Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE İLKÖĞRETİM YAPILARINDA İÇ MEKAN TASARIMI1,2

Year 2023, Issue: 48, 195 - 214, 31.05.2023

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim sisteminegeçilmesiyle birlikte fiziksel okul mekanları işlevsiz kalmıştır.Bu süre zarfında uzaktan eğitim sistemi tartışma konusu olmuş ve birçok problemi beraberinde getirmiştir. Eğitimin ilk basamağı olan ilköğretim,çocukların akranlarıyla birlikte zaman geçirmesi ve sosyal beceriler kazanması açısından oldukça önem taşır. Çalışmamız kapsamında, ilköğretim okullarının pandemi döneminde sağlıklı öğrenim mekanları olmasını sağlayaraknasıl kullanılabileceği araştırılmış,salgın mimarisine uygun iklimlendirme ve havalandırma sistemleri, sirkülasyon alanları, mobilyalar, aydınlatma ve teknolojik alt yapı gibi akıllı sistemler incelenmişve örnek sınıf modeli oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda pandemi sürecinde mevcut ve yeni yapılacak ilköğretim okullarında tasarım önerileri geliştirilmiş ve salgın esnasında yüz yüze eğitimin sağlıklı bir şekilde devam edebilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

References

  • Ahmed, I., Ahmad, M., Rodrigues, J., Jeon, G., & Din, S. (2021). A deeplearning-basedsocialdistancemonitoringframeworkfor COVID-19. Sustainablecitiesandsociety, 65, 102571.
  • Ak, Ö. (2020). Pandemi Mimarisi. TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi.
  • Balasubramaniam, B., Prateek, Ranjan, S., Saraf, M., Kar, P., Singh, S. P., Thakur, V. K., Singh, A., &Gupta, R. K. (2020). AntibacterialandAntiviralFunctionalMaterials: ChemistryandBiological Activity towardTackling COVID-19-like Pandemics. ACS pharmacology&translationalscience, 4(1), 8–54.
  • Azzi-Huck K., Shmis T. (2020). Managing the impact of COVID-19 on education systems around the world: How countries are preparing, coping, and planning for recovery. World Bank Blog.
  • Doğan, A., & Pekşen, C. (2005). Metal İyon Katkılı Antimikrobiyal Malzemelerin Hastane İnfeksiyonlarını Önlemede Katkıları ve Uygulamaları. 4. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi.
  • Er, A. G. (2020). Covıd-19 Pandemi Raporu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 23-28.
  • Feng, Y., Marchal, T., Sperry, T., &Yi, H. (2020). Influence of windandrelativehumidity on thesocialdistancingeffectivenesstoprevent COVID-19 airbornetransmission: A numericalstudy. Journal of aerosolscience, 147, 105585.
  • Guo, M., Xu, P., Xiao, T., He, R., Dai, M., & Miller, S. L. (2021). Reviewandcomparison of HVAC operationguidelines in differentcountriesduringthe COVID-19 pandemic. Buildingandenvironment, 187, 107368.
  • Hochmannova, L., &Vytrasova, J. (2010). Photocatalyticandantimicrobialeffects of interiorpaints. Progress in OrganicCoatings, 1-5.
  • Koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-2) hastalığının (COVID-19) işyerlerinde yayılmasını önlemek için HVAC ve tesisat sistemleri nasıl çalıştırılır ve kullanılır? (2020). Türk Tesisat Mühendisleri Derneği, REHVA COVID-19 Kılavuz Belgesi. Erişim: 08.09.2021
  • Köhler, J., Schwenkel, L., Koch, A., Berberich, J., Pauli, P., &Allgöwer, F. (2021). Robustand optimal predictivecontrol of the COVID-19 outbreak. Annualreviews in control, 51, 525–539.
  • Lee VJ, Chiew CJ, Khong WX. Interruptingtransmission of COVID-19: lessonsfromcontainmentefforts in Singapore. J Travel Med. 2020 May 18;27(3)
  • Merow , C.,& Urban, M. (2020). Seasonalityanduncertainty in global COVID-19 growthrates. proceedings of thenationalacademy of sciences.
  • Michels, H. T., Keevil, C. W., Salgado, C. D., & Schmidt, M. G. (2015). FromLaboratoryResearchto a Clinical Trial: CopperAlloySurfacesKillBacteriaandReduceHospital-AcquiredInfections. HERD, 9(1), 64–79.
  • Musil J. (2017). FlexibleAntibacterialCoatings. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 22(5), 813.
