Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Yaşlılarda Koah Ve Beslenme Yaklaşımları

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 78 - 90, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.417312

Abstract

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı
(KOAH) morbidite ve disabilitenin önemli bir nedenidir. Solunum sisteminde
yaşla birlikte meydana gelen; solunum kaslarının kuvvetinde azalma, akciğer
parankiminde anatomik değişiklikler gibi fizyolojik değişimlerin sonucu olarak
hava akışında, gaz değişim etkinliğinde azalmalar meydana gelir. KOAH’lı yaşlı
hastalarda negatif enerji dengesi ve negatif protein dengesi bulunmaktadır. Bu
hastalarda öncelik; ileri derecede ağırlık kaybı ve kaşeksi ortaya çıkmadan
beslenme durumunun düzenlenmesi ile bu durumu önlemek olmalıdır. Bu hastalarda
beslenme destek ürünlerinin kullanılmasından ziyade erken dönemde diyetin
düzenlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. KOAH’lı hastalarda solunum güçlüğüne
neden olması nedeniyle günlük enerjinin karbonhidratlardan gelen oranının
%40-55, malnutrisyon varlığında proteinlerden gelen oranın %20 ve yağlardan
gelen oranın %30-45 olması önerilmektedir. Yine KOAH’lı yaşlılarda D vitamini
seviyelerinin düşük olduğu gösterilmiştir. Hem bağışıklık sistemi üzerine
etkileri hem de kaşeksi ve sarkopeni tedavisinde olumlu etkileri nedeniyle D
vitamininin normal seviyelerde olmasının yararlı olacağı bildirilmiştir. Düşük
vücut ağırlıklı veya istemsiz olarak ağırlık kaybeden KOAH hastalarının daha
yüksek mortalite gösterdiği belirtilmektedir. KOAH’lı yaşlı hastalarda yağsız
doku kütlesinin değerlendirilmesinde antropometrik ölçümlerin yetersiz kaldığı
gösterilmiş, bu hastalarda bioelektrik impedans (BİA) analizinin daha iyi sonuç
verdiği bildirilmiştir. Ayrıca yaşlı KOAH’lılarda beden kütle indeksi (BKİ)
yerine yağsız vücut kütle indeksi (FFMI) değerlendirilmesinin daha iyi bir
gösterge olduğu bildirilmiştir. KOAH ilerleyici bir hastalıktır ancan uygun
tedavi ile hastalığın ilerleyişinin yavaşlanması sağlanabilir. Beslenme
tedavisi KOAH’ta multidisipliner tedavi yaklaşımının önemli bir bileşenidir.

