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Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones with Electron Donation

Year 2020, , 347 - 356, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.594611

Abstract

In this study, a series of chalcone derivatives was successfully synthesized via condensation of 1-acetylpyrene with dimethylamine, diphenylamine or carbazole containing benzaldehyde derivatives at basic conditions. Spectral characterisations were acquired by 1 and 2 dimensional NMR techniques and FTIR. In addition, UV-vis and thermal analysis studies were performed to determine their absorption properties and thermal behaviours, respectively. Lastly, surface and film generation properties were investigated by the means of SEM images on ITO glass to determine usability potential in organic electronics.

Thanks

The author is thankful to Department of Chemistry in Faculty of Arts and Sciences of Düzce University and Prof. Dr. Sefa DURMUŞ for all kind support.

References

  • Referans1] D. K. Mahapatra, S. K. Bharti, V. Asati, S. K. Singh, “Perspectives of medicinally privileged chalcone based metal coordination compounds for biomedical applications”, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 174, pp. 142-158, 2019.
  • Referans2 I. Karaman, H. Gezegen, M. B. Gürdere, A. Dingil, and M. Ceylan, “Screening of biological activities of a series of chalcone derivatives against human pathogenic microorganisms”, Chemistry & Biodiversity, vol. 7, pp. 400-408, 2010.
  • Referans3 S. R. Maidur, P. S. Patil, “Z-scan studies of third-order nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties of chalcones doped Poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films for visible laser protection”, Optical Materials, vol. 84, pp. 28-37, 2018.
  • Referans4 R. Agilandeshwari, V. Meenatchi, S. P. Meenakshisundaram, “Synthesis, growth, structure and characterisation of chalcone crystal: A novel organic NLO material”, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 1118, pp. 356-366, 2016.
  • Referans5 H. Gezegen, A. Dingil, and M. Ceylan, “Three-Step Synthesis of 2,4-Diaryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives”, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 47, pp. 1017-1024, 2010.
  • Referans6 S. A. Khan, A. M. Asiri, N. S. M. Al-Ghamdi, M. Asad, M. E. M. Zayed, S. A. K. Elroby, F. M. Aqlan, M. Y. Wani, K. Sharma, “Microwave assisted synthesis of chalcone and its polycyclic heterocyclic analogues as promising antibacterial agents: In vitro, in silico and DFT studies”, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 1190, pp. 77-85, 2019.
  • Referans7 H. Yamane, K. Tanaka, Y. Chujo, “Synthesis of a near-infrared light-absorbing polymer based on thiophene-substituted Aza-BODIPY”, Polymer Journal, vol. 50, pp. 271-275, 2018.
  • Referans8 M. Bansal and R. Kaur, “Electromeric effect of substitution at 6th position in 2-(Furan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4 H-chromen-4-one (FHC) on the absorption and emission spectra”, Journal of Chemical Sciences vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 405-412, 2015.
  • Referans9 X. Yang, X. Guo, M. Qin, X. Yuan, H. Jing and B. Chen, “Metal-free iodine(III)-promoted synthesis of 2,5-diaryloxazoles”, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, vol. 16, pp. 3104-3108, 2018.
  • Referans10 D. Usjak, B. Ivkovic, D. D. Bozic, L. Boskovic, M. Milenkovic, “Antimicrobial activity of novel chalcones and modulation of virulence factors in hospital strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, Microbial Pathogenesis, vol. 131, pp. 186-196, 2019.
  • Referans11 G. Singh, A. Arora, P. Kalra, I. K. Maurya, C. E. Ruizc, M. A. Estebanc, S. Sinha, K. Goyal, R. Sehgal, “A strategic approach to the synthesis of ferrocene appended chalcone linked triazole allied organosilatranes: Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antioxidant studies”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 27, pp. 188-195, 2019.
  • Referans12 L. F. Castano, V. Cuartas, A. Bernal, A. Insuasty, J.Guzman, O. Vidal, V. Rubio, G. Puerto, P. Lukac, V. Vimberg, G. Balikova-Novtona, L. Vannucci, J. Janata, J. Quiroga, R. Abonia, M.Nogueras, J. Cobo, B. Insuasty, “New chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids exhibiting anticancer and antituberculosis activity” European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 176, pp. 50-60, 2019.
  • Referans13 N. Gencer, Ç. Bilen, D. Demir, A. Atahan, M. Ceylan and M. Küçükislamoğlu, “In vitro inhibition effect of some chalcones on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II”, Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, vol. 41, pp. 384-388, 2013.
  • Referans14 A. Özdemir, M. D. Altıntop, G. Turan-Zitouni, G. Akalın Çiftçi, İ. Ertorun, Ö. Alataş, Z. A. Kaplancıklı, “Synthesis and evaluation of new indole-based chalcones as potential antiinflammatory agents”, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 89, pp. 304-309, 2015.
