İÇ GÜVENLİKTE YER ALTI, TÜNEL VE MAĞARA OPERASYONLARI İLE YÖNETİMİ

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 1, 139 - 158, 30.06.2022

Tarık Ak

https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1134261

Abstract

Yer altı, tünel ve mağaralar; kentlerde, kırsalda ve ülkelerin sınırlarında terör ve organize suç örgütleri ile kaçakçılar tarafından sıklıkla kullanılan mekânlardır. Özellikle son yıllarda kolluk kuvvetlerinin insansız hava ve kara araçları gibi keşif ve gözetleme teknolojilerinden daha fazla istifade etmesi, örgütlerin yer altı, tünel ve mağara ortamlarını asimetrik avantaj olarak kullanma isteğini daha da artırmıştır. Yer altı, tünel ve mağaralar, güvenliğin ya da yaşamın sürdürülmesi maksadıyla kullanılan doğada kendiliğinden oluşmuş veya insan kaynağıyla inşa edilmiş boşluklardır. Bu mekânların fiziki ortamlarının türdeşlik göstermesi, yer altı, tünel ve mağaraların birlikte anılmasını anlamlı kılmaktadır. Kolluk kuvvetleri açısından bu ortamların suçla mücadele ve terör faaliyetlerinden sakındırılması için güvenli hâle getirilmesi, öncelikli bir iç güvenlik yaklaşımı hâline gelmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak yer altı, tünel ve mağaraların iç güvenlik açısından önemi araştırılmıştır. Müteakiben yer altı, tünel ve mağara operasyonlarına etki eden şartlar tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak ise; yer altı, tünel ve mağara operasyonlarının nasıl icra edildiği ve yönetildiği sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Çalışma ile günümüzde Türkiye’de iç güvenlik açısından yer altı, tünel ve mağara operasyonlarının yönetim usulünün tanımlanması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışma literatür taraması yapılarak teorik bir zeminde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda ilk olarak yer altı, tünel ve mağara operasyonlarında keşif ve gözetleme, örtü ve korunma, ateş gücü ve muhabere ihtiyaçlarının her biri için ayrı bir teknolojiden istifade edilmesi hususu vurgulanmıştır. Müteakiben operasyon birimlerinin planlama, hazırlık, icra ve değerlendirme safhalarına uygun şekilde operasyonlarını yönetmesi gerektiği hususuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

İç Güvenlik, Kolluk, Yer Altı, Tünel ve Mağara Operasyonları

Underground Tunnel and Cave Operations and Management in Internal Security

Abstract

Underground, tunnels and caves are places that are frequently used by terrorists, organized crime organizations and smugglers in cities, rural areas and borders of countries. Especially in recent years, law enforcement's use of reconnaissance and surveillance technologies such as unmanned aerial and land vehicles has increased the desire of organizations to use underground, tunnels and cave environments as an asymmetric advantage. Underground, tunnels and caves are cavities that are either spontaneously formed in nature or built with human resources, which are used for the purpose of maintaining security or life. The homogeneity of the physical environments of these places makes it meaningful to mention underground, tunnels and caves together. Securitization of these environments in order to prevent crime and terrorist activities has become a priority internal security approach for law enforcement. Within the scope of the study, firstly, the importance of underground, tunnels and caves in terms of internal security was investigated. Subsequently, the conditions affecting the underground, tunnel and cave operations were determined. Finally, answers were sought to the questions of how underground, tunnel and cave operations were carried out and managed. The purpose of this study is to define the management method in underground, tunnel and cave operations in terms of internal security in Turkey today. The study was carried out on a theoretical basis by making a literature review. As a result of the study, it was emphasized that a separate technology should be used for each of the exploration and surveillance, cover and protection, firepower and communication needs in underground, tunnel and cave operations. Subsequently, it has been decided that the operation units should manage their operations in accordance with the planning, preparation, execution and evaluation phases.

Keywords

Internal Security, Law Enforcement, Underground Tunnel and Cave Operations

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