Synthesis of Gd doped TiO2 Thin Film for Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green

Year 2020, , 1210 - 1215, 01.12.2020

Hasan Eskalen , Süleyman Kerli

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.772590

Cited By: 3

Abstract

In this research work, a simple spray pyrolysis method was employed to synthesized gadolinium (Gd) doped titanium oxide (TiO2) thin film. The crystal structure and morphology of the sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to XRD measurements, no apparent crystal peak was observed. The thickness of the prepared film was found to be 228 nm from SEM observation. The optical transmittance and bandgap energy of the synthesized thin film was investigated by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The high transmission of the thin film was found in the visible region. The optical bandgap energy of the prepared film was found to be 2.85 eV. The photocatalytic degradation of malachite green solution was studied. As a result of the photocatalytic experiment, the thin film could be used as an effective photocatalyst for malachite green dye.

Keywords

Spray pyrolysis, XRD, SEM, Ti02, machalite green

References

• B. Astinchap, K.G. Laelabadi, Effects of substrate temperature and precursor amount on optical properties and microstructure of CVD deposited amorphous TiO 2 thin films, J. Phys. Chem. Solids. vol. 129, pp. 217–226, 2019.
• H. Eskalen, Y. Kavun, S. Kerli, S. Eken, An investigation of radiation shielding properties of boron doped ZnO thin films, Opt. Mater. (Amst). vol. 105, 109871, 2020.
• S. Kerli, Ü. Alver, H. Eskalen, A.K. Soğuksu, Electrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of In2O3-Co3O4 thin films, Comptes Rendus L’Academie Bulg. Des Sci. vol. 72, pp. 327–332, 2019.
• Y.M. Hunge, M.A. Mahadik, R.N. Bulakhe, S.P. Yadav, J.J. Shim, A. V. Moholkar, C.H. Bhosale, Oxidative degradation of benzoic acid using spray deposited WO3/TiO2 thin films, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. vol. 28 pp. 17976–17984, 2017.
• S. Dhanapandian, A. Arunachalam, C. Manoharan, Effect of deposition parameters on the properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. vol. 77, pp. 119–135, 2016.
• Y. Sheng, J. Yang, F. Wang, L. Liu, H. Liu, C. Yan, Z. Guo, Sol-gel synthesized hexagonal boron nitride/titania nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity, Appl. Surf. Sci. vol. 465 pp. 154–163, 2019.
• P. Niu, G. Wu, P. Chen, H. Zheng, Q. Cao, H. Jiang, Optimization of Boron Doped TiO2 as an Efficient Visible Light-Driven Photocatalyst for Organic Dye Degradation With High Reusability, Front. Chem. vol. 8, pp. 1–8, 2020.
• A. You, M.A.Y. Be, I. In, Self-cleaning properties of nanostructured TiO2 thin films synthesized via facile , cost- effective spin coating technique Self-Cleaning Properties of Nanostructured TiO 2 Thin Films Synthesized via Facile , Cost-effective Spin Coating Technique, 030319 2019.
• C. Xue, W. Wang, T. Han, Y. Wang, Y. Dong, S. Hu, J. Yang, W. Wang, Boron-doped TiO 2 Nanotube Array : In-situ Electrochemical Preparation and Study on its Photocatalytic Activity Bor ron-doped TiO T 2 Nanotu ube Array : In-situ Elec ctrochemica al Preparatio on and Stud dy on its Pho otocatalytic Activity, 2016.
• K.R. Reyes-Gil, D.B. Robinson, WO3-enhanced TiO2 Nanotube Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting with Simultaneous Wastewater Treatment, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. vol. 5, pp. 12400–12410, 2013.
• N. Boscher, C.J. Carmalt, Interstitial Boron-Doped TiO2 Thin Films: The Significant Effect of Boron on TiO2 Coatings Grown by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition, 2016.
• J. Xu, Y. Ao, M. Chen, D. Fu, Low-temperature preparation of Boron-doped titania by hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic activity, J. Alloys Compd. vol. 484, pp. 73–79, 2009.
• D. Tekin, H. Kiziltas, H. Ungan, Kinetic evaluation of ZnO/TiO2 thin film photocatalyst in photocatalytic degradation of Orange G, J. Mol. Liq. 306, 112905, 2020.
• F. Bensouici, M. Bououdina, A.A. Dakhel, R. Tala-Ighil, M. Tounane, A. Iratni, T. Souier, S. Liu, W. Cai, Optical, structural and photocatalysis properties of Cu-doped TiO 2 thin films, Appl. Surf. Sci. vol. 395, pp. 110–116, 2017.
• H. Phattepur, B.S. Gowrishankar, G. Nagaraju, Synthesis of gadolinium-doped TiO 2 thin films by sol–gel spin coating technique and its application in degradation of rhodamine-B, Indian Chem. Eng. vol. 61, pp. 167–181, 2019.
• H. Lee, I.S. Park, H.J. Bang, Y.K. Park, H. Kim, H.H. Ha, B.J. Kim, S.C. Jung, Fabrication of Gd-La codoped TiO 2 composite via a liquid phase plasma method and its application as visible-light photocatalysts, Appl. Surf. Sci. vol. 471 pp. 893–899, 2019.
• H. Mohamed, E. Chikoidze, A. Ratep, A.M.A. Elsoud, M. Boshta, M.B.S. Osman, Synthesis of conducting single-phase CuFeO2 thin films by spray pyrolysis technique, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. vol. 107, 104831, 2020.
• S. Kerli, Fabrication and Physical Properties of Bor-Fluorine Doped ZnO Particles and Thin Films, PhD Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, 2012.
• M. Ben Chobba, M. Messaoud, M.L. Weththimuni, J. Bouaziz, M. Licchelli, F. De Leo, C. Urzì, Preparation and characterization of photocatalytic Gd-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for water treatment, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. vol. 26 pp. 32734–32745, 2019.
• N. Nithyaa, N.V. Jaya, Structural , Optical , and Magnetic Properties of Gd-Doped TiO 2 Nanoparticles, pp. 4117–4126, 2018.
• M. Saif, S.A. El-Molla, S.M.K. Aboul-Fotouh, M.M. Ibrahim, L.F.M. Ismail, D.C. Dahn, Nanostructured Gd3+-TiO2 surfaces for self-cleaning application, J. Mol. Struct. vol. 1067, pp. 120–126, 2014.
• A. Ahmad, G. Yerlikaya, Zia-ur-Rehman, H. Paksoy, G. Kardaş, Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting using gadolinium doped titanium dioxide nanorod array photoanodes, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. vol. 45, pp. 2709–2719, 2020.
• S. Paul, P. Chetri, B. Choudhury, G. Ameen Ahmed, A. Choudhury, Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Gadolinium doped nanocrystalline titania: An experimental and theoretical study, J. Colloid Interface Sci. vol. 439, pp. 54–61, 2015.
• X.Q. Cheng, C.Y. Ma, X.Y. Yi, F. Yuan, Y. Xie, J.M. Hu, B.C. Hu, Q.Y. Zhang, Structural, morphological, optical and photocatalytic properties of Gd-doped TiO2 films, Thin Solid Films. vol. 615, pp. 13–18, 2016.