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Cyprus in the Security Council Resolutions from 1960 to 2021 (Failed Conflict Resolution)

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 245 - 272, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1067059

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council's resolutions on Cyprus within the framework of the conflict resolution approach. Due to the conflict resolution approach, the position of Turkey, which is on the other side of the conflict and is the guarantor state, is also included in the evaluation with some suggestions. In this context, 152 Security Council resolutions between 1960 and 2021 have been examined. The results show that the Security Council has not been analyzed Cyprus' recent history well. Even the proposal to return to the 1960 Nicosia Treaty is a concrete indicator of this fact. In this sense, the Security Council has not been successful in terms of conflict resolution on Cyprus issue. On the other hand, Turkey, condemned within the framework of the Security Council resolutions, has not been able to explain itself well to the international community regarding Cyprus. The conflict resolution approach at least points that Turkey and Turkish Cypriots have also arguments to put forward for a satisfying solution.

References

  • Arabacı, Y. (2019). The problem of Cyprus in cinema. (Unpublished master thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Arıkdoğan, S. (2020). The Cyprus issue in the context of letters and textiles (1948-1967). (Unpublished master thesis). Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu.
  • Avcı, A. (2014). Cyprus problem in the light of Turkey-England relationship between 1950-1960. (Unpublished master thesis). Selçuk University, Konya.
  • Avcı, R. (2021). The effects of the discovery of energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean on the Cyprus issue and Turkey. (Unpublished master thesis). İstanbul Ticaret University, İstanbul.
  • Bağcı, H. (2018). Demokrat Parti Dönemi Türk Dış Politikası (1950-1960). In H. Bağcı and K. Yakut (Ed.) Türk Dış Politikası I (pp.130-157). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Batu, A. (2005). Two histories one conflict: An analysis of the Cyprus conflict within the framework of conflict resolution theory. (Unpublished master thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Bayraktar, O. (2018). Capitalizing on the Cold War: Turkey, Greece and the Cyprus problem, 1963-1974. (Unpublished master thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara.
  • Boztepe, M. (2019). Turkey's journey to EU and policies of global actors in the context of Cyprus issue. (Unpublished master thesis). Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta.
  • Çelik, V. and İlker Ç. (2020). The Cyprus issue in the period from establishment of Cyprus Republic in 1960 to the 2004 Annan plan. Ekonomi, İşletme, Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi (JEBPIR), 6(2), 68-193.
  • Demirel, A. and Yonca Ö. (2021). Expansion of multinational corporations in de-facto states: The case of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 21(2), 145-163.
  • Dizdaroğlu, C. (2019). Çatışma çözümü. Güvenlik Yazıları Serisi, 19, 1-8.
  • Erdemir, E. (2019). Avrupa Birliği'nin enerji güvenliğinde Doğu Akdeniz:
  • Hidrokarbon kaynaklarının Kıbrıs sorununun çözümüne etkisi. EURO Politika, 3(2), 37-38.
  • Erdoğan, H. (2015). Impacts of Cyprus problem on Turkey – European Union relations. (Unpublished master thesis). Beykent University, İstanbul.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2018). 1970-1980 dönemi Türk dış politikası. In H. Bağcı and K. Yakut (Ed.) Türk Dış Politikası I (pp.178-201). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Gözügüzelli, E. (2019). Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the Greek Cypriot Administration’s domestic law practices on law of the sea and their outputs. Bilge Strateji, 11(20), 9-50.
  • Güler, H. (2020). Turkey and the US relations over Cyprus issue. (Unpublished master thesis). Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul.
  • Gürses, B. (2004). The Cyprus issue during the European Union. (Unpublished master thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  • İmamoğlu, M. F. and Ayşe G. U. (2021). A Comparative analysis of the Eastern Mediterranean energy policies of Turkey and the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus from a neorealist perspective. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 187-201.
  • Kahraman, E. (2004). Cyprus question, Turkey-European Union relations and effects of Cyprus to the relations of Turkey-European Union. (Unpublished master thesis). Sakarya University, Sakarya.
  • Kısacık, S. (2021). An outlook to the differentiating Cyprus policies in Turkey-Russian relations developing on the competition-collaboration axis. UPA Strategic Affairs, 2(2), 123-166.
  • Kişman, Z. A. (2014). Cyprus issue in Turkish-American relations (1945-1980). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Fırat University, Elazığ.
  • Opçin, A. (2015). Natural gas - A game changer in the Cyprus conflict? (Unpublished master thesis). Sabancı University, İstanbul.
  • Öğün, M. N. and Ali T. (2019). Evaluation of the political relationship between the Cyprus problems in the TRNC population dynamics.” Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 11(20), 82-105.
  • Özçelik, S. (2019). An introduction to security studies. In N. Doğan (Ed.) International Security (pp.3-33). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Özkan, A. (2019). The United States, Turkey and the Cyprus issue from 1949 to 1964 Johnson letter. (Unpublished master thesis). METU, Ankara.
  • Press and Information Office. (2018). Agreements-The 10-Point Agreement of 19 Mays 1979. Retrieved on 17 January 2022 from the following address https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/agreements-the-10-point-agreement-of-19-may-1979.html.
  • Saylan, İ. (2019). Uluslararası çatışma çözümü ve bir zorlu çatışma örneği olarak Kıbrıs sorunu. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(72), 1742-1756.
  • Scottish Center for Conflict Resolution. The Conflict Triangle: Information Sheet. Retrieved on 19 January 2022 from the following address chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsccr files.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fsites%2F5384a71b21ba55270a000002%2Fassets%2F53e22a0c21ba5531de000091%2FInfo_Sheet- Prof.The_Conflict_Triangle.pdf&clen=119669&chunk= true.
  • Sivriservi, N. (2011). Cyprus problem within the frame of 1963-1964, 1967, 1974 crisis and Turkey. (Unpublished master thesis). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Şafak, E. and et al. Eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus after Brexit: Risks and opportunities for the United Kingdom.” Turkish Journal of Political Science, 4(1), 57-81.
  • Tamçelik, S. (2008). Solution Plans of Cyprus Question (According to United Nations Resolution 789). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Tekir, E. (2018). Cyprus issue on writings of Rauf Raif Denktaş. Unpublished master thesis. Karabük University, Karabük.
  • Uçkan, R. The emergence of Turkish nationalism in the Cyprus conflict; the breakthrough from 1948 to 1955? Unpublished master thesis. METU, Ankara.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1960 to 1970. Retrieved on 1 October 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1971 to 1980. Retrieved on 15 October 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1981 to 1990. Retrieved on 20 October 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1991 to 2000. Retrieved on 2 November 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 2001 to 2010. Retrieved on 14 November 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 2011 to 2021. Retrieved on 23 November 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • Yakut, K. (2019). İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türk Ekonomisi. In K. Yakut (Ed.) Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İktisat Tarihi (pp.106-139). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Yaycı, C. (2020). Yunanistan Talepleri (Ege Sorunları). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Publications,
  • Yılmaz, M. E. (2005). The Cyprus Conflict and the Annan plan: Why one more failure.” Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 5(1), 29-39.

