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Intersecting Realities: Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Substance Abuse in Women – A Holistic Treatment Approach

Year 2024, , 1 - 16, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.61158/saukad.1437131

Abstract

The intersection of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and substance abuse in women presents a clinical tableau rich with complexity and challenges. This review explores the intricate relationship between BDD—a disorder characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with perceived physical flaws—and substance abuse, where women may turn to drugs or alcohol as a maladaptive coping mechanism to alleviate the distress associated with BDD. A literature-focused methodology was employed in the study. In this context, databases such as PubMed, DergiPark, WoS, and ScienceDirect were utilized to explore the relevant literature. The analysis delves into the unique manifestation of BDD in women, influenced by societal, cultural, and psychological factors that often impose stringent beauty standards and exacerbate body image concerns. Patterns of substance abuse among women are discussed, highlighting the rapid progression from usage to dependency, known as telescoping, and the impact of societal stigma that compounds the struggles of women with addiction. Risk factors for both conditions are examined, with a focus on shared contributors such as trauma, mental health comorbidities, and societal pressures. Current treatment approaches are reviewed, advocating for an integrated model that combines psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and holistic or alternative interventions. The review emphasizes the importance of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for BDD and Medication-Assisted Treatment for substance abuse, as well as the inclusion of mindfulness, meditation, and gender- The conclusion reinforces the imperative of a cohesive treatment strategy, underscoring the need for gender-specific, trauma-informed care that understands and addresses the complex interplay between BDD and substance abuse in women. This comprehensive approach promises more effective support and a hopeful pathway to recovery for women entangled in the web of these co-occurring disorders.