  • Niemi, H. M., &Kousa, P. (2020). A casestudy of students’ andteachers’ perceptions in a Finnishhighschoolduringthe COVID pandemic. International Journal of Technology in EducationandScience (IJTES), 4(4), 352-369
  • Nishiura H, Oshitani H, Kobayashi T, et al. Closedenvironmentsfacilitatesecondarytransmission of coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19). medRxiv; 2020. DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029272.
  • Onat, A., & Kabil, E. (2020). Virüslerin Özellikleri ve Pandemi Süreçlerinde (COVID-19) İklimlendirme Sistem Prametrelerinin Değerlendirilmesi.
  • Park, S., Choi, Y., Song, D., & Kim, E. K. (2021). Natural ventilationstrategyandrelatedissuestopreventcoronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19) airbornetransmission in a schoolbuilding. TheScience of the total environment, 789, 147764.
  • Pastorino, B., Touret, F., Gilles, M., de Lamballerie, X., &Charrel, R. N. (2020). ProlongedInfectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in Fomites. Emerginginfectiousdiseases, 26(9), 2256–2257.
  • Qazi, A., Qazi, J., Naseer, K., Zeeshan, M., Hardaker, G., Maitama, J. Z., &Haruna, K. (2020). Analyzingsituationalawarenessthroughpublicopiniontopredictadoption of socialdistancingamidpandemic COVID-19. Journal of medicalvirology, 92(7), 849–855.
  • Şahin, F., & Demir, S. (2020). Virüsler, Viral Pandemileri Etkileyen Faktörler ve Sonuçları. Muzaffer Şeker, Ali Özer ve Cem Korkut. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 55-76.
  • Üreyen, M., Çavdar, A., Koparalı, A., & Doğan, A. (2008). Yeni Geliştirilen Gümüş Katkılı Antimikrobiyal Tekstil Kimyasalı ve Bu Kimyasal İle İşlem Görmüş Kumaşların Antibakteriyel Performansları. 5.Ulusal Nanobilim ve Nanoteknoloji Konferansının (NanoTR-V) Tema-K.
  • Xie, K., Liang, B., Dulebenets, M. A., &Mei, Y. (2020). TheImpact of Risk Perception on SocialDistancingduringthe COVID-19 Pandemic in China. International journal of environmentalresearchandpublichealth, 17(17), 6256.
  • Yüksel, C. (2022). Pandemi ile Değişen Konut İç Mekanını Yeniden Düşünmek. Online Journal of Art and Design.
  • Zomorodian, Z.S.,Tahsildoost, M., &Hafezi, M.R. (2016). Thermalcomfort in educationalbuildings: A reviewarticle. Renewable&SustainableEnergyReviews, 59, 895-906.
  • İnternet Kaynakçası
  • Ytong. (2019). Erişim: 01.08.2021, https://ytong.com.tr/blog-detay.asp?blogID=32
  • Pandemi Döneminde Klima Santrallerinin Kullanımı ve Bakımları. (2020). Tmmob makine mühendisleri odası. Erişim: 20.08.2021. https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/gonderi_dosya_ekleri/ek1.pdf
  • Altun, A.(2020). Korona Virüs Etkisi ile Birlikte Havalandırma Sisteminin Önemi. tmob makina mühendisleri odası. Erişim:01.08.2021. https://www.mmo.org.tr/konya/basin-aciklamasi/korona-virus-etkisi-ile-birlikte-havalandirma-sisteminin-onemi
  • Barsocchi P. and Calabrò A. and Crivello A. and Daoudagh S. and Furfari F. and Girolami M. and Marchetti E. (2021). COVID-19 & privacy: Enhancing of indoor localization architectures towards effective social distancing. Array. 9, , 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2020.100051.
  • Bogardus, E. S. (1947). Measurement of personal-group relations. Sociometry, 10, 306–311. https://doi.org/10.2307/2785570
  • Chenari, B., Dias Carrilho,J. Gameiro Da Silva M. Towards sustainable, energy-efficient and healthy ventilation strategies in buildings: a review Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 59 (2016), 1426-1447, 10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.074