  • Referans15 R. H. Hans, E. M. Guantai, C. Lategan, P. J. Smith, B. Wan, S. G. Franzblau, J. Gut, P. J. Rosenthal, K. Chibale, “Synthesis, antimalarial and antitubercular activity of acetylenic chalcones”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 20, pp. 942-944, 2010.
  • Referans16 M. Gaber, S.A. El-Daly, T.A. Fayed, Y.S. El-Sayed, “Photophysical properties, laser activity and photoreactivity of a heteroaryl chalcone A model of solvatochromic fluorophore”, Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 40, pp. 528-537, 2008
  • Referans17 S. Satheeshchandra, D. Haleshappa, S. Rohith, A. Jayarama, N. Shetty, “Novel benzofuran based chalcone material for potential nonlinear optical application”, Physica B: Condensed Matter vol. 560, pp. 191-196, 2019.
  • Referans18 A. Kamal, K. Kumar, V. Kumar, R. Kumar Mahajan, “Electrochemical and Chromogenic Sensors Based on Ferrocene Appended Chalcone for Selective Quantification of Copper (II)”, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 145, pp. 307-313, 2014.
  • Referans19 J. Prabhu, K. Velmurugan, R. Nandhakumar, “Development of fluorescent lead II sensor based on an anthracene derived chalcone”, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 144, pp. 23-28, 2015.
  • Referans20 H. Karaca, Catalytic Oxidation of 2-Mercaptoethanol by Cobalt(II) phthalocyanines Bearing Chalcone with Furan and Thiophene Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1699-1703, 2018.
  • Referans21 A. Karuppusamy, T. Vandana, P. Kannan, “Pyrene based chalcone materials as solid state luminogens with aggregation-induced enhanced emission properties” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 345, pp. 11-20, 2017.
  • Referans22 S. R. Maidur, P. S. Patil, “Linear optical and third-order nonlinear optical properties of anthracene chalcone derivatives doped PMMA thin films”. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 190 pp. 54-67 2019.
  • Referans23 B. Delavaux-Nicot, J. Maynadie, D. Lavabre, S. Fery-Forgues, “Two electroactive ferrocenyl chalcones as original optical chemosensors for Ca2+ and Ba2+ cations in CH3CN”, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 692, pp. 3351-3362, 2007.
  • Referans24 Y. Sun, H. Chen, D. Cao, Z. Liu, H. Chen, Y. Deng, Q. Fang, “Chalcone derivatives as fluorescence turn-on chemosensors for cyanide anions” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 244, pp. 65-70, 2012.
  • Referans25 Z. Luo, B. Liu, T. Qin, K. Zhu, C. Zhao, C. Pan, L. Wang, “Cyclization of chalcone enables ratiometric fluorescence determination of hydrazine with a high selectivity”, Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 263, pp. 229-236, 2018.
  • Referans26 L. Pineiro, M. Novo, W. Al-Soufi, “Fluorescence emission of pyrene in surfactant solutions”, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 215, pp. 1-12, 2015.
  • Referans27 B. Wang, J. Zhao, C. Cui, M. Wang, Z. Wang, Q. He, “Electrochemical synthesis, characterization and electrochromic properties of a copolymer based on 1,4-bis(2-thienyl)naphthalene and pyrene”, Optical Materials, vol. 34, pp. 1095-1101. 2012.
  • Referans28 X. Feng, C. Qi, H. T. Feng, Z. Zhao, H. H. Y. Sung, I. D. Williams, R. T. K. Kwok, J. W. Y. Lam, A. Qin and B. Z. Tang, “Dual fluorescence of tetraphenylethylene substituted pyrenes with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for white-light emission”, Chemical Sciences, vol., 9, pp. 5679-5687, 2018.
  • Referans29 Y. Zhang, B. He, J. Liu, S. Hu, L. Pan, Z. Zhao, and B. Z. Tang, “Aggregation-induced emission and working mechanism of 1-benzoyl and 1-benzyl pyrene derivatives, Physical Chemistry Chemical physics, vol. 20, pp. 9922-9929, 2018.
  • Referans30 F. Lu, T. Takaya, K. Iwata, I. Kawamura, A. Saeki, M. Ishii, K. Nagura, T. Nakanishi, “A Guide to Design Functional Molecular Liquids with Tailorable Properties using Pyrene-Fluorescence as a Probe”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, no. 3416, pp.1-12, 2017.
  • Referans31 E. Fındık, A. Dingil, I. Karaman, M. Ceylan, “Synthesis of Terpenoid-Like Bischalcones from α- and β-Ionones and Their Biological Activities”, Synthetic Communications vol. 1, no 39, pp. 4362-4374, 2009.
  • Referans32 F. Sönmez, S. Sevmezler, A. Atahan, M. Ceylan, D. Demir, N. Gencer, O. Arslan, M. Küçükislamoğlu, “Evaluation of new chalcone derivatives as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 21, pp. 7479-7482, 2011.
  • Referans33 E. M. Hussein, S. A. Ahmed and I. I. Althagafi, “A convenient regioselective synthesis of spirooxindolinopyrrolizidines incorporating the pyrene moiety through a [3+2]cycloaddition reaction”, Heterocyclic Communications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 379-384, 2017.
  • Referans34 H. J. Lee, J. Sohn, J. Hwang, and S. Y. Park, “Triphenylamine-Cored Bifunctional Organic Molecules for Two-Photon Absorption and Photorefraction” Chemical Materials, vol. 16, pp. 456-465, 2004.
  • Referans35 O. Bagheri, H. Dehghani, “Effect of Isonicotinate derivatives as additive on the photovoltaic performance of Carbazole-dye sensitized nanostructured TiO2 solar cells”, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 186, pp. 43-49 2015.
Year 2020, , 347 - 356, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.594611

