Pediatrik Onkolojide Palyatif Bakım Alan Çocuklara Psikolojik Destek Uygulamalarının Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 64 - 75, 01.04.2021

Abdullah Sarman

https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.584858

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Kanser,
önemli bir halk sağlığı problemidir. Kanser türleri ve kanser nedeniyle tedavi
gören birey sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Sayısı artan kanser türlerinin
büyük bir bölümünü çocukluk çağı kanserleri oluşturmaktadır. Çocuklarda görülen
kanserlerin büyüme ve gelişme, psikososyal durum gibi birçok alanda olumsuz
etkilerinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Çoğu zaman ölümle eşdeğer görülen bu durum
çocuk ve ailesi üzerinde birtakım zorlayıcı etkiler meydana getirebilmektedir.
Tedavi sürecinin uzun olması, tekrar oranlarının yüksekliği ve meydana gelen
fiziksel ve ruhsal değişiklikler tedavi gören çocukların baş etmesi güç
birtakım etkiler arasındadır. Kanser tedavisi süresince hastalara ve ailelerine
mümkün olan en iyi yaşam kalitesini sağlamak amacıyla fiziksel ve psikolojik
tüm semptomların erken teşhisi ve tedavisini amaçlayan palyatif bakım
uygulamaları başarılı bir şekilde yıllardır uygulanmaktadır. Palyatif bakım
alan çocuklarda fiziksel olumsuzlukların giderilmesine ek olarak ruhsal destek
uygulamalarının da etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Pediatrik onkolojide hastalık
sürecine ve tedavi yöntemlerine hem aileyi hem de çocuğu adapte etmek,
oluşabilecek komplikasyonlar hakkında bilgilendirmek hastalık süreçlerini
yönetmeyi kolaylaştırabilmektedir. Bu derlemede pediatrik onkolojide palyatif
bakım alan çocuklara psikolojik destek uygulamalarının etkilerinin literatür kapsamında
incelenmesi amaçlanmış ve hemşirelik uygulamalarına yansımaları üzerinde
durulmuştur.

Keywords

Pediatrik onkoloji, Çocuk, Palyatif bakım, Psikolojik destek

The Effect of Psychological Support Applications on Children Receiving Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology

Abstract

Cancer is an important public health problem. Cancer
types and the number of individuals treated for cancer are increasing day by
day. Childhood cancers constitute the majority of the increasing number of
cancer types. It is known that cancers seen in children have negative effects
in many areas such as growth and development and psychosocial status. This
situation, which is often equivalent to death, can have some compelling effects
on the child and his / her family. The long duration of treatment, the high
rates of repetition and the physical and mental changes that occur are among
the most difficult effects for the treated children. Palliative care has been
successfully applied for many years in order to provide early diagnosis and
treatment of all physical and psychological symptoms in order to provide the
best possible quality of life to patients and their families during cancer
treatment. It is known that psychological support practices are effective in
addition to eliminating physical problems in children receiving palliative
care. In pediatric oncology, adapting both the family and the child to the
disease process and treatment methods, informing them about the complications
that may occur may facilitate the management of the disease processes. In this
review, it is aimed to investigate the effects of psychological support to
children receiving palliative care in pediatric oncology within the scope of
literature and their reflections on nursing practices are emphasized.

