Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Ability of Elite Badminton Athletes

Year 2023, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 32 - 41, 11.04.2023

Deniz Şimşek Semra Bıdıl Caner Özböke

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1182465

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in performance duration during motor tasks, which includes the cognitive cues (cue and mixed cue) of elite badminton athletes. The reaction time of 20 Turkish U-19 badminton national team athletes, 10 males (Mage=17.13±1.45) and 10 females (Mage=16.43±1.40) were determined by The FitLight Trainer™. Significant differences were found in favor of cue and mixed cue protocols for male badminton athletes (p<0.05). Cue and mixed cue protocols are completed faster than the random protocol for female badminton players (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that elite badminton athletes perform postural control adjustments automatically during the motor task. They require minimal less cognitive effort than they need to be minimally considered.

Keywords

Dual-Task, Badminton, Elite Athletes, Postural Control, Cognitive Performance

Elit Badminton Sporcularının Bilişsel-Motor İkili Görev Yeteneği

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit badminton sporcularının bilişsel ipuçlarını içeren motor görevler sırasındaki performans değişikliklerini belirlemektir. 10 erkek (x̄yaş=17.13±1.45) ve 10 kadın (x̄yaş =16.43±1.40) olmak üzere 20 Türkiye U-19 badminton milli takım sporcusunun tepki süreleri FitLight Trainer™ ile belirlenmiştir. Erkek badminton sporcularının ipucu ve karışık ipucu test protokollerini, rastgele protokole göre daha hızlı tamamladıkları bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Kadın badminton oyuncularının ipucu ve karışık ipucu protokollerinin yer aldığı testleri, rastgele protokole göre daha hızlı tamamladıkları bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Bu çalışma, elit badminton sporcularının motor görev sırasında postüral kontrol ayarlamalarını otomatik olarak gerçekleştirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu durum, sporcuların motor görevler sırasında daha az bilişsel çaba sarf etmelerinden kaynaklanabilir.

