Kadın Futbolunda Rölatif Yaş Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 88 - 97, 05.09.2023

Mert Bilgiç Ali Işın

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1227529

Abstract

Altyapılarda “yetenekli” sporcuların erken tespiti ve gelişimi, tüm spor dallarındaki kulüplerin ve ulusal spor yönetim organlarının öncelikli ilgi alanlarındandır. Sporcuların seçiminde ve gelişimsel süreçlerinin planlanması sırasındaki seçim yanlılığı, ele alınması gereken kritik bir noktadır ve rölatif yaş etkisi (RYE) bu bağlamda araştırılması gereken olgulardandır. Bu araştırmanın amacı U17 ve U20 FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Kupası’nda RYE prevalansını incelemek ve yaş kategorisi, oyun pozisyonu ve kıtaların rolünü bu bağlamda değerlendirmektir. Düzenlenen son üç U17 ve U20 FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Kupası’na katılmış 2016 kadın futbolcu (U17=1008, U20=1008) doğum ayı dağılımlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Çeyrekler arası farklılıklar Ki-Kare (χ²) uyum iyiliği testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir ve çeyrekleri karşılaştırmak için olasılık oranı (OR) ve % 95 güven aralıkları hesaplanmıştır. RYE’nin U17’de U20’ye göre daha yaygın olduğu tespit edilmiştir (sırasıyla, χ2=43.865, p<.001, V=0.12; χ2=24.071, p<.001, V=0.09). Tüm pozisyonlar için yılın ilk çeyreğinde doğan kadın futbolcu sayısı son çeyreğinde doğan kadın futbolcu sayısından daha fazladır. U17’de RYE tüm pozisyonlarda anlamlıyken, U20’de sadece defans ve orta saha oyuncularının dağılımlarında önemli ölçüde farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, RYE, kadın futbolu bağlamında araştırılması gereken kritik bir konudur ve yaş kategorileri, oyun pozisyonları ve kıtalar RYE bağlamında antrenörlerin ve politika yapıcıların göz önünde bulundurması gereken unsurlardandır.

Keywords

Yetenek belirleme ve geliştirme, Yetenek seçimi, Seçim yanlılığı, Kronolojik yaş, Doğum tarihi

Investigation of Relative Age Effect in Female Soccer: Born to Play?

Abstract

Early identification and development of “talented” athletes in youth sport is of primary interest to national governing bodies of sport and sport clubs across all sports. Selection bias during recruitment and planning the developmental pathways of athletes is a critical issue to address, and relative age effect (RAE) is one of the concepts to be investigated in this regard. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of RAE in U17 and U20 FIFA Women’s World Cup, and to investigate the role of age category, playing position and continents with regard to RAE. A total of 2016 female soccer players (U17=1008, U20=1008) participating in the last three consecutive U17 and U20 FIFA Women's World Cups were evaluated based on the birth month distributions. Inter-quartile differences were assessed using the Chi-square (χ²) goodness-of-fit test, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare quartiles. RAE was more prevalent in U17 compared to U20 (χ2=43.865, p<.001, V=0.12; χ2=24.071, p<.001, V=0.09, respectively). For all positions, the number of female soccer players born in the first quarter of the year was higher than those born in the last quarter. In U17, RAE was statistically significant in all positions, while in U20 only defenders and midfielders’ distributions were significantly skewed. In conclusion, RAE is a critical issue to investigate in female soccer context, and age categories, playing position and continents seem such moderators of RAE that coaches and policy makers need to consider.

Keywords

Talent identification and development, Talent selection, Selection bias, Chronological age, Birth date

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