  • Cohen, A. J., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Anderson, H. R., Frostad, J., Estep, K., Balakrishnan, K., Brunekreef, B., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Feigin, V., Freedman, G., Hubbell, B., Jobling, A., Kan, H., Knibbs, L., Liu, Y., Martin, R., Morawska, L., Pope, C. A., 3rd, … Forouzanfar, M. H. (2017). Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. Lancet (London, England), 389(10082), 1907–1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6
  • Dumas, R. Perkins&Will. Erişim: 15.07.2020. https://perkinswill.com/news/back-to-school-what-k-12-architects-can-learn-from-hospitals-in-the-wake-of-covid-19/
  • Fini, C., Tummolini, L. & Borghi, A.M. Contextual modulation of preferred social distance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 11, 23726 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02905-9
  • Megahed, N. A., & Ghoneim, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable cities and society, 61, 102350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
  • Meiss, A.;Jimeno-Merino, H.; Poza-Casado, I.; Llorente-Álvarez, A.; Padilla-Marcos, M.Á. IndoorAirQuality in NaturallyVentilatedClassrooms. LessonsLearnedfrom a Case Study in a COVID-19 Scenario. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8446. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158446
  • Melcher K.(2020). Viewpoint In praise of social distance in public spaces. Town Planning Review. 92 (2). https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2020.72
  • Maganga, M. (2021). archdaily. Erişim: 08.08.2021. https://www.archdaily.com/959085/interior-wellbeing-the-design-of-educational-spaces?ad_medium=gallery
  • Maiztegui, B. (2021). Archdaily. Erişim: 05.08.2021, https://www.archdaily.cl/cl/960245/aprender-al-aire-libre-idom-y-rosan-bosch-presentan-una-escuela-disenada-para-funcionar-durante-la-pandemia-en-peru
  • Özdoğan, M. (2020). drozdogan. Erişim: 05.05.2021, https://www.drozdogan.com/yeni-koronavirus-hastanede-hangi-ortamda-ne-kadar-kaliyor-aerosol-ve-yuzey-dagilimi/
  • Ravenscroft, T.(2020). Dezeen. Erişim: 10.09.2021, https://www.dezeen.com/2020/05/13/curl-la-tourelle-head-tent-classrooms-social-distancing-school/
  • Ren, C.,Xi, C., Wang, J., Feng, Z., Nasiri, F., Cao, S. J., &Haghighat, F. (2021). Mitigating COVID-19 infectiondiseasetransmission in indoorenvironmentusingphysicalbarriers. Sustainablecitiesandsociety, 74, 103175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103175
  • Richardson, H.(2021). BBC News. Erişim: 15.09.2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/education-58243238
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Rehberi. Erişim:01.01.2022, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66301/covid-19-rehberi.html
  • Sarı, G. (2021). Yapı Kataloğu. Erişim:10.09.2021. https://www.yapikatalogu.com/blog/egitim-yapilarinda-ileriye-yonelik-tasarim-onerileri_234
  • Shapiro, G.(2021). ARCHITECT. Erişim: 05.09.2021, https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/post-vaccine-k-12-education-and-school-design_o
  • Singh, H. RethinkingTheFuture. Erişim: 08.08.2021, https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/interior-design/a1794-how-the-selection-of-interior-materials-can-help-reduce-the-risk-of-further-spreading-covid-19/
  • Stabile, L., Pacitto, A., Mikszewski, A., Morawska, L., & Buonanno, G. (2021). Ventilation procedures to minimize the airborne transmission of viruses in classrooms. Building and environment, 202, 108042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108042
  • Studio ST Architects, HSB Architecture (2020). ARCHITECT. Erişim: 05.09.2021, https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/school-reopening-case-study-sar_1_o
  • Sun, C., & Zhai, Z. (2020). The efficacy of social distance and ventilation effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 transmission. Sustainable cities and society, 62, 102390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102390
Year 2023, Issue: 48, 195 - 214, 31.05.2023