Cyprus in the Security Council Resolutions from 1960 to 2021 (Failed Conflict Resolution)

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 245 - 272, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1067059

Abstract

Bu çalışma Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi'nin Kıbrıs konusundaki kararlarının etkililiğini çatışma çözümü yaklaşımı çerçevesinde değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çatışma çözümü yaklaşımı gereği çatışmanın diğer tarafında yer alan ve garantör devlet olan Türkiye'nin konumu da yapılan kimi önerilerle birlikte değerlendirmeye dâhil edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda 1960 ile 2021 yılları arasında 152 Güvenlik Konseyi kararı incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Kıbrıs’ın yakın tarihini iyi analiz edemediğini göstermektedir. 1960 Lefkoşa Antlaşması’nın mevcut haline dönülmesinin teklifi bile bunun somut bir göstergesidir. Bu anlamda çatışma çözümü açısından Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Kıbrıs konusunda başarılı olduğunu söylemek mümkün değildir. Öte taraftan Güvenlik Konseyi kararları çerçevesinde kınanan Türkiye ise Kıbrıs konusunda kendisini uluslararası topluma iyi bir şekilde anlatamamıştır. Çatışma çözümü yaklaşımı en azından Türkiye ve Kıbrıslı Türklerin de tatmin edici bir çözüm için öne sürebilecekleri argümanlarının olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