Abstract

References

  • Referans1] D. K. Mahapatra, S. K. Bharti, V. Asati, S. K. Singh, “Perspectives of medicinally privileged chalcone based metal coordination compounds for biomedical applications”, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 174, pp. 142-158, 2019.
  • Referans2 I. Karaman, H. Gezegen, M. B. Gürdere, A. Dingil, and M. Ceylan, “Screening of biological activities of a series of chalcone derivatives against human pathogenic microorganisms”, Chemistry & Biodiversity, vol. 7, pp. 400-408, 2010.
  • Referans3 S. R. Maidur, P. S. Patil, “Z-scan studies of third-order nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties of chalcones doped Poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films for visible laser protection”, Optical Materials, vol. 84, pp. 28-37, 2018.
  • Referans4 R. Agilandeshwari, V. Meenatchi, S. P. Meenakshisundaram, “Synthesis, growth, structure and characterisation of chalcone crystal: A novel organic NLO material”, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 1118, pp. 356-366, 2016.
  • Referans5 H. Gezegen, A. Dingil, and M. Ceylan, “Three-Step Synthesis of 2,4-Diaryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives”, Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 47, pp. 1017-1024, 2010.
  • Referans6 S. A. Khan, A. M. Asiri, N. S. M. Al-Ghamdi, M. Asad, M. E. M. Zayed, S. A. K. Elroby, F. M. Aqlan, M. Y. Wani, K. Sharma, “Microwave assisted synthesis of chalcone and its polycyclic heterocyclic analogues as promising antibacterial agents: In vitro, in silico and DFT studies”, Journal of Molecular Structure, vol. 1190, pp. 77-85, 2019.
  • Referans7 H. Yamane, K. Tanaka, Y. Chujo, “Synthesis of a near-infrared light-absorbing polymer based on thiophene-substituted Aza-BODIPY”, Polymer Journal, vol. 50, pp. 271-275, 2018.
  • Referans8 M. Bansal and R. Kaur, “Electromeric effect of substitution at 6th position in 2-(Furan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4 H-chromen-4-one (FHC) on the absorption and emission spectra”, Journal of Chemical Sciences vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 405-412, 2015.
  • Referans9 X. Yang, X. Guo, M. Qin, X. Yuan, H. Jing and B. Chen, “Metal-free iodine(III)-promoted synthesis of 2,5-diaryloxazoles”, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, vol. 16, pp. 3104-3108, 2018.
  • Referans10 D. Usjak, B. Ivkovic, D. D. Bozic, L. Boskovic, M. Milenkovic, “Antimicrobial activity of novel chalcones and modulation of virulence factors in hospital strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, Microbial Pathogenesis, vol. 131, pp. 186-196, 2019.
  • Referans11 G. Singh, A. Arora, P. Kalra, I. K. Maurya, C. E. Ruizc, M. A. Estebanc, S. Sinha, K. Goyal, R. Sehgal, “A strategic approach to the synthesis of ferrocene appended chalcone linked triazole allied organosilatranes: Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antioxidant studies”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 27, pp. 188-195, 2019.
  • Referans12 L. F. Castano, V. Cuartas, A. Bernal, A. Insuasty, J.Guzman, O. Vidal, V. Rubio, G. Puerto, P. Lukac, V. Vimberg, G. Balikova-Novtona, L. Vannucci, J. Janata, J. Quiroga, R. Abonia, M.Nogueras, J. Cobo, B. Insuasty, “New chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids exhibiting anticancer and antituberculosis activity” European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 176, pp. 50-60, 2019.
  • Referans13 N. Gencer, Ç. Bilen, D. Demir, A. Atahan, M. Ceylan and M. Küçükislamoğlu, “In vitro inhibition effect of some chalcones on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II”, Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, vol. 41, pp. 384-388, 2013.