Abstract

References

  • Ahmed, I., Ahmad, M., Rodrigues, J., Jeon, G., & Din, S. (2021). A deeplearning-basedsocialdistancemonitoringframeworkfor COVID-19. Sustainablecitiesandsociety, 65, 102571.
  • Ak, Ö. (2020). Pandemi Mimarisi. TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi.
  • Balasubramaniam, B., Prateek, Ranjan, S., Saraf, M., Kar, P., Singh, S. P., Thakur, V. K., Singh, A., &Gupta, R. K. (2020). AntibacterialandAntiviralFunctionalMaterials: ChemistryandBiological Activity towardTackling COVID-19-like Pandemics. ACS pharmacology&translationalscience, 4(1), 8–54.
  • Azzi-Huck K., Shmis T. (2020). Managing the impact of COVID-19 on education systems around the world: How countries are preparing, coping, and planning for recovery. World Bank Blog.
  • Doğan, A., & Pekşen, C. (2005). Metal İyon Katkılı Antimikrobiyal Malzemelerin Hastane İnfeksiyonlarını Önlemede Katkıları ve Uygulamaları. 4. Ulusal Sterilizasyon Dezenfeksiyon Kongresi.
  • Er, A. G. (2020). Covıd-19 Pandemi Raporu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 23-28.
  • Feng, Y., Marchal, T., Sperry, T., &Yi, H. (2020). Influence of windandrelativehumidity on thesocialdistancingeffectivenesstoprevent COVID-19 airbornetransmission: A numericalstudy. Journal of aerosolscience, 147, 105585.
  • Guo, M., Xu, P., Xiao, T., He, R., Dai, M., & Miller, S. L. (2021). Reviewandcomparison of HVAC operationguidelines in differentcountriesduringthe COVID-19 pandemic. Buildingandenvironment, 187, 107368.
  • Hochmannova, L., &Vytrasova, J. (2010). Photocatalyticandantimicrobialeffects of interiorpaints. Progress in OrganicCoatings, 1-5.
  • Koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-2) hastalığının (COVID-19) işyerlerinde yayılmasını önlemek için HVAC ve tesisat sistemleri nasıl çalıştırılır ve kullanılır? (2020). Türk Tesisat Mühendisleri Derneği, REHVA COVID-19 Kılavuz Belgesi. Erişim: 08.09.2021
  • Köhler, J., Schwenkel, L., Koch, A., Berberich, J., Pauli, P., &Allgöwer, F. (2021). Robustand optimal predictivecontrol of the COVID-19 outbreak. Annualreviews in control, 51, 525–539.
  • Lee VJ, Chiew CJ, Khong WX. Interruptingtransmission of COVID-19: lessonsfromcontainmentefforts in Singapore. J Travel Med. 2020 May 18;27(3)
  • Merow , C.,& Urban, M. (2020). Seasonalityanduncertainty in global COVID-19 growthrates. proceedings of thenationalacademy of sciences.
  • Michels, H. T., Keevil, C. W., Salgado, C. D., & Schmidt, M. G. (2015). FromLaboratoryResearchto a Clinical Trial: CopperAlloySurfacesKillBacteriaandReduceHospital-AcquiredInfections. HERD, 9(1), 64–79.
  • Musil J. (2017). FlexibleAntibacterialCoatings. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 22(5), 813.
  • Niemi, H. M., &Kousa, P. (2020). A casestudy of students’ andteachers’ perceptions in a Finnishhighschoolduringthe COVID pandemic. International Journal of Technology in EducationandScience (IJTES), 4(4), 352-369
  • Nishiura H, Oshitani H, Kobayashi T, et al. Closedenvironmentsfacilitatesecondarytransmission of coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19). medRxiv; 2020. DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.28.20029272.
  • Onat, A., & Kabil, E. (2020). Virüslerin Özellikleri ve Pandemi Süreçlerinde (COVID-19) İklimlendirme Sistem Prametrelerinin Değerlendirilmesi.
  • Park, S., Choi, Y., Song, D., & Kim, E. K. (2021). Natural ventilationstrategyandrelatedissuestopreventcoronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19) airbornetransmission in a schoolbuilding. TheScience of the total environment, 789, 147764.
