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İNGİLTERE'DE DİN EĞİTİMİNDEN MUAFİYET TARTIŞMALARI

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 39, 1 - 27, 15.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.488028

Abstract

İngiltere'de ilk ve ortaöğretim okullarında okutulan zorunlu derslerden biri olan din eğitimi, muafiyet hakkı da olan bir derstir. İsteyen aileler herhangi bir sebep sunmaksızın çocuklarını din eğitimi dersinin tamamından ya da bir kısmından muaf tutabilmektedirler. Ancak bu muafiyet hakkı son dönemlerde tartışılır hale gelmiştir. Ülkemizde de tartışmalı konulardan olan muafiyet hakkının, farklı ülkelerde hangi açılardan tartışıldığını görebilmek için bu makalede İngiltere'deki ilgili tartışmalar ele alınıp değerlendirilecektir. Bu amaçla İngiltere’de son dönemde muafiyet hak-kının kaldırılmasını talep edenlerin beyanları, bu konudaki haberler ve din eğitimi hakkında yazılan raporlar incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma göstermektedir ki kimi gruplar muafiyet hakkının hemen kaldırılmasını isterken, bir kısmı ise bazı reformların ardından muafiyet hakkının kaldırılmasını istemektedirler. Ancak istenen reformların nasıl ve hangi doğrultuda olacağı konusunda herhangi bir mutabakat bulunmamaktadır. Bunun yanında, İngiltere din eğitimi hakkında son yıllarda ya-zılan en kapsamlı rapor olan Din Eğitimi Komisyonu raporu muafiyet hakkının korunmasını talep etmiştir. Makale İngiltere'deki muafiyet hakkı tartışmalarının bağlamını ve muafiyet hakkını kaldırmanın pratik, politik ve insan hakları bağlamında mümkün olup olmadığını inceleyerek son bulmaktadır.

References

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  • Evans, Carolyn. “Religious Education in Public Schools: An International Human Rights Perspective”. Human Rights Law Review 8/3 (2008): 449-473. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngn020.
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  • Hendek, Abdurrahman. A Comparative Study of Religious Education Policy in Turkey and England. Doktora Tezi, University of Oxford, 2018.
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  • Jackson, Robert. “Religious Education in England: The Story to 2013”. Pedagogiek 33/2 (2013): 119-135. https://doi.org/10.5117/PED2013.2.JACK.
  • Kaymakcan, Recep. Günümüz İngiltere'sinde Din Eğitimi. İstanbul: DEM, 2004.
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  • Long, Robert - Bolton, Paul. “Faith Schools in England: FAQs”. Erişim: 25.02.2019 http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN06972#fullreport.
  • Louden, Lois M. R. “The Conscience Clause in Religious Education and Collective Worship: Conscientious Objection or Curriculum Choice?”. British Journal of Religious Education 26/3 (2004): 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141620042000232328.
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  • Mabud, Shaikh Abdul. “A Muslim Response to the Education Reform Act 1998”. British Journal of Religious Education 14/2 (1992): 74-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141620920140205.
  • Mawhinney, Alison v.dğr. Opting Out of Religious Education: The Views of Young People from Minority Belief Backgrounds Belfast: Queen’s University Belfast, 2010.
  • Moballeghi, Nargess. “The Prevent Strategy: From Violent International Terrorism to Local Religious Conservatism”. Erişim: 11.10.2018 http://www.moballeghi.com/radicalised-articles/2018/10/28/prevent.
  • Muslim Council of Britain. Towards Greater Understanding: Meeting the Needs of Muslim Pupils in State Schools. London: Muslim Council of Britain, 2007.
  • National Association of Head Teachers. “Parents Should Not Have the Right to Remove Children from Religious Education, Say School Leaders”. Erişim: 21.02.2019 https://www.naht.org.uk/news-and-opinion/press-room/parents-should-not-have-the-right-to-remove-children-from-religious-education-say-school-leaders/.
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  • National Secular Society. “Religious Education Must be Reformed before Ending Parental Opt-out”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2016/05/nss--religious-education-must-be-reformed-before-ending-parental-opt-out.
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Debates Over Right to Withdraw from Religious Education in England

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 39, 1 - 27, 15.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.488028

Abstract

Religious education which is among mandatory subjects in primary and secondary schools in England has also the right of withdrawal. Parents can withdraw their children from religious education wholly or partially without giving a reason. However, this right has recently become a matter of debate. As the right of withdrawal is a contentious issue in Turkey, the article explores the debates in England to see how these debates are taken place in other countries. Reports and news about these debates and recent reports on religious education were analysed. It is found that although some demand the removal immediately, the majority expects some reforms in religious education before the removal. However, there is no consensus on how and to what end religious education should be reformed. Moreover, Religious Education Commission report which is the most extensive report on religious education in recent years opted for the preservation of the right of withdrawal. The article considers the context within which these debates occur in England and whether it is possible to abolish the right of withdrawal from practical, political and human rights' point of view.

