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Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study

Year 2022, , 347 - 356, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.997699

Abstract

Seismic performance of existing liquid pentane storage tanks located in a tank farm in Turkey Kocaeli region, which is a high seismic region, is studied. The tanks are free-to-slide on their existing reinforced concrete foundation. The tanks seismic performance is evaluated based on the 2018-Turkish Building Seismic Code and API 650 provisions using three-dimensional (3D) finite element methods with nonlinear time-history analysis. The developed FE model for seismic performance assessment of the existing tanks includes tank-foundation dynamic interaction, tank supports uplifting, and sliding over the foundation. The study revealed poor and inadequate seismic performance for the existing tanks due to lack of tank foundation-anchorage. A practical seismic retrofit strategy is developed to anchor the tanks to the existing reinforced concrete foundation. Prefabricated and field-welding free steel split sleeves are developed for the tank anchorage. The retrofitted tank seismic performance is evaluated to verify the proposed retrofit strategy and its effects on tank seismic behavior. The base shear and uplift reactions for the retrofitted tank are monitored for the anchorage design. Tank top drift, which is an important seismic performance parameter for tank piping, and tank steel material yielding are also checked to verify adequacy of the proposed retrofit strategy.

Supporting Institution

Ozyegin University

Project Number

NA

Thanks

NA

References

  • [1] NIST GCR 97-720, “A study of the performance of petroleum storage tanks during earthquakes, 1933-1995,” Building and Fire Research Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1997. [Online]. Available: https://nehrpsearch.nist.gov/static/files/NIST/PB99132896.pdf.
  • [2] J. Radnić, N. Grgić, M. S. Kusić, and A. Harapin, “Shake table testing of an open rectangular water tank with water sloshing,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, vol. 81, pp. 97-115, 2018.
  • [3] M. Sivý, and M. Musil, “Seismic resistance of storage tanks containing liquid in accordance with principles of Eurocode 8 standard,” Strojnícky časopis-Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 79-88, 2016.
  • [4] American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), “Guidelines for seismic evaluation and design of petrochemical facilities,” ASCE, New York, NY, USA, 1998.
  • [5] API 650 Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, American Petroleum Institute Standard 11th Ed. 2007.
  • [6] Turkish Code for Seismic Design of Pipeline Systems and Liquid Storage Tanks Seismic [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/03/20210307-1-1.pdf.
  • [7] P. Code, "Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings." Brussels: European Committee for Standardization, 2005.
  • [8] E. W. Graham and A. M. Rodriguez, “The characteristics of fuel motion which affect airplane dynamics,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 19, pp. 3881-3888, 1952.
  • [9] L. S. Jacobsen, "Impulsive hydrodynamics of fluid inside a cylindrical tank and of fluid surrounding a cylindrical pier," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 39, no.3, pp. 189-204, 1949.
  • [10] G. W. Housner, “Dynamic Behavior Water Tanks,” Bulletin of the Seismology Society of America, vol. 53, no.2, pp. 381-387, 1963.
  • [11] M.A. Haroun and G.W. Housner, “Dynamic characteristics of liquid storage tanks,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, vol. 108, no.5, pp. 783-800, 1982.
  • [12] A. N. Oskouei and E. N. Naghani, “Mechanical behavior investigation for an atmospheric storage tank according to API 650 under loads using FEM,” Journal of Current Research in Science, Vol. 2, no.5, pp. 664-672, 2014.
  • [13] D. Hernandez-Hernandez, T. Larkin, and N. Chouw, “Evaluation of the adequacy of a spring-mass model in analyses of liquid sloshing in anchored tanks,” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 50, no. 14, pp. 3916-3935, 2021.
  • [14] K. Bakalis and S. A. Karamanos, “Uplift mechanics of unanchored liquid storage tanks subjected to lateral earthquake loading,” Thin-Walled Structures, vol 158, 2021.
  • [15] M. Kalantari, M. R. Nikoomanesh, and M. A. Goudarzi, “Applicability of mas-spring models for seismically isolated liquid storage tanks,” Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1950002, 2019.
  • [16] M. A. Goudarzi, and S. R. Sabbagh-Yazdi, “Numerical investigation on accuracy of mass spring models for cylindrical tanks under seismic excitation,” Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 190-202, 2009.
  • [17] X. Yao, L. Meng, P. Chu, and L. Yao, “Modeling research and test verification of the seismic response of a multistage series liquid tank,” Shock and Vibration, vol. 2021, 2021.
  • [18] Turkish Seismic Earthquake Code (TBDY). [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/03/20180318M1-2-1.pdf.
  • [19] The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), “Turkey Earthquake Risk Maps,” [Online]. Available: https://tdth.afad.gov.tr.
  • [20] PEER Strong Motion Database. [Online]. Available: http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/index.html.
  • [21] ABAQUS/Standard (2021). Dassault Systemes. [Online]. Available: https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/.
  • [22] B. G. Rabbat and H. G. Russell, “Friction coefficient of steel on concrete or grout,” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 505-515, 1985.
Year 2022, , 347 - 356, 30.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.997699