  • Referans14 A. Özdemir, M. D. Altıntop, G. Turan-Zitouni, G. Akalın Çiftçi, İ. Ertorun, Ö. Alataş, Z. A. Kaplancıklı, “Synthesis and evaluation of new indole-based chalcones as potential antiinflammatory agents”, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 89, pp. 304-309, 2015.
  • Referans15 R. H. Hans, E. M. Guantai, C. Lategan, P. J. Smith, B. Wan, S. G. Franzblau, J. Gut, P. J. Rosenthal, K. Chibale, “Synthesis, antimalarial and antitubercular activity of acetylenic chalcones”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 20, pp. 942-944, 2010.
  • Referans16 M. Gaber, S.A. El-Daly, T.A. Fayed, Y.S. El-Sayed, “Photophysical properties, laser activity and photoreactivity of a heteroaryl chalcone A model of solvatochromic fluorophore”, Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 40, pp. 528-537, 2008
  • Referans17 S. Satheeshchandra, D. Haleshappa, S. Rohith, A. Jayarama, N. Shetty, “Novel benzofuran based chalcone material for potential nonlinear optical application”, Physica B: Condensed Matter vol. 560, pp. 191-196, 2019.
  • Referans18 A. Kamal, K. Kumar, V. Kumar, R. Kumar Mahajan, “Electrochemical and Chromogenic Sensors Based on Ferrocene Appended Chalcone for Selective Quantification of Copper (II)”, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 145, pp. 307-313, 2014.
  • Referans19 J. Prabhu, K. Velmurugan, R. Nandhakumar, “Development of fluorescent lead II sensor based on an anthracene derived chalcone”, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 144, pp. 23-28, 2015.
  • Referans20 H. Karaca, Catalytic Oxidation of 2-Mercaptoethanol by Cobalt(II) phthalocyanines Bearing Chalcone with Furan and Thiophene Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1699-1703, 2018.
  • Referans21 A. Karuppusamy, T. Vandana, P. Kannan, “Pyrene based chalcone materials as solid state luminogens with aggregation-induced enhanced emission properties” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 345, pp. 11-20, 2017.
  • Referans22 S. R. Maidur, P. S. Patil, “Linear optical and third-order nonlinear optical properties of anthracene chalcone derivatives doped PMMA thin films”. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 190 pp. 54-67 2019.
  • Referans23 B. Delavaux-Nicot, J. Maynadie, D. Lavabre, S. Fery-Forgues, “Two electroactive ferrocenyl chalcones as original optical chemosensors for Ca2+ and Ba2+ cations in CH3CN”, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 692, pp. 3351-3362, 2007.
  • Referans24 Y. Sun, H. Chen, D. Cao, Z. Liu, H. Chen, Y. Deng, Q. Fang, “Chalcone derivatives as fluorescence turn-on chemosensors for cyanide anions” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 244, pp. 65-70, 2012.
  • Referans25 Z. Luo, B. Liu, T. Qin, K. Zhu, C. Zhao, C. Pan, L. Wang, “Cyclization of chalcone enables ratiometric fluorescence determination of hydrazine with a high selectivity”, Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 263, pp. 229-236, 2018.
  • Referans26 L. Pineiro, M. Novo, W. Al-Soufi, “Fluorescence emission of pyrene in surfactant solutions”, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 215, pp. 1-12, 2015.
  • Referans27 B. Wang, J. Zhao, C. Cui, M. Wang, Z. Wang, Q. He, “Electrochemical synthesis, characterization and electrochromic properties of a copolymer based on 1,4-bis(2-thienyl)naphthalene and pyrene”, Optical Materials, vol. 34, pp. 1095-1101. 2012.
  • Referans28 X. Feng, C. Qi, H. T. Feng, Z. Zhao, H. H. Y. Sung, I. D. Williams, R. T. K. Kwok, J. W. Y. Lam, A. Qin and B. Z. Tang, “Dual fluorescence of tetraphenylethylene substituted pyrenes with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for white-light emission”, Chemical Sciences, vol., 9, pp. 5679-5687, 2018.