Keywords

Pediatric oncology, Child, Palliative care, Psychological support

References

• WHO. (1998). Cancer pain relief and palliative care in children. Geneva, Switzerland.
• Burns, D. S., Robb, S. L., & Haase, J. E. (2009). Exploring the feasibility of a therapeutic music video intervention in adolescents and young adults during stem-cell transplantation. Cancer Nursing, 32(5), E8–E16. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e3181a4802c.
• Cassel, J. B., & Albrecht, T. A. (2018). Emerging Models of Providing Oncology Palliative Care. Semin Oncol Nurs, 34(3), 202–214. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2018.06.002.
• Cieślak, K. (2013). Professional psychological support and psychotherapy methods for oncology patients. Basic concepts and issues. Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, 18(3), 121–126. doi: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.08.002.
• Coughtrey, A., Millington, A., Bennett, S., Christie, D., Hough, R., Su, M. T., … Shafran, R. (2018). The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for psychological outcomes in pediatric oncology: A systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage., 55(3), 1004–1017. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.09.022.
• Crozier, F., & Hancock, L. E. (2012). Pediatric palliative care: Beyond the end of life. J Pediatr Nurs, 38(4), 198-227.
• Foster, T. L., Bell, C. J., & Gilmer, M. J. (2012). Symptom management of spiritual suffering in pediatric palliative care. J Hosp Palliat Nurs, 14(2), 109–115. doi: 10.1097/NJH.0b013e3182491f4b.
• Gregurek, R., Braš, M., Đorđević, V., Ratković, A., & i Brajković, L. (2010). Psychological problems of patients with cancer. Psychiatr Danub, 22(2), 227–230.Himelstein, B. P. (2006). Palliative care for infants, children, adolescents, and their families. J Palliat Med, 9(1), 163–181. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2006.9.163.
• Hinds, P. S., Quargnenti, A., Bush, A. J., Pratt, C., Fairclough, D., Rissmiller, G., … Gilchrist, G. S. (2000). An evaluation of the impact of a self-care coping intervention on psychological and clinical outcomes in adolescents with newly diagnosed cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 4(1), 6–17. doi: 10.1054/ejon.1999.0051.
• Ho, Y. R., Ma, S.-P., & Chang, K. Y. (2019). Trends in regional cancer mortality in Taiwan 1992–2014. Cancer Epidemiol, 59, 185–192. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.02.005.
• Huang, J. S., Dillon, L., Terrones, L., Schubert, L., Roberts, W., Finklestein, J., … Patrick, K. (2014). Fit4Life: A weight loss intervention for children who have survived childhood leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 61(5), 894–900. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24937.
• Inserra, A., Narciso, A., Paolantonio, G., Messina, R., & Crocoli, A. (2016). Palliative care and pediatric surgical oncology. Semin Pediatr Surg, 25(5), 323–332. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2016.08.001.
• Instituto Nacional de Câncer. (2008). Câncer na criança e no adolescente no Brasil: Dados dos registros de base populacional e de mortalidade. Rio de Janeiro – RJ.
• Jackson, V. A., Mack, J., Matsuyama, R., Lakoma, M. D., Sullivan, A. M., Arnold, R. M., … Block, S. D. (2008). A qualitative study of oncologists’ approaches to end-of-life care. J Palliat Med, 11(6), 893–906. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2007.2480.
• Kato, P. M., Cole, S. W., Bradlyn, A. S., & Pollock, B. H. (2008). A video game improves behavioral outcomes in adolescents and young adults with cancer: A randomized trial. Pediatrics, 122(2), e305–e317. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3134.
• Kazak, A. E., Alderfer, M. A., Streisand, R., Simms, S., Rourke, M. T., Barakat, L. P., … Cnaan, A. (2004). Treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer and their families: A randomized clinical trial. J Fam Psychol, 18(3), 493–504. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.18.3.493.
• Klick, J. C., & Hauer, J. (2010). Pediatric palliative care. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care, 40(6), 120–151. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2010.05.001.
• Li, H. C. W., Lopez, V., Joyce Chung, O. K., Ho, K. Y., & Chiu, S. Y. (2013). The impact of cancer on the physical, psychological and social well-being of childhood cancer survivors. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 17(2), 214–219. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2012.07.010.
• Lie Fong, S., Van Den Heuvel-Eibrink, M. M., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Schipper, I., Hukkelhoven, C. W. P. M., & Laven, J. S. E. (2010). Pregnancy outcome in female childhood cancer survivors. Hum Reprod, 25(5), 1206–1212. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deq029.
• Lyon, M. E., Jacobs, S., Briggs, L., Cheng, Y. I., & Wang, J. (2014). A longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial of advance care planning for teens with cancer: Anxiety, depression, quality of life, advance directives, spirituality. J Adolesc Health., 54(6), 710–717. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.206.
• Mandac, C., & Battista, V. (2014). Contributions of Palliative Care to Pediatric Patient Care. Semin Oncol Nurs, 30(4), 212–226. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2014.08.003.
• Morgan, D. (2009). Caring for dying children: assessing the needs of the pediatric palliative care nurse. J Pediatr Nurs, 35(2), 86–90.Palliative Care National Consensus Project for Quality. (2004). Clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care. Kans Nurse, 79(9), 16–20.
• Phipps, S., Klosky, J. L., Long, A., Hudson, M. M., Huang, Q., Zhang, H., & Noll, R. B. (2014). Posttraumatic stress and psychological growth in children with cancer: Has the traumatic impact of cancer been overestimated? J Clin Oncol, 32(7), 641–646. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.8212.
• Poirier, A. E., Ruan, Y., Walter, S. D., Franco, E. L., Villeneuve, P. J., King, W. D., … Brenner, D. R. (2019). The future burden of cancer in Canada: Long-term cancer incidence projections 2013–2042. Cancer Epidemiol, 59, 199–207. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.02.011.
• Rodriguez-Galindo, C., Friedrich, P., Morrissey, L., & Frazier, L. (2013). Global challenges in pediatric oncology. Curr Opin Pediatr, 25(1), 3–15. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32835c1cbe.
• Seitz, D. C. M., Besier, T., Debatin, K.-M., Grabow, D., Dieluweit, U., Hinz, A., … Goldbeck, L. (2010). Posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety among adult long-term survivors of cancer in adolescence. Eur J Cancer, 46(9), 1596–1606. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.03.001.
• Stayer, D. (2012). Pediatric Palliative Care: A Conceptual Analysis for Pediatric Nursing Practice. J Pediatr Nurs, 27(4), 350–356. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2011.04.031.
• Valadares, M. T. M., Mota, J. A. C., & de Oliveira, B. M. (2014). Palliative care in pediatric hematological oncology patients: experience of a tertiary hospital. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter, 36(6), 403–408. doi: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2014.09.003.
• Varni, J. W., Katz, E. R., Colegrove, R., & Dolgin, M. (1993). The impact of social skills training on the adjustment of children with newly diagnosed cancer. J Pediatr Psychol, 18(6), 751–767. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/18.6.751.
• Vern-Gross, T. (2011). Establishing Communication Within the Field of Pediatric Oncology: A Palliative Care Approach. Curr Probl Cancer, 35(6), 337–350. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2011.10.008.
• Vinchon, M., Baroncini, M., Leblond, P., & Delestret, I. (2011). Morbidity and tumor-related mortality among adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors: A review. Childs Nerv Syst, 27(5), 697–704. doi: 10.1007/s00381-010-1385-6.