Abstract

Project Number

NA

References

  • [1] NIST GCR 97-720, “A study of the performance of petroleum storage tanks during earthquakes, 1933-1995,” Building and Fire Research Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1997. [Online]. Available: https://nehrpsearch.nist.gov/static/files/NIST/PB99132896.pdf.
  • [2] J. Radnić, N. Grgić, M. S. Kusić, and A. Harapin, “Shake table testing of an open rectangular water tank with water sloshing,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, vol. 81, pp. 97-115, 2018.
  • [3] M. Sivý, and M. Musil, “Seismic resistance of storage tanks containing liquid in accordance with principles of Eurocode 8 standard,” Strojnícky časopis-Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 79-88, 2016.
  • [4] American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), “Guidelines for seismic evaluation and design of petrochemical facilities,” ASCE, New York, NY, USA, 1998.
  • [5] API 650 Welded Tanks for Oil Storage, American Petroleum Institute Standard 11th Ed. 2007.
  • [6] Turkish Code for Seismic Design of Pipeline Systems and Liquid Storage Tanks Seismic [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/03/20210307-1-1.pdf.
  • [7] P. Code, "Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings." Brussels: European Committee for Standardization, 2005.
  • [8] E. W. Graham and A. M. Rodriguez, “The characteristics of fuel motion which affect airplane dynamics,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 19, pp. 3881-3888, 1952.
  • [9] L. S. Jacobsen, "Impulsive hydrodynamics of fluid inside a cylindrical tank and of fluid surrounding a cylindrical pier," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 39, no.3, pp. 189-204, 1949.
  • [10] G. W. Housner, “Dynamic Behavior Water Tanks,” Bulletin of the Seismology Society of America, vol. 53, no.2, pp. 381-387, 1963.
  • [11] M.A. Haroun and G.W. Housner, “Dynamic characteristics of liquid storage tanks,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, vol. 108, no.5, pp. 783-800, 1982.
  • [12] A. N. Oskouei and E. N. Naghani, “Mechanical behavior investigation for an atmospheric storage tank according to API 650 under loads using FEM,” Journal of Current Research in Science, Vol. 2, no.5, pp. 664-672, 2014.
  • [13] D. Hernandez-Hernandez, T. Larkin, and N. Chouw, “Evaluation of the adequacy of a spring-mass model in analyses of liquid sloshing in anchored tanks,” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 50, no. 14, pp. 3916-3935, 2021.
  • [14] K. Bakalis and S. A. Karamanos, “Uplift mechanics of unanchored liquid storage tanks subjected to lateral earthquake loading,” Thin-Walled Structures, vol 158, 2021.
  • [15] M. Kalantari, M. R. Nikoomanesh, and M. A. Goudarzi, “Applicability of mas-spring models for seismically isolated liquid storage tanks,” Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1950002, 2019.
  • [16] M. A. Goudarzi, and S. R. Sabbagh-Yazdi, “Numerical investigation on accuracy of mass spring models for cylindrical tanks under seismic excitation,” Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 190-202, 2009.
  • [17] X. Yao, L. Meng, P. Chu, and L. Yao, “Modeling research and test verification of the seismic response of a multistage series liquid tank,” Shock and Vibration, vol. 2021, 2021.
  • [18] Turkish Seismic Earthquake Code (TBDY). [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/03/20180318M1-2-1.pdf.
  • [19] The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), “Turkey Earthquake Risk Maps,” [Online]. Available: https://tdth.afad.gov.tr.
  • [20] PEER Strong Motion Database. [Online]. Available: http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/index.html.
  • [21] ABAQUS/Standard (2021). Dassault Systemes. [Online]. Available: https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/products/abaqus/.
  • [22] B. G. Rabbat and H. G. Russell, “Friction coefficient of steel on concrete or grout,” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 505-515, 1985.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Civil Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Bülent Erkmen 0000-0002-3980-3770

Project Number NA
Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date September 20, 2021
Acceptance Date March 13, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Erkmen, B. (2022). Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 26(2), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.997699
AMA Erkmen B. Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study. SAUJS. April 2022;26(2):347-356. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.997699
Chicago Erkmen, Bülent. “Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26, no. 2 (April 2022): 347-56. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.997699.
EndNote Erkmen B (April 1, 2022) Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26 2 347–356.
IEEE B. Erkmen, “Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study”, SAUJS, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 347–356, 2022, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.997699.
ISNAD Erkmen, Bülent. “Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26/2 (April 2022), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.997699.
JAMA Erkmen B. Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study. SAUJS. 2022;26:347–356.
MLA Erkmen, Bülent. “Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 26, no. 2, 2022, pp. 347-56, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.997699.
Vancouver Erkmen B. Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit of Liquid Storage Tanks- Case Study. SAUJS. 2022;26(2):347-56.

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