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TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10, 311 - 327, 11.03.2016

Seda Gayretli

Öz

ABSTRACT

Today, promoting clean technology and its transfer into developing countries deemed as the best solution for the climate change battle. Technology and its transfer includes more than buying and selling a new product it also includes learning skills and adapting this new technology to local conditions. Many international conferences and multilateral environmental agreements have the unified purpose of increasing usage, development of clean technology.  The main ones include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Hereinafter UNFCC) the Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and World Intellectual Property Organizations. This article only focuses on the UNFCCC and their conference specifically include transfer of technology debates and criticizes these meetings and provides suggestions to promote transfer of technology.

                                                                 ÖZ

Cağımızın en acil çözülmesi gereken sorunu olan iklim değişikliğine karşı en etkili cözümün gwlişmiş ülkelerden gelişmememiş yada gelişmekte olan ülkelere  teknoloji ve teknoloji transferi olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Teknoloji ve transferi yeni bir ürünün alınıp satılmasından daha geniş bir kavramdır. Bu kavramlar günümüzde öğrenme yöntemlerini ve bu yeni teknolojilerin yerel koşullara adapte edilmesini  geliştimesini üretilmesini ve insan gücü eğitimini de kapsar. Bir çok uluslarası konferans ve uluslarası çevre anlaşması  teknoloji ve teknoloji transferini desteklemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Uluslarası teknoloji transferindeki en önemli rolü Dünya Fikri Haklar Örgütü, Dünya Ticaret Orgütünün TRIPS Anlaşması ve Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikligi Anlaşması ( UNFCCC) oynamaktadır. Bu makale sadece UNFCCC ve onun toplantı ve protokollerindeki temiz teknoloji transferiyle ilgili hükümleri ve tartışmaları incelemekte  ve sonuç bölümünde teknoloji transferini arttırmak için öneriler sunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Barton John, (2008) Mitigating Climate Change Through Technology Transfer: Addressing the Needs of Developing Countries, Energy Environment, and Development Programme, Chatham House.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009 Symbol: UFCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 30 March 2010.
  • Carlos M. Correa, (2005) “Can the TRIPS Agreement Foster Technology Transfer to Developing Countries” in Keith Maskus & Jerome Reichman, International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime227–256.
  • Cameron J. Hutchison, (2006) Does TRIPS Facilite or Impede Climate Change Technology Transfer into Developing Countries? 3U. OTTOWA L. & TECH. J. 517, 520.
  • Conference of the Parties of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, Marrakesh, MORROCO, Oct. 29-Nov. 10, 2001, The Marrakesh Accords, 17, U.N. DOC FCCC/CP/2001/13/Add.2 (2002).
  • Christian N. Okeke, "Science, Technology and the Law" (1992) at 21. LECTURES & SPEECHES. PAPER 2.
  • David M. Haug, (1992) The International Transfer of Technology: Lessons That East Europe Can Learn From the Failed Third World Experience, 5 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 209.
  • Earth Negotiations Bulletin Vol. 12 No. 594 Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IIS D ) Tuesday, 26 November Tuesday, 26 November 2013 Vol. 12 No.594
  • Estelle Derclaye, (2010) Not Only Innovation but Also Collaboration, Funding, Goodwill and Commitment: Which Role for Patent Laws in Post-Copenhagen Climate Change Action 9 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L.
  • International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights, Background Paper,2, 2008.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2000). “Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer.” Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • Int’l Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development [ICTS], Climate Change, Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights, at 2-3, Trade and Climate Change Seminar Copenhagen Denmark Background Paper (June 12-18, 2008).
  • Ingham, R and H. hood. (2009), G 77 says Danish climate text threatens success of the Un talks. AF December.
  • Joshua D. Sarnoff, The Patent System and Climate Change (2011) 16 Va. J.L. & Tech. 301, 30.
  • Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature Mar. 16, 1998, 2303 U.N.T.S. 148 (entered into force Feb. 16, 2005) Dec. 10, 1997, U.N. Doc. FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.1, 37 I.L.M. 22.
  • Lin Feng, Jason Buhi, (2011).The Copenhagen Accord and the Silent Incorporation of the Polluter Pays Principle in International Climate Law: An Analysis of Sino-American Diplomacy at Copenhagen and Beyond, 18 Buff. Envtl. L.J. 1, 19-20.
  • Mathew Rimmer, The Doha Deadlock Intellectual Property and Climate Change , 11 December 2012, http://theconversation.com/the-doha-deadlock-intellectual-property-and-climate-change-11244
  • Mathew Rimmer, (2011). Intellectual Property and Climate Change Inventing Clean Technologies Intellectual Property and Environment.
  • Micheal Grubb with Christian Vrolijk, Duncan Brack, (2013) .The Kyoto Protocol, A Guide and Assessment.
  • Pedro Roffe, (2005). Comment Technology Transfer on the International Agenda (International Public of Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime, (edited by Keith E. Maskus and Jerome H. Reichman ).
  • R. Ricupero, Trade and Technology Issues at Stake for Developing Countries in UNCTAD, Technology Trade Policy and the Uruguay Round, U.N. Doc. UNCTAD /ITP/23 (1990).
  • -
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1 (March 14, 2008).
  • Report of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention on its seventh session, held in Bangkok from 28 September to 9 October 2009, and Barcelona from 2 to 6 November 2009.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009 FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 30 March 2010.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1 (March 14, 2008).
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. Symbol: FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1 15 March 2011.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011 Symbol: FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1, 15 March 2012.
  • Remi Moncel, (2012). Unconstructive Ambiguity in the Durban Climate Deal of Cop 17 / Cmp 7 12 Sustainable Dev. L. & Pol'y 6.
  • Scott Barret, (2008). Climate Treaties and the Imperative of Enforcement, 24 Oxford Rev. Econ. Pol’y.
  • Third World Organization, Climate Change & Technology Transfer: Addressing Intellectual Property.
  • The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2009), Promoting Development, Saving the Planet: World Economic and Social Survey 2009, New York: United Nations.
  • -
  • The Danish Text, Draft Negotiating Text on the Adoption of the Copenhagen Agreement under the United States Framework Convention on Climate Change Decision 1/CP,15, 8 December 2009.
  • -
  • UNCTAD, (1996). Fostering Technological Fynamism: Evaluation of Thought on Technological Development Process and Competitiveness: A Review of Literature, U.N. Sales No. E. 95. II. D. 21.
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 771 U.N.T.S. 107, 165; S. Treaty Doc No. 102-38 (1992); U.N. Doc. A/AC.237/18 (Part II)/Add.1; 31 I.L.M. 849 (1992).
  • World Intellectual Property Organization, (2009) IP and Climate Change Negotiations from Bali to Copenhagen via Poznan, WIPO MAGAZINE.
  • Online Sources
  • IPCCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch
  • Saibal Dasgupta, Copenhagen conference: India, China plan joint exit, The Times of India, Available at http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Copenhagen-conference-India-China-plan jointexit/articleshow/5279771.cms?referral=PM
  • TV Padma, News India Pushes for Tech Transfer at Durban Climate Change Talks, (22/11/2011) Available at http://www.scidev.net/global/climate-change/news/india-pushes-for-tech-transfer-at-durban-climate-talks.html
  • UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Home.aspx
  • UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change http://newsroom.unfccc.int
  • WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.html
  • WTO World Trade Organization https://www.wto.org

TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10, 311 - 327, 11.03.2016

Seda Gayretli

Öz

ABSTRACT

Today, promoting clean technology and its transfer into developing countries deemed as the best solution for the climate change battle. Technology and its transfer includes more than buying and selling a new product it also includes learning skills and adapting this new technology to local conditions. Many international conferences and multilateral environmental agreements have the unified purpose of increasing usage, development of clean technology.  The main ones include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Hereinafter UNFCC) the Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and World Intellectual Property Organizations. This article only focuses on the UNFCCC and their conference specifically include transfer of technology debates and criticizes these meetings and provides suggestions to promote transfer of technology.

                                                                 ÖZ

Cağımızın en acil çözülmesi gereken sorunu olan iklim değişikliğine karşı en etkili cözümün gwlişmiş ülkelerden gelişmememiş yada gelişmekte olan ülkelere  teknoloji ve teknoloji transferi olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Teknoloji ve transferi yeni bir ürünün alınıp satılmasından daha geniş bir kavramdır. Bu kavramlar günümüzde öğrenme yöntemlerini ve bu yeni teknolojilerin yerel koşullara adapte edilmesini  geliştimesini üretilmesini ve insan gücü eğitimini de kapsar. Bir çok uluslarası konferans ve uluslarası çevre anlaşması  teknoloji ve teknoloji transferini desteklemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Uluslarası teknoloji transferindeki en önemli rolü Dünya Fikri Haklar Örgütü, Dünya Ticaret Orgütünün TRIPS Anlaşması ve Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikligi Anlaşması ( UNFCCC) oynamaktadır. Bu makale sadece UNFCCC ve onun toplantı ve protokollerindeki temiz teknoloji transferiyle ilgili hükümleri ve tartışmaları incelemekte  ve sonuç bölümünde teknoloji transferini arttırmak için öneriler sunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iklim Değisikligi Teknoloji Teknoloji Transferi Birleşmiş Milletler İklim

