BENZER ŞİDDET DÜZEYİNDEKİ EGZERSİZLERDE FARKLI KAS KATILIM MODELLERİNİN FİZYOLOJİK PARAMETRELERE OLAN ETKİLERİ.

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 77 - 88, 01.06.2012

Bülent Kayıtken Selda Bereket Yücel Nurten Dinç

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

BENZER ŞİDDET DÜZEYİNDEKİ EGZERSİZLERDE FARKLI KAS KATILIM MODELLERİNİN FİZYOLOJİK PARAMETRELERE OLAN ETKİLERİ.

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, benzer düzeylerde uygulanan iş yüklerinde, farklı kasılma hızlarının (40 – 80 rpm) fizyolojik parametrelere olan etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencisi olan 13 erkek gönüllü yer almıştır. Üç farklı laboratuar oturumundan oluşan bu çalışmada, ilk önce gönüllülerin maksimal oksijen tüketim kapasiteleri (makVO2) ölçülmüştür. Gönüllülerin tespit edilen makVO2 değerlerinin 55–60% düzeyine denk gelen iş yükleri hesaplanmıştır. Tespit edilen iş yükü, diğer iki submaksimal testlemede uygulanan 40 ve 80 rpm pedal frekanslarındaki egzersizlerde sabit tutulmuştur. 40 ve 80 rpm testlemeler 3 dakika ısınma bölümü, 20 dakikalık ana bölüm ve bunu takip eden 5 dakikalık pasif toparlanma bölümü olarak uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz sonuçlarına göre iki farklı pedal frekansı ve farklı zaman aralıkları arasında, solunum sıklığı, dakika solunumu, oksijen tüketimi, kan laktat konsantrasyonu, üretilen karbondioksid miktarı, solunum değişim oranı ve algılanan yorgunluk değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir, pd0.05. Diğer taraftan, iki faktörlü ilişki analizlerinde ulaşılan kalp atım sayısı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar verirken, farklı zaman aralıklarında iki farklı kadansta yapılan basit etki analizlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuca ulaşılamamıştır pt0.05. Sonuç olarak benzer iş yüklerinin kullanılmasına rağmen, artan kadanslardaki farklı kas katılım modelleri, egzersizin şiddetini belirleyen fizyolojik parametrelerde doğrusal artışlara sebeb olmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pedal frekansı, Farklı kas katılım modelleri, Oksijen tüketimi, Algılanan yorgunluk düzeyi, Kan laktat konsantrasyonu