References

  • Anker, S., John, M., Pedersen, P., Raguso, C., Cicoira, M., Dardai, E., . . . Becker, H. (2006). ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: cardiology and pulmonology. Clinical Nutrition, 25(2), 311-318.
  • Aygün, G., Demirkiran, O., Utku, T., Mete, B., Ürkmez, S., Yılmaz, M., . . . Öztürk, R. (2002). Environmental contamination during a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit. Journal of Hospital Infection, 52(4), 259-262.
  • Buist, A. S., McBurnie, M. A., Vollmer, W. M., Gillespie, S., Burney, P., Mannino, D. M., . . . Weiss, K. B. (2007). International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. The Lancet, 370(9589), 741-750.
  • Celli, B. R., MacNee, W., Agusti, A., Anzueto, A., Berg, B., Buist, A. S., . . . Fahy, B. (2004). Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. European Respiratory Journal, 23(6), 932-946.
  • Chailleux, E., Laaban, J.-P., & Veale, D. (2003). Prognostic value of nutritional depletion in patients with COPD treated by long-term oxygen therapy: data from the ANTADIR observatory. CHEST Journal, 123(5), 1460-1466.
  • Cohen, F. J. (1994). Glucose vs lipid calories. Nutrition in critical care. Zaloga G (editor). St Louis, MO: Mosby, 169-182.
  • Ekren, P. K., & Gürgün, A. (2013). KOAH’da Pulmoner Rehabilitasyon: Kime, Ne Zaman, Nasıl. Güncel Göğüs Hastalıkları Serisi, 1(1), 124-135.
  • Ferguson, G. T., Calverley, P. M., Anderson, J. A., Jenkins, C. R., Jones, P. W., Willits, L. R., . . . Celli, B. (2009). Prevalence and progression of osteoporosis in patients with COPD: results from the TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health study. CHEST Journal, 136(6), 1456-1465.
  • Ferreira, I. M., Verreschi, I. T., Nery, L. E., Goldstein, R. S., Zamel, N., Brooks, D., & Jardim, J. R. (1998). The influence of 6 months of oral anabolic steroids on body mass and respiratory muscles in undernourished COPD patients. Chest, 114(1), 19-28.
  • Gosselink, R., Troosters, T., & Decramer, M. (2000). Distribution of muscle weakness in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 20(6), 353-360.
  • Grzetic-Romcevic, T., Devcic, B., & Sonc, S. (2011). Spirometric testing on world COPD Day. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 6, 141. Halbert, R., Natoli, J., Gano, A., Badamgarav, E., Buist, A. S., & Mannino, D. M. (2006). Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Journal, 28(3), 523-532.
  • Hastalığı, B. Y. K. O. A. (1976). üzerinde epidemiyolojik bir araştırma. Tüberküloz ve Toraks, 24, 3-18.
  • Hughes, D., & Norton, R. (2009). Vitamin D and respiratory health. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 158(1), 20-25.
  • Janssens, J.-P. (2005). Aging of the respiratory system: impact on pulmonary function tests and adaptation to exertion. Clinics in chest medicine, 26(3), 469-484.
  • Jemal, A., Ward, E., Hao, Y., & Thun, M. (2005). Trends in the leading causes of death in the United States, 1970-2002. Jama, 294(10), 1255-1259. King, D. A., Cordova, F., & Scharf, S. M. (2008). Nutritional aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 5(4), 519-523.
  • Kocabas, A., Turkyilmaz, S., & Unalan, T. (2006). Under-diagnosis and undertreatment of COPD in Adana, Turkey (BOLD-Turkey Study). Eur Respir J, 28(Supp 50), 446s.
  • Kocabaş, A. (2010). Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastaliği Epidemiyolojisi Ve Risk Faktörleri. TTD Toraks Cerrahisi Bülteni, 1(2), 105-113.
  • Koehler, F., Doehner, W., Hoernig, S., Witt, C., Anker, S. D., & John, M. (2007). Anorexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—association to cachexia and hormonal derangement. International journal of cardiology, 119(1), 83-89.
  • Landbo, C., Prescott, E., Lange, P., Vestbo, J., & Almdal, T. P. (1999). Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 160(6), 1856-1861.
  • Lopez, A., Shibuya, K., Rao, C., Mathers, C., Hansell, A., Held, L., . . . Buist, S. (2006). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. European Respiratory Journal, 27(2), 397-412.
  • Mahan, L. K., & Escott-Stump, S. (2008). Krause's food & nutrition therapy. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders: Elsevier.
  • Mannino, D., Watt, G., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Hart, C., McConnachie, A., . . . Sin, D. (2006). The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal, 27(3), 627-643.
  • Mannino, D. M., Doherty, D. E., & Buist, A. S. (2006). Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification of lung disease and mortality: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Respiratory medicine, 100(1), 115-122.
  • Mannino, D. M., Meilan, K., van der Molen, T., Ichinose, M., Oh, Y.-M., & Davis, K. J. (2014). Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey: methods, COPD prevalence, and disease burden in 2012–2013. International Journal of COPD, 9, 597-611.
  • Murray, C. J., & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet, 349(9064), 1498-1504.
  • Pena, V. S., Miravitlles, M., Gabriel, R., Jimenez-Ruiz, C. A., Villasante, C., Masa, J. F., . . . Fernandez-Fau, L. (2000). Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD: results of the IBERPOC multicentre epidemiological study. CHEST Journal, 118(4), 981-989.
  • Samurkaşoğlu, B. (2003). Epidemiyoloji ve risk faktörleri. Güncel Bilgiler Işığında KOAH. Ankara: Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi. Sayfa, 9-19.
  • Sin, D. D., Man, J. P., & Man, S. P. (2003). The risk of osteoporosis in Caucasian men and women with obstructive airways disease. The American journal of medicine, 114(1), 10-14.
  • Tálamo, C., de Oca, M. M., Halbert, R., Perez-Padilla, R., Jardim, J. R. B., Muino, A., . . . Moreno, D. (2007). Diagnostic labeling of COPD in five Latin American cities. CHEST Journal, 131(1), 60-67. TATLICIOĞLU, T. (2007). Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) ve geleceği. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi, 55(3), 303-318. Tsiligianni, I. G., & van der Molen, T. (2010). A systematic review of the role of vitamin insufficiencies and supplementation in COPD. Respiratory research, 11(1), 171.
  • Vandenbergh, E., Van de Woestijne, K., & Gyselen, A. (1967). Weight Changes in the Terminal Stages of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 1, 2: Relation to Respiratory Function and Prognosis. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 95(4), 556-566.
  • Vestbo, J., Hurd, S. S., Agustí, A. G., Jones, P. W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A., . . . Nishimura, M. (2013). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 187(4), 347-365.
  • Wilson, D. O., Rogers, R. M., Wright, E. C., & Anthonisen, N. R. (1989). Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis, 139(6), 1435-1438.
  • Yeh, S., Deguzmán, B., Kramer, T., & Group, M. (2002). Reversal estudio de EPOC asociados adelgazar utilizando la oxandrolona agente anabólico. Pecho, 122(2), 421-428.
Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 78 - 90, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.417312

