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Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Vergi Planlaması Analizi

Year 2019, Issue: 113, 9 - 43, 01.06.2019

Abstract

Çalışmada, Türk bankacılık sektöründe vergi planlamasının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede bankalara ilişkin finansal veriler kullanılarak iki farklı model aracılığıyla ikili lojistik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Modellerden ilkinde, bankaların vergi planlaması nakit efektif vergi oranlarına göre belirlenirken ikincisinde, genel kabul görmüş muhasebe ilkeleri efektif vergi oranına göre belirlenmiştir. Bulgular; ilk modelde, sektör payları ile aktif kârlılığın bankaların vergi planlaması yapma olasılığını sırasıyla %36,1 artırdığı ve %3,73 azalttığı yönündedir. İkinci modelde ise kaldıraç oranı ve aktif kârlılığın bankaların vergi planlaması yapma olasılığını sırasıyla %5,6 azalttığı ve %10,9 artırdığı yönündedir.

References

  • Adrian, T. ve Shin H. S. (2010), Liquidity and Leverage, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, 328, 1-37.
  • Akdoğan, A. (2007), Kamu Maliyesi, (12. Baskı), Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Amadasun, A. B. ve Igbinosa, S. O. (2011), “Strategies for Effective Tax Planning”, Franklin Business & Law Journal, 2, 51-64.
  • Armstrong, C. S., Blouin, J. L. ve Larcker, D. F. (2012), “The Incentives for Tax Planning”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53, 391-411.
  • Berkson, J. (1951), Why I Prefer Logits to Probits, Biometrics, 7(4), 327-339.
  • Binici, M. ve Köksal, B. (2012), Kaldıraç ve Döngüsellik, TCMB Ekonomi Notları, 11, 1-9.
  • Blouin, J. (2014), “Defining and Measuring Tax Planning Aggressiveness”, National Tax Journal, 67(4), 875-900.
  • Cardoso, L. G. M. ve Laruccia, M. M. (2006), “The Quest for Brand Value”, http:// ssrn.com/abstract=1337325 (Erişim Tarihi: 06.12.2016).
  • Cramer, J. S. (2002), The Origins of Logistic Regression, Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, 119(4), 1-15.
  • Dayton, C. M. (1992), Logistic Regression Analysis, Stat, 474-574.
  • Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M. ve Maydew, E. L. (2008), Long-Run Corporate Tax Avoidance. The Accounting Review, 83(1), 61-82.
  • Eriotis, N. P., Frangouli, Z. ve Ventoura-Neokosmides, Z. (2002), Profit Margin and Capital Structure: An Empirical Relationship, Journal of Applied Business Research, 18(2), 85-88.
  • European Commission (2012), “Clamping Down on Tax Evasion and Avoidance: Commission Presents the Way Forward”, http://europa.eu/rapid/pressrelease_IP-12-1325_en.htm#PR_metaPressRelease_bottom (Erişim Tarihi: 16.11.2016).
  • Gallemore, J., Gipper, B. ve Maydew, E. L. (2016), “Banks as Tax Planning Intermediaries”, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2796132 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2018).
  • Gerçek, A. ve Uygun E. (2018), “OECD Ülkelerinde Agresif Vergi Planlamasını Önlemeye Yönelik Tedbirlerin Değerlendirilmesi”, Vergi Sorunları Dergisi, 360, 34-49.
  • Guenther, D. A., Matsunaga, S. R. ve Williams, B. M. (2013), “Tax Avoidance, Tax Aggressiveness, Tax Risk and Firm Risk”, https://business.illinois. edu/accountancy/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2014/10/Tax-2013- Guenther.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.06.2017).
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2006), Temel Ekonometri, (4. Baskı), Ümit Şenesen & Gülay Günlük Şenesen (Çev.), İstanbul: Literatür.
  • Hong, Q. (2010), “International Taxation and Income-Shifting Behaviour of Multinational Corporations (Doctoral Dissertation)”, http://hdl.handle. net/1807/26189 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.02.2018).
  • Hong, Q. ve Smart, M. (2010), In Praise of Tax Havens: International Tax Planning and Foreign Direct Investment, European Economic Review, 54, 82-95.
  • Huang, W., Ying, T. ve Shen, Y. (2018), Executive Cash Compensation and Tax Aggressiveness of Chinese Firms, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 1-30.
  • Internal Revenue Service (2017), “FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, https://www.irs.gov/businesses/ corporations/fasb-interpretation-no-48-accounting-for-uncertainty-inincome-taxes (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2017).
  • İbiş, C. (2004), “İşletmelerde Vergi Planlaması”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 68, 72-79.
  • Kubick, T. R., Lynch, D. P., Mayberry, M. A. ve Omer, T. C. (2014), “The Effects of Increased Financial Statement Disclosure Quality on Tax Avoidance: An Examination of SEC Comment Letters”, https://scprod1 lb.mccombs.utexas. edu/~/media/Files/MSB/Departments/Accounting/Brownbag%20 papers/LynchUTWorkshop952014.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2018).
  • Lynch, D. (2014), “Investing in the Corporate Tax Function: The Effects of Remediating Material Weaknesses in Internal Control on Tax Avoidance (Doctoral Dissertation)”, https://search.proquest.com/openview/d8c883 2b465ce6cb000f875bf755786b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&di ss=y (Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2018).
  • Neuman, S. S. (2014), “Effective Tax Strategies: It’s Not Just Minimization (Doctoral Dissertation)”, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2496994 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2018).
  • Payne, D. M. ve Raiborn, C. A. (2018), Aggressive Tax Avoidance: A Conundrum for Stakeholders, Governments, and Morality, Journal of Business Ethics, 147(3), 469-487.
  • Reiter, F. (2017), “Avoiding Taxes: Banks’ Use of Internal Debt”, https://www. econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/168115/1/VfS-2017-pid-2319.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 04.02.2018).
  • Saraçoğlu, F. (2006), “Transfer Fiyatlandırmasının Vergisel Amaçları, Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve OECD-AB Yaklaşımı”, Lebib Yalkın Mevzuat Dergisi, 32, 106- 112.
  • Slemrod, J. ve Wilson, J. D. (2006), Tax Competition with Parasitic Tax Havens, NBER Working Paper Series, 12225, 1-43.
  • Şişman, B. (2003), İşletmelerde Vergi Planlaması Yöntemleri. İstanbul: Yaklaşım Yayınları.
  • Taşkın, Y. (2012), “Vergi Planlaması Yöntemi Olarak Amortismanların Vergi Usul Kanunu ve Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 114, 99-111.
  • Uluyol, O., Lebe, F. ve Akbaş, Y. E. (2014), “Firmaların Finansal Kaldıraç Oranları ile Öz Sermaye Kârlılığı Arasındaki İlişki: Hisseleri Borsa İstanbul (BİST)’da İşlem Gören İşletmeler Üzerinde Sektörler Bazında Bir Araştırma”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 70-89.