References

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  • Bendelow, G. (2009). Health, emotion and the body. Polity.
  • Benson, K. (2017). The effects of exercise on mental health: A research review.
  • Bizzarri, J. V., Rucci, P., Sbrana, A., Miniati, M., Raimondi, F., Ravani, L., ... & Cassano, G. B. (2009). Substance use in severe mental illness: Self-medication and vulnerability factors. Psychiatry research, 165(1-2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.009
  • Bjornsson, A. S., Didie, E. R., & Phillips, K. A. (2010). Body dysmorphic disorder. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 12(2), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson
  • Buhlmann, U., Reese, H. E., Renaud, S., & Wilhelm, S. (2008). Clinical considerations for the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Body Image, 5(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.12.002
  • Castle, D. J., Phillips, K. A., & Dufresne Jr, R. G. (2004). Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic dermatology: More than skin deep. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 3(2), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00105.x
  • Çelik, S., Fidan, E., Evren, C., Can, Y., Danışmant, B. S., Çavaş, Ş., & Erten, E. (2011). Body dysmorphic disorder and substance dependence: A case report. Dusunen Adam Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 24(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2011240110
  • Chung, C. H., Lin, I. J., Huang, Y. C., Sun, C. A., Chien, W. C., & Tzeng, N. S. (2023). The association between abused adults and substance abuse in Taiwan, 2000–2015. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04608-z
  • Claiborne, J., & Pedrick, C. (2002). The BDD Workbook: Overcome Body Dysmorphic Disorder and End Body Image Obessions with Worksheet. New Harbinger Publications.
  • Cormier, R. A., Dell, C. A., & Poole, N. (2004). Women and substance abuse problems. BMC women's health, 4, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S8
  • Cororve, M. B., & Gleaves, D. H. (2022). Body dysmorphic disorder: A review of conceptualizations, assessment, and treatment strategies. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette's Syndrome, 13-34. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203822937
  • Cosden, M., & Cortez-Ison, E. (1999). Sexual abuse, parental bonding, social support, and program retention for women in substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(2), 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(98)00043-9
  • Craggs-Hinton, C. (2012). Coping with Eating Disorders and Body Image. Hachette UK. Cushing, C. C., Jensen, C. D., Miller, M. B., & Leffingwell, T. R. (2014). Meta-analysis of motivational interviewing for adolescent health behavior: Efficacy beyond substance use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(6), 1212. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036912
  • Fetting, M. (2015). Perspectives on Substance Use, Disorders, and Addiction: With Clinical Cases. SAGE Publications.
  • Feusner, J. D., Neziroglu, F., Wilhelm, S., Mancusi, L., & Bohon, C. (2010). What causes BDD: Research findings and a proposed model. Psychiatric annals, 40(7), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20100701-08
  • Firth-Cozens, J. (2023). A perspective on stress and depression. In Understanding doctors' performance (pp. 22-37). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781846197062
  • Frayeh, A. L. (2015). The Effect of Mirrors on Women's Body Image and Affective Responses to Yoga. University of Minnesota.
  • Gallagher, C., & Brunelle, C. (2023). Heterogeneity in women’s trauma histories: Impact on substance use disorder severity. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 24(3), 395-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181476
  • Grant, L. P., Haughton, B., & Sachan, D. S. (2004). Nutrition education is positively associated with substance abuse treatment program outcomes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(4), 604-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.008
  • Greenfield, S. F., & Pirard, S. (2009). Gender-specific treatment for women with substance use disorders. Women and addiction: A comprehensive handbook, 289-306.
  • Greenfield, S. F., Sugarman, D. E., Freid, C. M., Bailey, G. L., Crisafulli, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., ... & Fitzmaurice, G. M. (2014). Group therapy for women with substance use disorders: Results from the Women's Recovery Group Study. Drug and alcohol dependence, 142, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.035
  • Gu, Y. Q., & Zhu, Y. (2023). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: Impact on core symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and executive functioning. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 81, 101869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101869
  • Hong, K., Nezgovorova, V., Uzunova, G., Schlussel, D., & Hollander, E. (2019). Pharmacological treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Current Neuropharmacology, 17(8), 697-702. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180426153940
  • Houchins, J. R., Kelly, M. M., & Phillips, K. A. (2019). Motives for illicit drug use among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 25(6), 427-436. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000428
  • Jefferies-Sewell, K., Chamberlain, S. R., Fineberg, N. A., & Laws, K. R. (2017). Cognitive dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder: New implications for nosological systems and neurobiological models. CNS spectrums, 22(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852916000468
  • Laughter, M. R., Anderson, J. B., Maymone, M. B., & Kroumpouzos, G. (2023). Psychology of aesthetics: Beauty, social media, and body dysmorphic disorder. Clinics in Dermatology, 41(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.03.002
  • Levenson, J. S., & Willis, G. M. (2019). Implementing trauma-informed care in correctional treatment and supervision. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 28(4), 481-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2018.1531959
  • Li, W., Arienzo, D., & Feusner, J. D. (2013). Body dysmorphic disorder: Neurobiological features and an updated model. Zeitschrift Für Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000213
  • Hofmann, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. (Eds.). (2017). The science of cognitive behavioral therapy. Academic Press.
  • Milligan, K., Niccols, A., Sword, W., Thabane, L., Henderson, J., Smith, A., & Liu, J. (2010). Maternal substance use and integrated treatment programs for women with substance abuse issues and their children: A meta-analysis. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 5, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-5-21
  • Nesse, R. M. (2023). Evolutionary psychiatry: Foundations, progress and challenges. World Psychiatry, 22(2), 177-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21072
  • Ng, J. P. (2023). Associations between socio-demographic factors and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) among UTAR Kampar undergraduate students (Doctoral dissertation, UTAR).
  • Parsons, A. (2021). A Nutrition Counseling Guide to Address Body Image and Body Function among Adolescents with Eating Disorders. California State University, Long Beach.
  • Perkins, A. (2019). Body dysmorphic disorder: The drive for perfection. Nursing made Incredibly Easy, 17(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NME.0000549614.97772.88
  • Phillips, K. A. (1991). Body dysmorphic disorder: The distress of imagined ugliness. Am J Psychiatry, 148(9), 1138-1149.
  • Phillips, K. A. (2005). The broken mirror: Understanding and treating body dysmorphic disorder. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Phillips, K. A. (2009). Understanding body dysmorphic disorder. Oxford University Press.
  • Phillips, K. A. (2015). Body dysmorphic disorder: Clinical aspects and relationship to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Focus, 13(2), 162-174. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.130205
  • Phillips, K. A., & Crino, R. D. (2001). Body dysmorphic disorder. Current opinion in psychiatry, 14(2), 113-118.
  • Phillips, K. A., & Diaz, S. F. (1997). Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 185(9), 570-577.
  • Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., & Fay, C. (2006). Gender similarities and differences in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry, 47(2), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.07.002
  • Phillips, K. A., & Susser, L. C. (2023a). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women. Psychiatric Clinics, 46(3), 505-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.007
  • Phillips, K. A., & Susser, L. C. (2023b). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women. Psychiatric Clinics, 46(3), 505-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.007
  • Phillips, K. A., & Susser, L. C. (2023c). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women. Psychiatric Clinics, 46(3), 505-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.007
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Kesişen Gerçeklikler: Kadınlarda Beden Disformik Bozukluğu ve Madde Bağımlılığı – Bütüncül Bir Tedavi Yaklaşımı

Year 2024, , 1 - 16, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.61158/saukad.1437131