Keywords

İkili-Görev, Badminton, Elit Sporcular, Postüral Kontrol, Bilişsel Performans

References

• 1. Abernethy, B. (1988). Dual-task methodology and motor skills research: Some methodological constraints. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 14: 101–132.
• 2. Abernethy, B. (1993). Searching for the minimal essential information for skilled perception and action. Psychological Research, 55(2): 131-138.
• 3. Abernethy, B. (2001). Attention. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, and C.M.Janelie (Eds.), Handbook ofsportpsychology (3rd ed., pp. 53-85). New York: Wiley.
• 4. Agmon, M., Kelly, V.E., Logsdon, R.G., Nguyen, H., and Belza, B. (2015). The effects of enhancefitness (EF) training on dual-task walking in older Adults. Journal Applied Gerontology, 34, 128–142.
• 5. Baker, J., Côté, J., and Abernethy, B. (2003). Learning from the experts: Practice activities of expert decision-makers in sport. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(3): 342-347.
• 6. Beilock, S.L., Bertenthal, B.I., Mccoy, A.M., and Carr, T.H. (2004). Haste does not always make waste: Expertise, the direction of attention, and speed versus accuracy in performing sensorimotor skills. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 11(2): 373-379.
• 7. Beilock S.L., Carr, T.H., Macmahon, C., and Starkes, J.L. (2002a). When paying attention becomes counterproductive: impact of divided versus skill-focused attention on novice and experienced performance of sensorimotor skills. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8(1): 6-16.
• 8. Beilock, S.L., Wierenga, S.A., and Carr, T.H. (2002b). Expertise, attention, and memory in sensorimotor skill execution: Impact of novel task constraints on dual-task performance and episodic memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 55(4): 1211-1240.
• 9. Beurskens, R., Steinberg, F., Antoniewicz, F., Wolff, W., and Granacher, U. (2016). Neural correlates of dual-task walking: effects of cognitive versus motor ınterference in young adults. Neural Plasticity, ID 8032180: 1–9.
• 10. Bustillo-Casero, P., Cebrian-Bou, S., Cruz-Montecinos, C., Pardo, A., and García-Massó, X. (2020). Effects of a dual-task intervention in postural control and cognitive performance in adolescents. Journal of Motor Behavior, 52(2): 187-195.
• 11. Buszard, T., Masters, R.S., and Farrow, D. (2017). The generalizability of working-memory capacity in the sports domain. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16: 54-57.
• 12. Castiello, U., and Umilta, C. (1988). Temporal dimensions of mental effort in different sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 19(3): 199-210.
• 13. Duckworth, S.C., Higginbotham, C.S., Pederson, J.A., Rogers, R.R., Marshall, M.R., Williams, T.D., and Ballmann, C.G. (2020). Physical and cognitive performance during upper-extremity versus full-body exercise under dual-tasking conditions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(1): 338-352.
• 14. Furley, P., and Wood, G. (2016). Working memory, attentional control, and expertise in sports: A review of current literature and directions for future research. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 5(4): 415-425.
• 15. Furley, P., Memmert, D. and Heller, C. (2010). The dark side of visual awareness in sport: Inattentional blindness in a real-world basketball task. Attention, Perception and Psychophysics, 72(5): 1327-1337.
• 16. Gabbett, T.J., and Abernethy, B. (2013). Expert–novice differences in the anticipatory skill of rugby league players. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 2(2): 138-145.
• 17. Gabbett, T., Wake, M., and Abernethy, B. (2011). Use of dual-task methodology for skill assessment and development: Examples from rugby league. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(1): 7-18.
• 18. Huang, H.J., and Mercer, V.S. (2001). Dual-task methodology: applications in studies of cognitive and motor performance in adults and children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 13(3): 133-140.
• 19. Laessoe, U., Grarup, B., and Bangshaab, J. (2016). The use of cognitive cues for anticipatory strategies in a dynamic postural control task-validation of a novel approach to dual-task testing. PloS One, 11(8): 1-12.
• 20. Laessoe, U., Hoeck, H. C., Simonsen, O., and Voigt, M. (2008). Residual attentional capacity amongst young and elderly during dual and triple task walking. Human Movement Science, 27(3): 496-512.
• 21. Lam, W.K., Maxwell, J.P., and Masters, R. (2009). Analogy learning and the performance of motor skills under pressure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31: 337–357.
• 22. Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B, Loring, D.W., and Fischer, J.S. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment, USA: Oxford University Press.
• 23. Loffing, F., and Cañal-Bruland, R. (2017). Anticipation in sport. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16: 6-11.
• 24. Lucia, S., Bianco, V., and Di-Russo, F. (2022). Specific effect of a cognitive motor dual-task training on sport performance and brain processing associated with decision-making in semi-elit basketball players, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, 102302.
• 25. Mercan, F., Kara, B., Tiftikçioğlu, B.I., Mercan, E., and Sertpoyraz, F.M. (2016). Effects of motor-motor and motor cognitive tasks on balance in patients with multiple sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorder, 7: 85-91.
• 26. Moreira, P.E.D., Dieguez, G.T.D.O., Bredt, S.D.G.T., and Praça, G.M. (2021). The acute and chronic effects of dual-task on the motor and cognitive performances in athletes: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1732.
• 27. Müller, S., and Abernethy, B. (2012). Expert anticipatory skill in striking sports: A review and a model. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(2): 175-187.
• 28. Perumal, V., Melam, G.R., Alhusaini, A.A., Buragadda, S., and Sharma, N. (2017). Instruction prioritization in task-based balance training for individuals with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Somatosens Motor Research., 34(1): 27-33.
• 29. Plummer, P., Zukowski, L.A., Giuliani, C., Hall A.M., and Zurakowski, D. (2015). Effects of physical exercise interventions on gait-related dual-task interference in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerontology, 62(1): 94–117.
• 30. Poolton, J.M., Masters, R.S.W., and Maxwell, J.P. (2006). The influence of analogy learning on decision-making in table tennis: Evidence from behavioral data. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7: 677–688.
• 31. Raab, M. (2003). Decision making in sports: Influence of complexity on implicit and explicit learning. International Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology, 1(4): 406–433.
• 32. Schaefer, S., and Scornaienchi, D. (2020). Table tennis experts outperform novices in a demanding cognitive-motor dual-task situation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 52(2): 204-213.
• 33. Schmidty, R.A. (1988). Motor control and learning: a behavioral emphasis. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.
• 34. Shiffrin, R.M., and Schneider, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84(2): 127–190.
• 35. Silsupadol, P., Shumway-Cook, A., Lugade, V., Van Donkelaar, P., Chou, L.S., Mayr, U., and Woollacott, M.H. (2009). Effects of single-task versus dual-task training on balance performance in older adults: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Archives Of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(3): 381-387.
• 36. Silsupadol, P., Siu, K.C., Shumway-Cook, A., and Woollacott, M.H. (2005). Training of balance under single and dual task conditions in older adults with balance impairment: Three case reports. Gait and Posture, (21): 134.
• 37. Simsek, D., Ozboke, C., and Gultekin, E.A. (2021). Evaluation of the use of postural control strategies during dual-tasks of hearing-impaired athletes. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10(1): 11-17.
• 38. Voss, M.W., Kramer, A.F., Basak, C., Prakash, R.S., and Roberts, B. (2010). Are expert athletes 'expert' in the cognitive laboratory? A meta-analytic review of cognition and sports expertise. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(6): 812–826.
• 39. Wollesen, B., and Voelcker-Rehage, C. (2014). Training effects on motor–cognitive dual-task performance in older adults. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 11(1): 5-24.
• 40. Yogev-Seligmann, G., Giladi, N., Brozgol, M., and Hausdorff, J.M. (2012). A training program to improve gait while dual tasking in patients with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(1): 176-181.
• 41. Yogev‐Seligmann, G., Hausdorff, J.M., and Giladi, N. (2008). The role of executive function and attention in gait. Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 23(3): 329-342.