Abstract

References

  • Anker, S., John, M., Pedersen, P., Raguso, C., Cicoira, M., Dardai, E., . . . Becker, H. (2006). ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: cardiology and pulmonology. Clinical Nutrition, 25(2), 311-318.
  • Aygün, G., Demirkiran, O., Utku, T., Mete, B., Ürkmez, S., Yılmaz, M., . . . Öztürk, R. (2002). Environmental contamination during a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit. Journal of Hospital Infection, 52(4), 259-262.
  • Buist, A. S., McBurnie, M. A., Vollmer, W. M., Gillespie, S., Burney, P., Mannino, D. M., . . . Weiss, K. B. (2007). International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. The Lancet, 370(9589), 741-750.
  • Celli, B. R., MacNee, W., Agusti, A., Anzueto, A., Berg, B., Buist, A. S., . . . Fahy, B. (2004). Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. European Respiratory Journal, 23(6), 932-946.
  • Chailleux, E., Laaban, J.-P., & Veale, D. (2003). Prognostic value of nutritional depletion in patients with COPD treated by long-term oxygen therapy: data from the ANTADIR observatory. CHEST Journal, 123(5), 1460-1466.
  • Cohen, F. J. (1994). Glucose vs lipid calories. Nutrition in critical care. Zaloga G (editor). St Louis, MO: Mosby, 169-182.
  • Ekren, P. K., & Gürgün, A. (2013). KOAH’da Pulmoner Rehabilitasyon: Kime, Ne Zaman, Nasıl. Güncel Göğüs Hastalıkları Serisi, 1(1), 124-135.
  • Ferguson, G. T., Calverley, P. M., Anderson, J. A., Jenkins, C. R., Jones, P. W., Willits, L. R., . . . Celli, B. (2009). Prevalence and progression of osteoporosis in patients with COPD: results from the TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health study. CHEST Journal, 136(6), 1456-1465.
  • Ferreira, I. M., Verreschi, I. T., Nery, L. E., Goldstein, R. S., Zamel, N., Brooks, D., & Jardim, J. R. (1998). The influence of 6 months of oral anabolic steroids on body mass and respiratory muscles in undernourished COPD patients. Chest, 114(1), 19-28.
  • Gosselink, R., Troosters, T., & Decramer, M. (2000). Distribution of muscle weakness in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 20(6), 353-360.
  • Grzetic-Romcevic, T., Devcic, B., & Sonc, S. (2011). Spirometric testing on world COPD Day. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 6, 141. Halbert, R., Natoli, J., Gano, A., Badamgarav, E., Buist, A. S., & Mannino, D. M. (2006). Global burden of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Journal, 28(3), 523-532.
  • Hastalığı, B. Y. K. O. A. (1976). üzerinde epidemiyolojik bir araştırma. Tüberküloz ve Toraks, 24, 3-18.
  • Hughes, D., & Norton, R. (2009). Vitamin D and respiratory health. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 158(1), 20-25.
  • Janssens, J.-P. (2005). Aging of the respiratory system: impact on pulmonary function tests and adaptation to exertion. Clinics in chest medicine, 26(3), 469-484.
  • Jemal, A., Ward, E., Hao, Y., & Thun, M. (2005). Trends in the leading causes of death in the United States, 1970-2002. Jama, 294(10), 1255-1259. King, D. A., Cordova, F., & Scharf, S. M. (2008). Nutritional aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, 5(4), 519-523.
  • Kocabas, A., Turkyilmaz, S., & Unalan, T. (2006). Under-diagnosis and undertreatment of COPD in Adana, Turkey (BOLD-Turkey Study). Eur Respir J, 28(Supp 50), 446s.
  • Kocabaş, A. (2010). Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastaliği Epidemiyolojisi Ve Risk Faktörleri. TTD Toraks Cerrahisi Bülteni, 1(2), 105-113.
  • Koehler, F., Doehner, W., Hoernig, S., Witt, C., Anker, S. D., & John, M. (2007). Anorexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—association to cachexia and hormonal derangement. International journal of cardiology, 119(1), 83-89.
  • Landbo, C., Prescott, E., Lange, P., Vestbo, J., & Almdal, T. P. (1999). Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 160(6), 1856-1861.