  • Pastorino, B., Touret, F., Gilles, M., de Lamballerie, X., &Charrel, R. N. (2020). ProlongedInfectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in Fomites. Emerginginfectiousdiseases, 26(9), 2256–2257.
  • Qazi, A., Qazi, J., Naseer, K., Zeeshan, M., Hardaker, G., Maitama, J. Z., &Haruna, K. (2020). Analyzingsituationalawarenessthroughpublicopiniontopredictadoption of socialdistancingamidpandemic COVID-19. Journal of medicalvirology, 92(7), 849–855.
  • Şahin, F., & Demir, S. (2020). Virüsler, Viral Pandemileri Etkileyen Faktörler ve Sonuçları. Muzaffer Şeker, Ali Özer ve Cem Korkut. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 55-76.
  • Üreyen, M., Çavdar, A., Koparalı, A., & Doğan, A. (2008). Yeni Geliştirilen Gümüş Katkılı Antimikrobiyal Tekstil Kimyasalı ve Bu Kimyasal İle İşlem Görmüş Kumaşların Antibakteriyel Performansları. 5.Ulusal Nanobilim ve Nanoteknoloji Konferansının (NanoTR-V) Tema-K.
  • Xie, K., Liang, B., Dulebenets, M. A., &Mei, Y. (2020). TheImpact of Risk Perception on SocialDistancingduringthe COVID-19 Pandemic in China. International journal of environmentalresearchandpublichealth, 17(17), 6256.
  • Yüksel, C. (2022). Pandemi ile Değişen Konut İç Mekanını Yeniden Düşünmek. Online Journal of Art and Design.
  • Zomorodian, Z.S.,Tahsildoost, M., &Hafezi, M.R. (2016). Thermalcomfort in educationalbuildings: A reviewarticle. Renewable&SustainableEnergyReviews, 59, 895-906.
  • İnternet Kaynakçası
  • Ytong. (2019). Erişim: 01.08.2021, https://ytong.com.tr/blog-detay.asp?blogID=32
  • Pandemi Döneminde Klima Santrallerinin Kullanımı ve Bakımları. (2020). Tmmob makine mühendisleri odası. Erişim: 20.08.2021. https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/gonderi_dosya_ekleri/ek1.pdf
  • Altun, A.(2020). Korona Virüs Etkisi ile Birlikte Havalandırma Sisteminin Önemi. tmob makina mühendisleri odası. Erişim:01.08.2021. https://www.mmo.org.tr/konya/basin-aciklamasi/korona-virus-etkisi-ile-birlikte-havalandirma-sisteminin-onemi
  • Barsocchi P. and Calabrò A. and Crivello A. and Daoudagh S. and Furfari F. and Girolami M. and Marchetti E. (2021). COVID-19 & privacy: Enhancing of indoor localization architectures towards effective social distancing. Array. 9, , 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2020.100051.
  • Bogardus, E. S. (1947). Measurement of personal-group relations. Sociometry, 10, 306–311. https://doi.org/10.2307/2785570
  • Chenari, B., Dias Carrilho,J. Gameiro Da Silva M. Towards sustainable, energy-efficient and healthy ventilation strategies in buildings: a review Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 59 (2016), 1426-1447, 10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.074
  • Cohen, A. J., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Anderson, H. R., Frostad, J., Estep, K., Balakrishnan, K., Brunekreef, B., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Feigin, V., Freedman, G., Hubbell, B., Jobling, A., Kan, H., Knibbs, L., Liu, Y., Martin, R., Morawska, L., Pope, C. A., 3rd, … Forouzanfar, M. H. (2017). Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. Lancet (London, England), 389(10082), 1907–1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6
  • Dumas, R. Perkins&Will. Erişim: 15.07.2020. https://perkinswill.com/news/back-to-school-what-k-12-architects-can-learn-from-hospitals-in-the-wake-of-covid-19/
  • Fini, C., Tummolini, L. & Borghi, A.M. Contextual modulation of preferred social distance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 11, 23726 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02905-9