Kaynakça

• Barstrow TJ, Jones MA, Nguyen PH, Casaburi R. (1996). Influence of muscle fiber type and pedal frequency on oxygen uptake kinetics of heavy exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 81, 1642–1650.
• Bereket S. (2005). Effect of antrhopometric parameters and stride frequency on estimation of energy cost of walking. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45 (2), 152-151.
• Borani F, Candau R, Millet GY, Perry S, Fuschslocher J, Roillon JD. (2001). Is the VO2 slow component dependent on progressive recruitment of fast- twitch fibers in trained runners? Journal of Applied Physiology, 90, 2212–2220.
• Borg GAV (1982). Psychological basis of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 14, 377-381.
• Carter H, Jones AM, Borstow TJ, Burnly M, Williams CA. (2000). Oxygen kinetics in treadmill running and cycle ergometry: A comparison. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 899-907.
• Carter H, Pringle JS, Boobis L, Jones AM, Doust JH. (2004). Muscle glycogen depletion alters oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 36 (6), 965–972.
• Chuang ML, Ting H, Otsuka T, Sun XG, Chıu FYL, Hansen JE., ve diğ. (2002). Muscle deoxygenation as related to work rate. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 34 (10), 1614–1623.
• Demirie S, Quaresima V, Ferrari M, Sadella F, Billat V, Faina M. (2001). VO2 slow component corraletes with vastus lateralis de-oxygenation and blood lactate accumulation during running. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41, 448-455.
• Freund P, Rowell L, Murphy T, Hobbs S, Butler S. (1979). Blockadeof the pressor response to muscle ischemia by sensory nerve blockin man. American Journal of Physiology, 237, 433-439.
• Gandevia SC. (2001). Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiological Rewives, 84(4), 1725-1789.
• Griffin TM, Roberts TJ, Kram R. (2003). Metabolic coast of generating muscular force in human walking: insights from load carrying and speed experiments. Journal of Applied Physiology, 95, 172-183.
• Harms CA, Wetter TJ, St.Croix CM, Pegelow DF, Dempsey JA. (2000). Effects of respiratory muscle work on exercise performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 131-138.
• Herman CW, Nagelkirk PR, Pivarnik JM, Womack CJ. (2003). Regulating oxygen uptake during high-ıntensity exercise using heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 35(10), 1751–1754.
• Holt GK, Hamill J, Andres RO. (1991). Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 23, 491-498.
• Jones AM, McConnel AM. (1999). Effects of exercise modality on oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 80, 213-219.
• Kang J, Walker H, Hebert M, Wendell M, Hoffman JR. (2004). Pedal frequency alters circulatory responses during arm and leg ergometry despite the same workload. Research in Sports Medicine: An International Journal, 12, 251-264.
• Londree BR, Gerstanberger M, Redfiel J, James A, Lotman D. (1997). Oxygen consumption of cycle ergometryrelated to work rate and pedal rate. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 29(6), 775 – 780.
• Lucia A, Hoyos J, Perez M, Chicharro JL. (2002). Heart rate and performance parameters in elite cyclists: A longitudinal study. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 32(10), 1777–1782.
• Lucia A, San Juan AF, Montilla M, Canete S, Santalla A, Earnest C, ve diğ. (2004). In Professional Road Cyclists, Low Pedaling Cadences Are Less Efficient. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 36(6), 1048– 1054.
• Maehera K, Riley M, Galassetti P, Barstow
• TJ, Wasserman K. (1997). Effect of hypoxia and carbonmonoxide on muscle oxygenation during exercise. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 155, 229-235.
• Minetti AE, Capelli C, Zamparo P, Prampero PE, Saibene F. (1995). Effect of stride frequency on mechanical power and energy expenditure of walking. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 27(8), 1194-202.
• Neptune RR, Hull ML. (1999). A theoretical analysis of preferred pedaling rate selection in endurance cycling. Journal of Biomechanics, 32, 409-415.
• Neptune RR, Kautz S, Hull ML. (1997). The effect of pedaling rate on coordination in cycling. Journal of Biomechanics, 30, 1051-1059.
• Özyener F, Ward SA, Whipp BJ. (1999). Contribution of arm muscle oxygenation to the slow component of pulmonary oxygen uptake during leg-exercise cycle ergometry. Journal of Physiology (London), 515-573.
• Perry S, Betik A, Candau R, Roillon JD, L.Hughson R. (2001). Comparison of oxygen uptake kinetics during concentric and eccentric cycle exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91, 2135–2142.
• Poole DC, Schaffartzık W, Knight DR. (1991).
• Contribution of excising legs to the slow component of oxygen uptake kinetics in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 71, 1245–1260.
• Pringle JSM, Doust JH, Carter H, Campell IT, Tolfrey K, Jones AM. (2003). Influence of muscle fibre type on oxygen uptake kinetics during submaximal cycle exercise in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 289–300.
• Ronnestad BR, Hansen EA, Raastad T. (2012).
• Strength training affects tendon cross-sectional area and freely chosen cadence differently in noncyclists and well-trained cyclists. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 26(1), 158-166.
• Roston WL, Whipp BJ, Davis JA. (1987). Oxygen uptake kinetics and lactate concantrations during exercise in humans. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 135, 1080-1084.
• Sacchetti M, Lenti M, Di Palumbo AS, De Vito G. (2010). Different effect of cadence on cycling efficiency between young and older cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 42(11), 2128-33.
• Saks VA, Kongas O, Vondalin M, Kay L. (2000). Role of creatine/phosphocreatine system in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 168, 635-641.
• Sarre G, Lepers R, Maffiuletti N, Millet G, Martin A. (2003). Influence of cycling cadance on neuromuscular activity of the knee extensors in humans. European Journal of Appllied Physiology, 88, 476-479.
• Saunders MJ, Evans EM, Arngrimsson SA, Allisom JD, Warren GL, Cureton KJ. (2000). Muscle activation and the rise in VO2 slow component in cycling. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 32, 2040-2049.
• Stringer W, Wasserman K, Casaburi R, Porszasz J, Maehera K, French W. (1994). Lactic acidosis as a facilitator of oxyhemoglobin dissasociation during exercise. Journal of Appllied Physiology , 76, 1462-1467.
• Whipp BJ. (1994). The slow component of O2 uptake kinetics, during heavy exercise. Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, 26, 1319 – 1326.
• Zarrugh MY, Todd F N, Ralston H J. (1974). Optimization of energy expenditure during level walking. European J of Appl Physiology, 33, 293-206.
• Zoladz J, Duda K, Majerezak J, Emmerich J, Domanski J. (1998). Pre-exercise asidification induced by ingestion of NH4Cl increases the magnitude of VO2 slow component of VO2 kinetics in humans. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 49, 443-455.