and their usage in dentistry.

Keywords

Platelet-rich plasma, Platelet-derived growth factor, Platelet-rich fibrin, Wound healing, Surgery oral

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