  • Lopez, A., Shibuya, K., Rao, C., Mathers, C., Hansell, A., Held, L., . . . Buist, S. (2006). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. European Respiratory Journal, 27(2), 397-412.
  • Mahan, L. K., & Escott-Stump, S. (2008). Krause's food & nutrition therapy. St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders: Elsevier.
  • Mannino, D., Watt, G., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Hart, C., McConnachie, A., . . . Sin, D. (2006). The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal, 27(3), 627-643.
  • Mannino, D. M., Doherty, D. E., & Buist, A. S. (2006). Global Initiative on Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification of lung disease and mortality: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Respiratory medicine, 100(1), 115-122.
  • Mannino, D. M., Meilan, K., van der Molen, T., Ichinose, M., Oh, Y.-M., & Davis, K. J. (2014). Continuing to Confront COPD International Patient Survey: methods, COPD prevalence, and disease burden in 2012–2013. International Journal of COPD, 9, 597-611.
  • Murray, C. J., & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet, 349(9064), 1498-1504.
  • Pena, V. S., Miravitlles, M., Gabriel, R., Jimenez-Ruiz, C. A., Villasante, C., Masa, J. F., . . . Fernandez-Fau, L. (2000). Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD: results of the IBERPOC multicentre epidemiological study. CHEST Journal, 118(4), 981-989.
  • Samurkaşoğlu, B. (2003). Epidemiyoloji ve risk faktörleri. Güncel Bilgiler Işığında KOAH. Ankara: Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi. Sayfa, 9-19.
  • Sin, D. D., Man, J. P., & Man, S. P. (2003). The risk of osteoporosis in Caucasian men and women with obstructive airways disease. The American journal of medicine, 114(1), 10-14.
  • Tálamo, C., de Oca, M. M., Halbert, R., Perez-Padilla, R., Jardim, J. R. B., Muino, A., . . . Moreno, D. (2007). Diagnostic labeling of COPD in five Latin American cities. CHEST Journal, 131(1), 60-67. TATLICIOĞLU, T. (2007). Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) ve geleceği. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi, 55(3), 303-318. Tsiligianni, I. G., & van der Molen, T. (2010). A systematic review of the role of vitamin insufficiencies and supplementation in COPD. Respiratory research, 11(1), 171.
  • Vandenbergh, E., Van de Woestijne, K., & Gyselen, A. (1967). Weight Changes in the Terminal Stages of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 1, 2: Relation to Respiratory Function and Prognosis. American Review of Respiratory Disease, 95(4), 556-566.
  • Vestbo, J., Hurd, S. S., Agustí, A. G., Jones, P. W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A., . . . Nishimura, M. (2013). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 187(4), 347-365.
  • Wilson, D. O., Rogers, R. M., Wright, E. C., & Anthonisen, N. R. (1989). Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis, 139(6), 1435-1438.
  • Yeh, S., Deguzmán, B., Kramer, T., & Group, M. (2002). Reversal estudio de EPOC asociados adelgazar utilizando la oxandrolona agente anabólico. Pecho, 122(2), 421-428.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nutrition and Dietetics
Journal Section reviews
Authors

Sedat Arslan

Publication Date April 1, 2020
Submission Date April 20, 2018
Acceptance Date October 3, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Arslan, S. (2020). Yaşlılarda Koah Ve Beslenme Yaklaşımları. Health Academy Kastamonu, 5(1), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.417312

Health Academy Kastamonu is included in the class of 1-b journals (journals scanned in international indexes other than SCI, SSCI, SCI-expanded, ESCI) according to UAK associate professorship criteria. HEALTH ACADEMY KASTAMONU Journal cover is registered by the Turkish Patent Institute.