GC-MS Analysis and Potential Apoptotic Effect of Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Leaf and Flower Extracts against Breast Cancer Cells

Year 2022, , 357 - 364, 30.04.2022

Ferdi Oguz , Çisil Çamlı Pulat , Süleyman İlhan , Harika Atmaca

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1029351

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In recent years, herbal medicines have become a significant novel source of treatment for various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Various investigations have declared that Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (PSC) shows antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antibacterial properties, but its effect on cancer cells is unknown. This study purposed to evaluate the possible anti-cancer effects of the ethanolic extract of the PSC in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The leaf and flower extracts of PSC were prepared in ethanol and volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS analysis. The possible cytotoxic effects of extracts were evaluated via MTT assay. Apoptotic effect was examined using the PI Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit. Significant cytotoxic effects were detected after 72 h treatment of ethanolic leaf and flower extracts in MCF-7 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Both leaf and flower extracts of PSC induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells. On phytochemical screening, it was shown that the leaf extract of PSC contains pyrrolidine, 2-decenal, 2-undecanal, phytol, oleic acid, oleamide, squalane, vitamin E, and gamma-sitosterol and the flower extract contains pyrrolidine, 2-decenal, 2-undecenal, oleic acid, lupeol, and gamma-sitosterol. These data report that PSC leaf and flower extracts have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, this study can be considered an in vitro background for further in vivo cancer experiments.

Keywords

Paliurus spina-christi, breast cancer, anti-cancer, GC-MS, MCF-7

References

• [1] A. G. Waks and E. P. Winer, “Breast Cancer Treatment,” JAMA, vol. 321, no. 3, p. 288, Jan. 2019.
• [2] K. Barzaman et al., “Breast cancer: Biology, biomarkers, and treatments,” Int. Immunopharmacol., vol. 84, no. April, 2020.
• [3] K. L. Britt, J. Cuzick, and K. A. Phillips, “Key steps for effective breast cancer prevention,” Nat. Rev. Cancer, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 417–436, 2020.
• [4] H. Atmaca, C. Camli, and S. Sert, “Ethanol Extract of Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana var. şeneriana Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Cell Viability through Induction of Apoptosis,” Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 35–40, 2018.
• [5] A. L. Risinger, F. J. Giles, and S. L. Mooberry, “Microtubule dynamics as a target in oncology,” Cancer Treat. Rev., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 255–261, 2009.
• [6] F. Farmani, M. Moein, A. Amanzadeh, H. M. Kandelous, Z. Ehsanpour, and M. Salimi, “Antiproliferative evaluation and apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells by Ziziphus spina christi leaf extracts,” Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prev., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 315–321, 2016.
• [7] A. H. Brantner and Z. Males, “Quality assessment of Paliurus spina-christi extracts,” J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999.
• [8] A. Şen, “Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of fruit, leaf and branch extracts of Paliurus spina-christi P. Mill,” Marmara Pharm. J., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 328–333, Apr. 2018.
• [9] K. Takım and M. Işık, “Phytochemical Analysis of Paliurus spina-christi Fruit and Its Effects on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzymes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., vol. 191, no. 4, pp. 1353–1368, 2020.
• [10] M. Zor, S. Aydin, N. D. Güner, N. Başaran, and A. A. Başaran, “Antigenotoxic properties of Paliurus spina-christi Mill fruits and their active compounds,” BMC Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2017.
• [11] K. Takım, “Bioactive component analysis and investigation of antidiabetic effect of Jerusalem thorn (Paliurus spina-christi) fruits in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 264, no. August 2020, p. 113263, 2021.
• [12] F. A. Fisusi and E. O. Akala, “Drug Combinations in Breast Cancer Therapy,” Pharm. Nanotechnol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 3–23, 2019.
• [13] M. Mosaddegh, M. J. Khoshnood, M. Kamalinejad, and E. Alizadeh, “Study on the effect of paliurus spina-christi on cholesterol, triglyceride and hdl levels in diabetic male rats fed a high cholesterol diet,” Iran. J. Pharm. Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 51–54, 2004.
• [14] F. Ourique et al., “DNA damage and inhibition of akt pathway in MCF-7 cells and ehrlich tumor in mice treated with 1,4-naphthoquinones in combination with ascorbate,” Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., vol. 2015.