References

  • Adams, Richard. “Senior Ofsted Official Backs Headteacher over Hijab Ban for Under Eights”. Erişim: 28.02.2019 https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/ feb/01/ofsted-chief-backs-headteacher-over-hijab-ban-for-under-eights.
  • Arthur, James - Holdsworth, Michael. “The European Court of Human Rights, Secular Education and Public Schooling”. British Journal of Educational Studies 60/2 (2012): 129-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2012.661402.
  • BBC. “National Association of Head Teachers joins TUC”. Erişim: 20.02.2019 https://www.bbc.com/news/education-29757260.
  • Bertini, I.M. Freedom of Religion and State Neutrality in the Educaitonal Environment: A Path through the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Doktora Tezi, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014.
  • Bingham, John. “Sunday Schools and Bell Ringing Groups Could Face ‘Radicalisation’ Inspections”. Erişim: 28.02.2019 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/ 12046557/Sunday-schools-and-bell-ringing-groups-could-face-radicalisation-inspections.html.
  • British Humanist Association. “Our Education Policy”. Erişim: 10.10.2018 https://humanism.org.uk/education/education-policy/.
  • British Humanist Association. “Religion in Schools: A Guide for Non-Religious Parents and Young People in England and Wales”. Erişim: 06.11.2018 https://humanism.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017-04-19-BHA-guide-for-non-religious-parents.pdf.
  • Chadwick, Priscilla. Shifting Alliances: Church and State in English Education. London: Cassell, 1997.
  • Clarke, Charles - Woodhead, Linda. “A New Settlement Revised: Religion and Belief in Schools”. Erişim: 28.11.2018 http://faithdebates.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ 2018/07/Clarke-Woodhead-A-New-Settlement-Revised.pdf.
  • Clarke, Charles - Woodhead, Linda. “A New Settlement: Religion and Belief in Schools”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://faithdebates.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ 2015/06/A-New-Settlement-for-Religion-and-Belief-in-schools.pdf.
  • Clarke, Peter. Report into allegations concerning Birmingham schools arising from the ‘Trojan Horse’ letter. London: The Stationery Office, 2014.
  • Commission on Religion and Belief in British Public Life. Living with Difference: Community, Diversity and the Common Good. Cambridge: The Woolf Institute, 2015.
  • Commission on Religious Education. “Interim Report: Religious Education for All”. Erişim: 03.11.2018 http://www.commissiononre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/ 2017/09/Commission-on-Religious-Education-Interim-Report-2017.pdf.
  • Commission on Religious Education. “Religion and Worldviews: The Way Forward A National Plan for RE”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 https://www.commissiononre.org.uk/ wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Final-Report-of-the-Commission-on-RE.pdf.
  • Cooling, Trevor. “Commission on Religious Education”. Erişim: 21.02.2019 2016. http://religiouseducationcouncil.org.uk/about/chairs-blog/2016-11-03/commission-on-religious-education.
  • Cumper, Peter. “Religious Education in Europe in the Twenty-First Century”. Law, Religious Freedoms and Education in Europe. Ed. M. Hunter-Henin. 207-227. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
  • Cush, Denise. “Policy and Implementation: Local, Regional, National, International, Global”. British Journal of Religious Education 38/3 (2016): 224-228.
  • DCSF. Religious Education in English Schools: Non-Statutory Guidance 2010. Nottingham: Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2010.
  • DfE. “Promoting Fundemental British Values as part of SMSC in Schools: Depertmental Advice for Maintained Schools”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/380595/SMSC_Guidance_Maintained_Schools.pdf.
  • Dinham, Adam - Shaw, Martha. “RE for REal: The Future of Teaching and Learning about Religion and Belief”. Erişim: 31.10.2018 https://www.gold.ac.uk/media/ documents-by-section/departments/research-centres-and-units/research-units/faiths-and-civil-society/REforREal-web-b.pdf.
  • ECtHR. “Case Of Folgerø And Others v. Norway (Application no. 15472/02)”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-81356.
  • ECtHR. “Case of Hasan and Eylem Zengin v. Turkey (Application no. 1448/04)”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-82580.
  • ECtHR. “Case of Mansur Yalçın and Others v. Turkey (Application no. 21163/11)”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng-press/pages/search. aspx?i=003-4868983-5948734.
  • Espinoza, Javier. “Head Teachers Argue Parents Should Be Stripped of Right to Take Children Out of Religious Education”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2016/05/01/head-teachers-to-argue-parents-should-be-stripped-of-right-to-ta/.
  • Evans, Carolyn. “Religious Education in Public Schools: An International Human Rights Perspective”. Human Rights Law Review 8/3 (2008): 449-473. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngn020.
  • Guest, Mathew - Olson, Elizabeth - Wolffe, John. “Christianity: Loss of Monopoly”. Religion and Change in Modern Britain. Ed. Linda Woodhead - Rebecca Catto. 57-78. Abingdon: Routledge, 2012.