TAX PLANNING ANALYSIS IN TURKISH BANKING SECTOR

Year 2019, Issue: 113, 9 - 43, 01.06.2019

Abstract

In this study, the aim is to analyse tax planning in the Turkish banking sector. In this context, binary logistic regression analysis was performed by means of two different models by using financial data related to the banks. In the first model, tax planning of banks is determined on the basis of the cash effective tax rates, while in the second, generally accepted accounting principles are determined on the basis of effective tax rate. The findings show that sector shares and asset profitability increase the probability of banks’ tax planning by 36.1% and decrease by 3.73% respectively in the first model. In the second model, on the other hand, the leverage ratio and asset profitability decrease the probability of banks’ tax planning by 5.6% and increase by 10.9% respectively

References

  • Adrian, T. ve Shin H. S. (2010), Liquidity and Leverage, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, 328, 1-37.
  • Akdoğan, A. (2007), Kamu Maliyesi, (12. Baskı), Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Amadasun, A. B. ve Igbinosa, S. O. (2011), “Strategies for Effective Tax Planning”, Franklin Business & Law Journal, 2, 51-64.
  • Armstrong, C. S., Blouin, J. L. ve Larcker, D. F. (2012), “The Incentives for Tax Planning”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 53, 391-411.
  • Berkson, J. (1951), Why I Prefer Logits to Probits, Biometrics, 7(4), 327-339.
  • Binici, M. ve Köksal, B. (2012), Kaldıraç ve Döngüsellik, TCMB Ekonomi Notları, 11, 1-9.
  • Blouin, J. (2014), “Defining and Measuring Tax Planning Aggressiveness”, National Tax Journal, 67(4), 875-900.
  • Cardoso, L. G. M. ve Laruccia, M. M. (2006), “The Quest for Brand Value”, http:// ssrn.com/abstract=1337325 (Erişim Tarihi: 06.12.2016).
  • Cramer, J. S. (2002), The Origins of Logistic Regression, Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, 119(4), 1-15.
  • Dayton, C. M. (1992), Logistic Regression Analysis, Stat, 474-574.
  • Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M. ve Maydew, E. L. (2008), Long-Run Corporate Tax Avoidance. The Accounting Review, 83(1), 61-82.
  • Eriotis, N. P., Frangouli, Z. ve Ventoura-Neokosmides, Z. (2002), Profit Margin and Capital Structure: An Empirical Relationship, Journal of Applied Business Research, 18(2), 85-88.
  • European Commission (2012), “Clamping Down on Tax Evasion and Avoidance: Commission Presents the Way Forward”, http://europa.eu/rapid/pressrelease_IP-12-1325_en.htm#PR_metaPressRelease_bottom (Erişim Tarihi: 16.11.2016).
  • Gallemore, J., Gipper, B. ve Maydew, E. L. (2016), “Banks as Tax Planning Intermediaries”, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2796132 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2018).
  • Gerçek, A. ve Uygun E. (2018), “OECD Ülkelerinde Agresif Vergi Planlamasını Önlemeye Yönelik Tedbirlerin Değerlendirilmesi”, Vergi Sorunları Dergisi, 360, 34-49.
  • Guenther, D. A., Matsunaga, S. R. ve Williams, B. M. (2013), “Tax Avoidance, Tax Aggressiveness, Tax Risk and Firm Risk”, https://business.illinois. edu/accountancy/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2014/10/Tax-2013- Guenther.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.06.2017).
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2006), Temel Ekonometri, (4. Baskı), Ümit Şenesen & Gülay Günlük Şenesen (Çev.), İstanbul: Literatür.