Abstract

Kadınlarda görülen Beden Disformik Bozukluğu (BDD) ve madde bağımlılığının kesişimi, zengin bir karmaşıklık ve zorluklarla dolu klinik bir tablo sunmaktadır. Bu derleme, özellikle kadınları etkileyen ve genellikle katı güzellik standartları tarafından şiddetlendirilen beden imajı kaygılarını artıran toplumsal, kültürel ve psikolojik faktörlerin etkisi altında kadınlarda benzersiz bir şekilde ortaya çıkan BDD ile madde bağımlılığı arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi keşfetmektedir. Kadınlarda madde bağımlılığının modelleri tartışılmakta, kullanımdan bağımlılığa hızlı geçiş olan "teleskopik ilerleme" ve kadınların bağımlılık mücadelelerini derinleştiren toplumsal damgalamanın etkisi vurgulanmaktadır. Her iki durum için risk faktörleri incelenmekte olup, travma, ruh sağlığı eş hastalıkları ve toplumsal baskılar gibi ortak katkıda bulunanlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Mevcut tedavi yaklaşımları gözden geçirilmiş, BDD için Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi ve madde bağımlılığı için İlaç Destekli Tedavi gibi tedavilerin yanı sıra geniş bir iyileşme ihtiyaçlarını ele almak için farkındalık, meditasyon ve cinsiyete özgü destek gruplarının dahil edilmesinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç, kadınlarda BDD ve madde bağımlılığı arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi anlayan ve ele alan cinsiyete özgü, travmaya duyarlı bakımın gerekliliğini pekiştirmekte ve bu birbirleriyle ilişkili bozuklukların ağında sıkışmış kadınlara daha etkili destek ve umut vadeden bir iyileşme yolunu vaat etmektedir.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association, D. S. M. T. F., & American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (Vol. 5, No. 5). Washington, DC: American psychiatric association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Bendelow, G. (2009). Health, emotion and the body. Polity.
  • Benson, K. (2017). The effects of exercise on mental health: A research review.
  • Bizzarri, J. V., Rucci, P., Sbrana, A., Miniati, M., Raimondi, F., Ravani, L., ... & Cassano, G. B. (2009). Substance use in severe mental illness: Self-medication and vulnerability factors. Psychiatry research, 165(1-2), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.009
  • Bjornsson, A. S., Didie, E. R., & Phillips, K. A. (2010). Body dysmorphic disorder. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 12(2), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson
  • Buhlmann, U., Reese, H. E., Renaud, S., & Wilhelm, S. (2008). Clinical considerations for the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Body Image, 5(1), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2007.12.002
  • Castle, D. J., Phillips, K. A., & Dufresne Jr, R. G. (2004). Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic dermatology: More than skin deep. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 3(2), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00105.x
  • Çelik, S., Fidan, E., Evren, C., Can, Y., Danışmant, B. S., Çavaş, Ş., & Erten, E. (2011). Body dysmorphic disorder and substance dependence: A case report. Dusunen Adam Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 24(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2011240110
  • Chung, C. H., Lin, I. J., Huang, Y. C., Sun, C. A., Chien, W. C., & Tzeng, N. S. (2023). The association between abused adults and substance abuse in Taiwan, 2000–2015. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04608-z
  • Claiborne, J., & Pedrick, C. (2002). The BDD Workbook: Overcome Body Dysmorphic Disorder and End Body Image Obessions with Worksheet. New Harbinger Publications.
  • Cormier, R. A., Dell, C. A., & Poole, N. (2004). Women and substance abuse problems. BMC women's health, 4, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S8
  • Cororve, M. B., & Gleaves, D. H. (2022). Body dysmorphic disorder: A review of conceptualizations, assessment, and treatment strategies. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette's Syndrome, 13-34. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203822937
  • Cosden, M., & Cortez-Ison, E. (1999). Sexual abuse, parental bonding, social support, and program retention for women in substance abuse treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(2), 149-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-5472(98)00043-9
  • Craggs-Hinton, C. (2012). Coping with Eating Disorders and Body Image. Hachette UK. Cushing, C. C., Jensen, C. D., Miller, M. B., & Leffingwell, T. R. (2014). Meta-analysis of motivational interviewing for adolescent health behavior: Efficacy beyond substance use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(6), 1212. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036912
  • Fetting, M. (2015). Perspectives on Substance Use, Disorders, and Addiction: With Clinical Cases. SAGE Publications.
  • Feusner, J. D., Neziroglu, F., Wilhelm, S., Mancusi, L., & Bohon, C. (2010). What causes BDD: Research findings and a proposed model. Psychiatric annals, 40(7), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20100701-08
  • Firth-Cozens, J. (2023). A perspective on stress and depression. In Understanding doctors' performance (pp. 22-37). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781846197062
  • Frayeh, A. L. (2015). The Effect of Mirrors on Women's Body Image and Affective Responses to Yoga. University of Minnesota.
  • Gallagher, C., & Brunelle, C. (2023). Heterogeneity in women’s trauma histories: Impact on substance use disorder severity. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 24(3), 395-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2023.2181476
  • Grant, L. P., Haughton, B., & Sachan, D. S. (2004). Nutrition education is positively associated with substance abuse treatment program outcomes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(4), 604-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.008