  • Hannafin, Sarah. “Children Shouldn’t Be Able to Skip RE”. Erişim: 21.02.2019 https://schoolsweek.co.uk/children-shouldnt-be-able-to-skip-re/.
  • Hendek, Abdurrahman. A Comparative Study of Religious Education Policy in Turkey and England. Doktora Tezi, University of Oxford, 2018.
  • HM Government. “Revised Prevent Duty Guidance for England and Wales”. Erişim: 10.11.2018 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/ system/uploads/attachment_data/file/445977/3799_Revised_Prevent_Duty_Guidance__England_Wales_V2-Interactive.pdf.
  • Holloway, Derek. “Not just an optional extra –RE that prepares children for life in the 21st Century”. Erişim: 05.11.2018 https://www.facebook.com/notes/church-of-england/not-just-an-optional-extra-re-that-prepares-children-for-life-in-the-21st-centur/10154801665363143/.
  • Hull, John Martin. “Editorial: Religious Education and the National Curriculum”. British Journal of Religious Education 18/3 (1996): 130-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141620960180301.
  • Jackson, Robert. “Religious Education in England: The Story to 2013”. Pedagogiek 33/2 (2013): 119-135. https://doi.org/10.5117/PED2013.2.JACK.
  • Kaymakcan, Recep. Günümüz İngiltere'sinde Din Eğitimi. İstanbul: DEM, 2004.
  • Long, Robert. “Religious Education in Schools (England)”. Erişim: 31.10.2018 http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-7167#fullreport.
  • Long, Robert - Bolton, Paul. “Faith Schools in England: FAQs”. Erişim: 25.02.2019 http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/SN06972#fullreport.
  • Louden, Lois M. R. “The Conscience Clause in Religious Education and Collective Worship: Conscientious Objection or Curriculum Choice?”. British Journal of Religious Education 26/3 (2004): 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141620042000232328.
  • Lundie, David. “Religious Education and the Right of Withdrawal”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 https://davidlundie.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/report-on-re-opt-out-wcover.pdf.
  • Mabud, Shaikh Abdul. “A Muslim Response to the Education Reform Act 1998”. British Journal of Religious Education 14/2 (1992): 74-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141620920140205.
  • Mawhinney, Alison v.dğr. Opting Out of Religious Education: The Views of Young People from Minority Belief Backgrounds Belfast: Queen’s University Belfast, 2010.
  • Moballeghi, Nargess. “The Prevent Strategy: From Violent International Terrorism to Local Religious Conservatism”. Erişim: 11.10.2018 http://www.moballeghi.com/radicalised-articles/2018/10/28/prevent.
  • Muslim Council of Britain. Towards Greater Understanding: Meeting the Needs of Muslim Pupils in State Schools. London: Muslim Council of Britain, 2007.
  • National Association of Head Teachers. “Parents Should Not Have the Right to Remove Children from Religious Education, Say School Leaders”. Erişim: 21.02.2019 https://www.naht.org.uk/news-and-opinion/press-room/parents-should-not-have-the-right-to-remove-children-from-religious-education-say-school-leaders/.
  • National Association of Head Teachers. “School Leaders Respond to Recommended Changes to Religious Education”. Erişim: 21.02.2019 https://www.naht.org.uk/news-and-opinion/press-room/naht-responds-to-recommended-changes-to-religious-education/.
  • National Association of Teachers of Religious Education. “Extended NATRE Response to the Commission Report”. Erişim: 21.02.2019 https://www.natre.org.uk/news/latest-news/extended-natre-response-to-the-commission-report/.
  • National Association of Teachers of Religious Education - National Association of Head Teachers. “Guidance: Dealing with Withdrawal from RE”. Erişim: 21.02.2019 https://www.natre.org.uk/uploads/Free%20Resources/18-15676_NAHT%20RE%20withdrawal%20document_final.pdf.
  • National Secular Society. “Pupils Should Have the Same Entitlement to Religion and Belief Education - NSS tells RE Commission”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2017/02/pupils-should-have-the-same-entitlement-to-religion-and-belief-education---nss-tells-re-commission.
  • National Secular Society. “Religious Education”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://www.secularism.org.uk/uploads/religious-education-briefing-paper.pdf.
  • National Secular Society. “Religious Education Must be Reformed before Ending Parental Opt-out”. Erişim: 26.11.2018 http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2016/05/nss--religious-education-must-be-reformed-before-ending-parental-opt-out.
  • Office for National Statistics. “Religion in England and Wales 2011”. Erişim: 25.02.2019 https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/articles/religioninenglandandwales2011/2012-12-11.
  • Ofsted. Religious Education: Realising the Potential. Manchester: Ofsted, 2013.
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdurrahman Hendek 0000-0003-2832-3445

Publication Date June 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 21 Issue: 39

Cite

ISNAD Hendek, Abdurrahman. “İNGİLTERE’DE DİN EĞİTİMİNDEN MUAFİYET TARTIŞMALARI”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 21/39 (June 2019), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.488028.

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