  • Hong, Q. (2010), “International Taxation and Income-Shifting Behaviour of Multinational Corporations (Doctoral Dissertation)”, http://hdl.handle. net/1807/26189 (Erişim Tarihi: 27.02.2018).
  • Hong, Q. ve Smart, M. (2010), In Praise of Tax Havens: International Tax Planning and Foreign Direct Investment, European Economic Review, 54, 82-95.
  • Huang, W., Ying, T. ve Shen, Y. (2018), Executive Cash Compensation and Tax Aggressiveness of Chinese Firms, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 1-30.
  • Internal Revenue Service (2017), “FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, https://www.irs.gov/businesses/ corporations/fasb-interpretation-no-48-accounting-for-uncertainty-inincome-taxes (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2017).
  • İbiş, C. (2004), “İşletmelerde Vergi Planlaması”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 68, 72-79.
  • Kubick, T. R., Lynch, D. P., Mayberry, M. A. ve Omer, T. C. (2014), “The Effects of Increased Financial Statement Disclosure Quality on Tax Avoidance: An Examination of SEC Comment Letters”, https://scprod1 lb.mccombs.utexas. edu/~/media/Files/MSB/Departments/Accounting/Brownbag%20 papers/LynchUTWorkshop952014.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2018).
  • Lynch, D. (2014), “Investing in the Corporate Tax Function: The Effects of Remediating Material Weaknesses in Internal Control on Tax Avoidance (Doctoral Dissertation)”, https://search.proquest.com/openview/d8c883 2b465ce6cb000f875bf755786b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&di ss=y (Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2018).
  • Neuman, S. S. (2014), “Effective Tax Strategies: It’s Not Just Minimization (Doctoral Dissertation)”, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2496994 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2018).
  • Payne, D. M. ve Raiborn, C. A. (2018), Aggressive Tax Avoidance: A Conundrum for Stakeholders, Governments, and Morality, Journal of Business Ethics, 147(3), 469-487.
  • Reiter, F. (2017), “Avoiding Taxes: Banks’ Use of Internal Debt”, https://www. econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/168115/1/VfS-2017-pid-2319.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 04.02.2018).
  • Saraçoğlu, F. (2006), “Transfer Fiyatlandırmasının Vergisel Amaçları, Karşılaşılan Sorunlar ve OECD-AB Yaklaşımı”, Lebib Yalkın Mevzuat Dergisi, 32, 106- 112.
  • Slemrod, J. ve Wilson, J. D. (2006), Tax Competition with Parasitic Tax Havens, NBER Working Paper Series, 12225, 1-43.
  • Şişman, B. (2003), İşletmelerde Vergi Planlaması Yöntemleri. İstanbul: Yaklaşım Yayınları.
  • Taşkın, Y. (2012), “Vergi Planlaması Yöntemi Olarak Amortismanların Vergi Usul Kanunu ve Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, Mali Çözüm Dergisi, 114, 99-111.
  • Uluyol, O., Lebe, F. ve Akbaş, Y. E. (2014), “Firmaların Finansal Kaldıraç Oranları ile Öz Sermaye Kârlılığı Arasındaki İlişki: Hisseleri Borsa İstanbul (BİST)’da İşlem Gören İşletmeler Üzerinde Sektörler Bazında Bir Araştırma”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 70-89.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hilmi Ünsal This is me

Selin Ertürk Atabey This is me

Gonca Bıyık This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 113

Cite

APA Ünsal, H., Ertürk Atabey, S., & Bıyık, G. (2019). Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Vergi Planlaması Analizi. Sayıştay Dergisi(113), 9-43.