24 January 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ Earthquake: Assessment of Seismic Characteristics of Earthquake, Earthquake Territory and Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 5, 892 - 907, 20.10.2022

İbrahim Özgür Dedeoğlu Musa Yetkın Yusuf Calayır

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1005024

Cited By: 1

Abstract

An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 (Mw) has occurred in Sivrice district of Elazığ province in Eastern Turkey, on January 24, 2020. The main shock and long-term aftershocks felt fairly by near vicinities. Many structures have been damaged severely or demolished at this moderate earthquake that occurred on East Anatolia Fault (EAF) zone. Also resulted in sum 41 casualties, including 37 people in Elazığ and 4 people in Malatya. The purpose of this paper is to give information of the tectonic characteristics of the EAF zone, the seismic characteristics of the earthquake territory, the general characteristics of the main shock and after-shocks. In addition, another purpose of this article is to reveal the damages caused by the earthquake in the reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Elazığ, with the post-earthquake field observations. The main reasons of damages have presented and discussed. The most important reason for damages of structures is the lack of engineering services, in other words, not being constructed properly with respect to the available building codes.

Keywords

2020 Sivrice-Elazığ-Earthquake, Reinforced concrete structures, Earthquake damage survey, East Anatolia Fault zone, Damage assessment

References

• [1] DEMA (2020) January 24, 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake Report, Turkey Republic, The Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Administration (DEMA).
• [2] A. I. Okay, M. Zattın, W. Cavazza, “Apatite fissiontrack data for the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision,” Geology, vol. 38, pp. 35-38, 2010.
• [3] K. Ergin, U. Güçlü, Z. Uz, “A catalog of earthquake for Turkey and surrounding area (11 A.D. to 1964 A.D.),” Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, 1967.
• [4] K. Ergin, U. Güçlü, G. Aksay, “A Catalog of Earthquakes of Turkey and Surrounding Area (1965–1970),” Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Institute of Physics of the Earth, Technical Report 28, 1971.
• [5] H. Eyidogan, U. Güçlü, Z. Utku, E. Değirmenci, “Macro-Seismic Directory of Major Earthquakes in Turkey (1900–1988),” ITU Mining Faculty, Department of Geophysical Engineering, Istanbul, 1991.
• [6] N.N. Ambraseys, “Temporary seismic quiescence: SE Turkey,” Geophysical Journal, vol. 96, pp. 311-331, 1989.
• [7] N. N. Ambraseys, C. Finkel, “Seismicity of Turkey and neighbouring regions 1500-1800,” Geophysical Journal of International, vol. 133, pp. 390-406, 1995.
• [8] N. N. Ambraseys, J.A. Jackson, “Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region,” Geophysical Journal International, vol. 133, pp. 390−406, 1998.
• [9] O. Tan, M.C. Tapırdamaz, A. Yörük, “The Earthquakes Catalogues for Turkey,” Turkish Journal of Earth Science, vol. 17, pp. 405–418, 2008.
• [10] D. Kalafat, Y. Güneş, K. Kekovalı, M. Yılmazer, “A revised and extended earthquake catalogue for Turkey since 1900 (M ≥ 4.0) (in Turkish),” Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Istanbul, pp 640-1049, 2011.
• [11] Ö. Emre, T.Y. Smoke, S. Özalp, H. Elmacı, Ş. Olgun, F. Şaroğlu, “1/1.250.000 Scaled Active Fault Map of Turkey,” General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration Special Publications Series, Ankara, Turkey, 2013.
• [12] O. Tatar, H. Sözbilir, F. Koçbulut, E. Bozkurt, E. Aksoy, S. Eski, B. Özmen, H. Alan, Y. Metin, “Surface deformations of 24 January 2020 Sivrice (Elazığ)–Doğanyol (Malatya) earthquake (Mw= 6.8) along the Pütürge segment of the East Anatolian Fault Zone and its comparison with Turkey’s 100-year-surface ruptures,” Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, vol. 2 (3), pp. 385-410, 2020.
• [13] H. Sezen, A. S. Whittaker, K.J. Elwood, K.M. Mosalam, “Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake, and seismic design and construction practise in Turkey,” Engineering Structure, vol. 25, pp.103–114, 2003.
• [14] A. Doğangün, “Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1, 2003 Bingöl earthquake in Turkey,” Engineering Structure, vol. 26, pp. 841–856, 2004.
• [15] Z. Celep, A. Erken, B. Taskin, A. Ilki, “Failures of masonry and concrete buildings during the March 8, 2010 Kovancılar and Palu (Elazığ) Earthquakes in Turkey,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 18, pp.868–889, 2011.
• [16] Y. Calayır, E. Sayın, B. Yön, “Performance of structures in the rural area during the March 8, 2010 Elazığ-Kovancılar earthquake,” Natural Hazards, vol. 61(2), pp. 703-717, 2012.
• [17] E. Sayın, B. Yön, O. Onat, M. Gör, M. E. Öncü, E. T. Tunç, D. Bakır, M. Karaton, Y. Calayır, “24 January 2020 Sivrice‑Elazığ, Turkey earthquake: geotechnical evaluation and performance of structures,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 19, pp. 657-684, 2021.
• [18] M. Günaydın, B. Atmaca, S. Demir, A. C. Altınışık, M. Hüsem, S. Adanur Ş. Ateş, Z. Angın, “Seismic damage assessment of masonry buildings in Elazığ and Malatya following the 2020 Elazığ‑Sivrice earthquake, Turkey,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 19, pp. 2421-2456, 2021.
• [19] M. Yetkın, İ. Ö. Dedeoğlu, Y. Calayır, “Investigation and Assessment of Damages in the Minarets Existing at Elazig After 24 January 2020 Sivrice Earthquake,” Fırat University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 33 (2), pp. 379-389, Sep. 2021.
• [20] URL-1. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/deprem-tehlike-haritasi. Access: February 01, 2021, URL-2. http://udim.koeri.boun.edu.tr/zeqmap/osmap.asp. Access: February 01, 2021.
• [22] Ministry of Environment and Urbanization-Elazığ Provincial Directorate of Environment and Urbanization Finalized damage assessment results for the 24 January 2020 earthquake. Elazığ, Turkey, 2020.
• [23] URL-3. https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/. Access: February 01, 2021.
• [24] Turkish Earthquake Code, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara (in Turkish), 2007.
• [25] Turkish Building Earthquake Code, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ankara (in Turkish), 2018.