  • Greenfield, S. F., & Pirard, S. (2009). Gender-specific treatment for women with substance use disorders. Women and addiction: A comprehensive handbook, 289-306.
  • Greenfield, S. F., Sugarman, D. E., Freid, C. M., Bailey, G. L., Crisafulli, M. A., Kaufman, J. S., ... & Fitzmaurice, G. M. (2014). Group therapy for women with substance use disorders: Results from the Women's Recovery Group Study. Drug and alcohol dependence, 142, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.035
  • Gu, Y. Q., & Zhu, Y. (2023). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: Impact on core symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and executive functioning. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 81, 101869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101869
  • Hong, K., Nezgovorova, V., Uzunova, G., Schlussel, D., & Hollander, E. (2019). Pharmacological treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Current Neuropharmacology, 17(8), 697-702. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180426153940
  • Houchins, J. R., Kelly, M. M., & Phillips, K. A. (2019). Motives for illicit drug use among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Practice®, 25(6), 427-436. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000428
  • Jefferies-Sewell, K., Chamberlain, S. R., Fineberg, N. A., & Laws, K. R. (2017). Cognitive dysfunction in body dysmorphic disorder: New implications for nosological systems and neurobiological models. CNS spectrums, 22(1), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852916000468
  • Laughter, M. R., Anderson, J. B., Maymone, M. B., & Kroumpouzos, G. (2023). Psychology of aesthetics: Beauty, social media, and body dysmorphic disorder. Clinics in Dermatology, 41(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.03.002
  • Levenson, J. S., & Willis, G. M. (2019). Implementing trauma-informed care in correctional treatment and supervision. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 28(4), 481-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2018.1531959
  • Li, W., Arienzo, D., & Feusner, J. D. (2013). Body dysmorphic disorder: Neurobiological features and an updated model. Zeitschrift Für Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000213
  • Hofmann, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. (Eds.). (2017). The science of cognitive behavioral therapy. Academic Press.
  • Milligan, K., Niccols, A., Sword, W., Thabane, L., Henderson, J., Smith, A., & Liu, J. (2010). Maternal substance use and integrated treatment programs for women with substance abuse issues and their children: A meta-analysis. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 5, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-5-21
  • Nesse, R. M. (2023). Evolutionary psychiatry: Foundations, progress and challenges. World Psychiatry, 22(2), 177-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21072
  • Ng, J. P. (2023). Associations between socio-demographic factors and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) among UTAR Kampar undergraduate students (Doctoral dissertation, UTAR).
  • Parsons, A. (2021). A Nutrition Counseling Guide to Address Body Image and Body Function among Adolescents with Eating Disorders. California State University, Long Beach.
  • Perkins, A. (2019). Body dysmorphic disorder: The drive for perfection. Nursing made Incredibly Easy, 17(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NME.0000549614.97772.88
  • Phillips, K. A. (1991). Body dysmorphic disorder: The distress of imagined ugliness. Am J Psychiatry, 148(9), 1138-1149.
  • Phillips, K. A. (2005). The broken mirror: Understanding and treating body dysmorphic disorder. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Phillips, K. A. (2009). Understanding body dysmorphic disorder. Oxford University Press.
  • Phillips, K. A. (2015). Body dysmorphic disorder: Clinical aspects and relationship to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Focus, 13(2), 162-174. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.130205
  • Phillips, K. A., & Crino, R. D. (2001). Body dysmorphic disorder. Current opinion in psychiatry, 14(2), 113-118.
  • Phillips, K. A., & Diaz, S. F. (1997). Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 185(9), 570-577.
  • Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., & Fay, C. (2006). Gender similarities and differences in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry, 47(2), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.07.002
  • Phillips, K. A., & Susser, L. C. (2023a). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women. Psychiatric Clinics, 46(3), 505-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.007
  • Phillips, K. A., & Susser, L. C. (2023b). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women. Psychiatric Clinics, 46(3), 505-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.007
  • Phillips, K. A., & Susser, L. C. (2023c). Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Women. Psychiatric Clinics, 46(3), 505-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2023.04.007
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Family Sociology , Women's Studies, Family Psychology
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Metin Çınaroğlu 0000-0001-6342-3949

Early Pub Date June 28, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date February 14, 2024
Acceptance Date May 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Çınaroğlu, M. (2024). Intersecting Realities: Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Substance Abuse in Women – A Holistic Treatment Approach. Sakarya Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.61158/saukad.1437131