  • Referans29 Y. Zhang, B. He, J. Liu, S. Hu, L. Pan, Z. Zhao, and B. Z. Tang, “Aggregation-induced emission and working mechanism of 1-benzoyl and 1-benzyl pyrene derivatives, Physical Chemistry Chemical physics, vol. 20, pp. 9922-9929, 2018.
  • Referans30 F. Lu, T. Takaya, K. Iwata, I. Kawamura, A. Saeki, M. Ishii, K. Nagura, T. Nakanishi, “A Guide to Design Functional Molecular Liquids with Tailorable Properties using Pyrene-Fluorescence as a Probe”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, no. 3416, pp.1-12, 2017.
  • Referans31 E. Fındık, A. Dingil, I. Karaman, M. Ceylan, “Synthesis of Terpenoid-Like Bischalcones from α- and β-Ionones and Their Biological Activities”, Synthetic Communications vol. 1, no 39, pp. 4362-4374, 2009.
  • Referans32 F. Sönmez, S. Sevmezler, A. Atahan, M. Ceylan, D. Demir, N. Gencer, O. Arslan, M. Küçükislamoğlu, “Evaluation of new chalcone derivatives as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors”, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 21, pp. 7479-7482, 2011.
  • Referans33 E. M. Hussein, S. A. Ahmed and I. I. Althagafi, “A convenient regioselective synthesis of spirooxindolinopyrrolizidines incorporating the pyrene moiety through a [3+2]cycloaddition reaction”, Heterocyclic Communications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 379-384, 2017.
  • Referans34 H. J. Lee, J. Sohn, J. Hwang, and S. Y. Park, “Triphenylamine-Cored Bifunctional Organic Molecules for Two-Photon Absorption and Photorefraction” Chemical Materials, vol. 16, pp. 456-465, 2004.
  • Referans35 O. Bagheri, H. Dehghani, “Effect of Isonicotinate derivatives as additive on the photovoltaic performance of Carbazole-dye sensitized nanostructured TiO2 solar cells”, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 186, pp. 43-49 2015.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Alparslan Atahan 0000-0001-8904-9377

Publication Date April 1, 2020
Submission Date July 20, 2019
Acceptance Date January 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Atahan, A. (2020). Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones with Electron Donation. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 24(2), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.594611
AMA Atahan A. Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones with Electron Donation. SAUJS. April 2020;24(2):347-356. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.594611
Chicago Atahan, Alparslan. “Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones With Electron Donation”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 24, no. 2 (April 2020): 347-56. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.594611.
EndNote Atahan A (April 1, 2020) Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones with Electron Donation. Sakarya University Journal of Science 24 2 347–356.
IEEE A. Atahan, “Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones with Electron Donation”, SAUJS, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 347–356, 2020, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.594611.
ISNAD Atahan, Alparslan. “Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones With Electron Donation”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 24/2 (April 2020), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.594611.
JAMA Atahan A. Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones with Electron Donation. SAUJS. 2020;24:347–356.
MLA Atahan, Alparslan. “Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones With Electron Donation”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 24, no. 2, 2020, pp. 347-56, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.594611.
Vancouver Atahan A. Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaromatic Chalcones with Electron Donation. SAUJS. 2020;24(2):347-56.

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