Social and Cultural Factors Affecting Oral and Dental Health

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study is to emphasize sociocultural factors affecting oral and dental health behaviors and determinants and cultural perspectives of these behaviors. While evaluating health inequalities, it is important that to have cultural competence as much as communication between healthcare service providers and individuals. Professional organizations and academic units should consider sociocultural differences during delivery of healthcare and training of healthcare personnel. Materials and method: Researches were sought by using the National Library of Medicine electronic database. Data analysis was started in February 2018. The research covering the past decade between December 2007- January 2018 was scanned by using the words "cultural, oral, health, behavior". 25 studies have been examined in accordance with the criteria. Conference papers, book abstracts, researches that are not related to oral and dental health or related behaviors, do not contain social and / or cultural factors, are of methodological type, and inaccessible, were not included. The findings were examined under five titles: 1. communication-related barriers; 2. financial barriers; 3. cultural perceptions, beliefs, social popularity and acceptance towards aesthetics; 4. gender and education and 5. awareness of preventive and curative services. Results: It was seen that when predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors and cultural competence were not considered and sociocultural differences were not understood and accepted, communication between healthcare providers and patients was disrupted. Conclusion: Research shows that there is relationship between communication; socio- economic situation; cultural perception and beliefs, gender, education level, awareness and acceptance of preventive and curative oral and dental health practices.

Keywords

• Oral Health
• Social Values
• Culture
• Public Health

AĞIZ DİŞ SAĞLIĞINI ETKİLEYEN SOSYAL VE KÜLTÜREL FAKTÖRLER

Abstract

Giriş: Bu araştırmada ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışların belirleyicileri, bu davranışlarla ilişkili olan sosyokültürel etkenler ve çok kültürlü bakış açısının vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Sağlıkta eşitsizlikler değerlendirilirken hizmet sunucular ile bireyler arasındaki iletişim kadar, sağlık çalışanlarının kültürel yetkinliğe sahip olması da önemlidir. Profesyonel kuruluşlar ve akademik birimler sağlık hizmetinin sunumunda ve sağlık personelinin eğitiminde sosyal ve kültürel farklılıkları dikkate almalıdırlar. Gereç ve Yöntem: National Library of Medicine elektronik veri tabanı kullanılarak ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışları etkileyen sosyokültürel etkenleri konu alan araştırmalar aranmıştır. Verilerin analizine 2018 Şubat ayında başlanmış, 2007 Aralık-2018 Ocak ayları arasındaki geçmiş on yılı kapsayan araştırmalar “cultural, oral, health, behavior” sözcükleri ile taranmıştır. İngilizce özetine ulaşılan çalışmalardan kriterlere uygun 25 çalışma irdelenmiştir. Ağız ve diş sağlığına ya da ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışa yönelik olmayan, sosyal ve/veya kültürel etken içermeyen, metodolojik tipte olan, tam metine ulaşılamayan araştırmalar, konferans, bildiri ve kitap özetleri dâhil edilmemiştir. Bulgular beş başlıkta incelenmiştir: 1. iletişimle ilgili engeller; 2. finansal engeller; 3. estetiğe yönelik kültürel algı, inançlar, sosyal popülerlik ve kabullenilme; 4. cinsiyet ve eğitim ve 5. koruyucu ve tedavi edici hizmetlerin farkındalığı. Bulgular: Ağız ve diş sağlığı ile ilgili davranışları belirleyen hazırlayıcı, olanak sağlayıcı ve güçlendirici etkenlerin ve kültürel yetkinliğin göz önüne alınmadığı, sosyokültürel farklılıkların anlaşılmadığı ve kabullenilmediği durumlarda, sağlık hizmeti sunan personel ve hastalar arasındaki iletişimin koptuğu gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmalar, iletişim; sosyoekonomik düzey; kültürel algı ve inançlar, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ile koruyucu ve tedavi edici ağız ve diş sağlığı uygulamalarının farkındalığı ve kabullenilişi arasında ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• ağız sağlğı
• sosyal değerler
• Kültür
• Toplum sağlığı

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