References

  • Arabacı, Y. (2019). The problem of Cyprus in cinema. (Unpublished master thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Arıkdoğan, S. (2020). The Cyprus issue in the context of letters and textiles (1948-1967). (Unpublished master thesis). Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu.
  • Avcı, A. (2014). Cyprus problem in the light of Turkey-England relationship between 1950-1960. (Unpublished master thesis). Selçuk University, Konya.
  • Avcı, R. (2021). The effects of the discovery of energy resources in the Eastern Mediterranean on the Cyprus issue and Turkey. (Unpublished master thesis). İstanbul Ticaret University, İstanbul.
  • Bağcı, H. (2018). Demokrat Parti Dönemi Türk Dış Politikası (1950-1960). In H. Bağcı and K. Yakut (Ed.) Türk Dış Politikası I (pp.130-157). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Batu, A. (2005). Two histories one conflict: An analysis of the Cyprus conflict within the framework of conflict resolution theory. (Unpublished master thesis). Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Bayraktar, O. (2018). Capitalizing on the Cold War: Turkey, Greece and the Cyprus problem, 1963-1974. (Unpublished master thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara.
  • Boztepe, M. (2019). Turkey's journey to EU and policies of global actors in the context of Cyprus issue. (Unpublished master thesis). Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta.
  • Çelik, V. and İlker Ç. (2020). The Cyprus issue in the period from establishment of Cyprus Republic in 1960 to the 2004 Annan plan. Ekonomi, İşletme, Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi (JEBPIR), 6(2), 68-193.
  • Demirel, A. and Yonca Ö. (2021). Expansion of multinational corporations in de-facto states: The case of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 21(2), 145-163.
  • Dizdaroğlu, C. (2019). Çatışma çözümü. Güvenlik Yazıları Serisi, 19, 1-8.
  • Erdemir, E. (2019). Avrupa Birliği'nin enerji güvenliğinde Doğu Akdeniz:
  • Hidrokarbon kaynaklarının Kıbrıs sorununun çözümüne etkisi. EURO Politika, 3(2), 37-38.
  • Erdoğan, H. (2015). Impacts of Cyprus problem on Turkey – European Union relations. (Unpublished master thesis). Beykent University, İstanbul.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2018). 1970-1980 dönemi Türk dış politikası. In H. Bağcı and K. Yakut (Ed.) Türk Dış Politikası I (pp.178-201). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Gözügüzelli, E. (2019). Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the Greek Cypriot Administration’s domestic law practices on law of the sea and their outputs. Bilge Strateji, 11(20), 9-50.
  • Güler, H. (2020). Turkey and the US relations over Cyprus issue. (Unpublished master thesis). Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul.
  • Gürses, B. (2004). The Cyprus issue during the European Union. (Unpublished master thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  • İmamoğlu, M. F. and Ayşe G. U. (2021). A Comparative analysis of the Eastern Mediterranean energy policies of Turkey and the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus from a neorealist perspective. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 187-201.
  • Kahraman, E. (2004). Cyprus question, Turkey-European Union relations and effects of Cyprus to the relations of Turkey-European Union. (Unpublished master thesis). Sakarya University, Sakarya.
  • Kısacık, S. (2021). An outlook to the differentiating Cyprus policies in Turkey-Russian relations developing on the competition-collaboration axis. UPA Strategic Affairs, 2(2), 123-166.
  • Kişman, Z. A. (2014). Cyprus issue in Turkish-American relations (1945-1980). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Fırat University, Elazığ.
  • Opçin, A. (2015). Natural gas - A game changer in the Cyprus conflict? (Unpublished master thesis). Sabancı University, İstanbul.
  • Öğün, M. N. and Ali T. (2019). Evaluation of the political relationship between the Cyprus problems in the TRNC population dynamics.” Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 11(20), 82-105.
  • Özçelik, S. (2019). An introduction to security studies. In N. Doğan (Ed.) International Security (pp.3-33). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Özkan, A. (2019). The United States, Turkey and the Cyprus issue from 1949 to 1964 Johnson letter. (Unpublished master thesis). METU, Ankara.
  • Press and Information Office. (2018). Agreements-The 10-Point Agreement of 19 Mays 1979. Retrieved on 17 January 2022 from the following address https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/agreements-the-10-point-agreement-of-19-may-1979.html.
  • Saylan, İ. (2019). Uluslararası çatışma çözümü ve bir zorlu çatışma örneği olarak Kıbrıs sorunu. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(72), 1742-1756.
  • Scottish Center for Conflict Resolution. The Conflict Triangle: Information Sheet. Retrieved on 19 January 2022 from the following address chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsccr files.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fsites%2F5384a71b21ba55270a000002%2Fassets%2F53e22a0c21ba5531de000091%2FInfo_Sheet- Prof.The_Conflict_Triangle.pdf&clen=119669&chunk= true.
  • Sivriservi, N. (2011). Cyprus problem within the frame of 1963-1964, 1967, 1974 crisis and Turkey. (Unpublished master thesis). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Şafak, E. and et al. Eastern Mediterranean and Cyprus after Brexit: Risks and opportunities for the United Kingdom.” Turkish Journal of Political Science, 4(1), 57-81.
  • Tamçelik, S. (2008). Solution Plans of Cyprus Question (According to United Nations Resolution 789). Unpublished PhD Thesis. Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Tekir, E. (2018). Cyprus issue on writings of Rauf Raif Denktaş. Unpublished master thesis. Karabük University, Karabük.
  • Uçkan, R. The emergence of Turkish nationalism in the Cyprus conflict; the breakthrough from 1948 to 1955? Unpublished master thesis. METU, Ankara.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1960 to 1970. Retrieved on 1 October 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1971 to 1980. Retrieved on 15 October 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1981 to 1990. Retrieved on 20 October 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 1991 to 2000. Retrieved on 2 November 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 2001 to 2010. Retrieved on 14 November 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Cyprus from 2011 to 2021. Retrieved on 23 November 2021 from the following address https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ content/resolutions-0.
  • Yakut, K. (2019). İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türk Ekonomisi. In K. Yakut (Ed.) Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İktisat Tarihi (pp.106-139). Eskişehir Anadolu University Press, Eskişehir.
  • Yaycı, C. (2020). Yunanistan Talepleri (Ege Sorunları). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Publications,
  • Yılmaz, M. E. (2005). The Cyprus Conflict and the Annan plan: Why one more failure.” Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 5(1), 29-39.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section SAVSAD Savunma ve Savaş Araştırmaları Dergisi Aralık 2022
Authors

Mahir Terzi 0000-0003-1308-2060

Publication Date December 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 32 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Terzi, M. (2022). Cyprus in the Security Council Resolutions from 1960 to 2021 (Failed Conflict Resolution). SAVSAD Savunma Ve Savaş Araştırmaları Dergisi, 32(2), 245-272. https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1067059