  • Megahed, N. A., & Ghoneim, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable cities and society, 61, 102350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
  • Meiss, A.;Jimeno-Merino, H.; Poza-Casado, I.; Llorente-Álvarez, A.; Padilla-Marcos, M.Á. IndoorAirQuality in NaturallyVentilatedClassrooms. LessonsLearnedfrom a Case Study in a COVID-19 Scenario. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8446. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158446
  • Melcher K.(2020). Viewpoint In praise of social distance in public spaces. Town Planning Review. 92 (2). https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2020.72
  • Maganga, M. (2021). archdaily. Erişim: 08.08.2021. https://www.archdaily.com/959085/interior-wellbeing-the-design-of-educational-spaces?ad_medium=gallery
  • Maiztegui, B. (2021). Archdaily. Erişim: 05.08.2021, https://www.archdaily.cl/cl/960245/aprender-al-aire-libre-idom-y-rosan-bosch-presentan-una-escuela-disenada-para-funcionar-durante-la-pandemia-en-peru
  • Özdoğan, M. (2020). drozdogan. Erişim: 05.05.2021, https://www.drozdogan.com/yeni-koronavirus-hastanede-hangi-ortamda-ne-kadar-kaliyor-aerosol-ve-yuzey-dagilimi/
  • Ravenscroft, T.(2020). Dezeen. Erişim: 10.09.2021, https://www.dezeen.com/2020/05/13/curl-la-tourelle-head-tent-classrooms-social-distancing-school/
  • Ren, C.,Xi, C., Wang, J., Feng, Z., Nasiri, F., Cao, S. J., &Haghighat, F. (2021). Mitigating COVID-19 infectiondiseasetransmission in indoorenvironmentusingphysicalbarriers. Sustainablecitiesandsociety, 74, 103175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103175
  • Richardson, H.(2021). BBC News. Erişim: 15.09.2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/education-58243238
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Rehberi. Erişim:01.01.2022, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66301/covid-19-rehberi.html
  • Sarı, G. (2021). Yapı Kataloğu. Erişim:10.09.2021. https://www.yapikatalogu.com/blog/egitim-yapilarinda-ileriye-yonelik-tasarim-onerileri_234
  • Shapiro, G.(2021). ARCHITECT. Erişim: 05.09.2021, https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/post-vaccine-k-12-education-and-school-design_o
  • Singh, H. RethinkingTheFuture. Erişim: 08.08.2021, https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/interior-design/a1794-how-the-selection-of-interior-materials-can-help-reduce-the-risk-of-further-spreading-covid-19/
  • Stabile, L., Pacitto, A., Mikszewski, A., Morawska, L., & Buonanno, G. (2021). Ventilation procedures to minimize the airborne transmission of viruses in classrooms. Building and environment, 202, 108042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108042
  • Studio ST Architects, HSB Architecture (2020). ARCHITECT. Erişim: 05.09.2021, https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/school-reopening-case-study-sar_1_o
  • Sun, C., & Zhai, Z. (2020). The efficacy of social distance and ventilation effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 transmission. Sustainable cities and society, 62, 102390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102390
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Ayşe Sungurlu This is me 0000-0003-3823-5553

Onur Ülker 0000-0002-8108-6269

Publication Date May 31, 2023
Submission Date September 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 48

Cite

APA Sungurlu, A., & Ülker, O. (2023). PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE İLKÖĞRETİM YAPILARINDA İÇ MEKAN TASARIMI1,2. Sanat Yazıları(48), 195-214.