Kaynakça

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Barton John, (2008) Mitigating Climate Change Through Technology Transfer: Addressing the Needs of Developing Countries, Energy Environment, and Development Programme, Chatham House.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009 Symbol: UFCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 30 March 2010.
  • Carlos M. Correa, (2005) “Can the TRIPS Agreement Foster Technology Transfer to Developing Countries” in Keith Maskus & Jerome Reichman, International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime227–256.
  • Cameron J. Hutchison, (2006) Does TRIPS Facilite or Impede Climate Change Technology Transfer into Developing Countries? 3U. OTTOWA L. & TECH. J. 517, 520.
  • Conference of the Parties of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, Marrakesh, MORROCO, Oct. 29-Nov. 10, 2001, The Marrakesh Accords, 17, U.N. DOC FCCC/CP/2001/13/Add.2 (2002).
  • Christian N. Okeke, "Science, Technology and the Law" (1992) at 21. LECTURES & SPEECHES. PAPER 2.
  • David M. Haug, (1992) The International Transfer of Technology: Lessons That East Europe Can Learn From the Failed Third World Experience, 5 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 209.
  • Earth Negotiations Bulletin Vol. 12 No. 594 Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IIS D ) Tuesday, 26 November Tuesday, 26 November 2013 Vol. 12 No.594
  • Estelle Derclaye, (2010) Not Only Innovation but Also Collaboration, Funding, Goodwill and Commitment: Which Role for Patent Laws in Post-Copenhagen Climate Change Action 9 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L.
  • International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights, Background Paper,2, 2008.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2000). “Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer.” Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • Int’l Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development [ICTS], Climate Change, Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights, at 2-3, Trade and Climate Change Seminar Copenhagen Denmark Background Paper (June 12-18, 2008).
  • Ingham, R and H. hood. (2009), G 77 says Danish climate text threatens success of the Un talks. AF December.
  • Joshua D. Sarnoff, The Patent System and Climate Change (2011) 16 Va. J.L. & Tech. 301, 30.
  • Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature Mar. 16, 1998, 2303 U.N.T.S. 148 (entered into force Feb. 16, 2005) Dec. 10, 1997, U.N. Doc. FCCC/CP/1997/L.7/Add.1, 37 I.L.M. 22.
  • Lin Feng, Jason Buhi, (2011).The Copenhagen Accord and the Silent Incorporation of the Polluter Pays Principle in International Climate Law: An Analysis of Sino-American Diplomacy at Copenhagen and Beyond, 18 Buff. Envtl. L.J. 1, 19-20.
  • Mathew Rimmer, The Doha Deadlock Intellectual Property and Climate Change , 11 December 2012, http://theconversation.com/the-doha-deadlock-intellectual-property-and-climate-change-11244
  • Mathew Rimmer, (2011). Intellectual Property and Climate Change Inventing Clean Technologies Intellectual Property and Environment.
  • Micheal Grubb with Christian Vrolijk, Duncan Brack, (2013) .The Kyoto Protocol, A Guide and Assessment.
  • Pedro Roffe, (2005). Comment Technology Transfer on the International Agenda (International Public of Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime, (edited by Keith E. Maskus and Jerome H. Reichman ).
  • R. Ricupero, Trade and Technology Issues at Stake for Developing Countries in UNCTAD, Technology Trade Policy and the Uruguay Round, U.N. Doc. UNCTAD /ITP/23 (1990).
  • -
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1 (March 14, 2008).
  • Report of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention on its seventh session, held in Bangkok from 28 September to 9 October 2009, and Barcelona from 2 to 6 November 2009.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its fifteenth session, held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009 FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 30 March 2010.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1 (March 14, 2008).
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. Symbol: FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1 15 March 2011.
  • Report of the Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28 November to 11 December 2011 Symbol: FCCC/CP/2011/9/Add.1, 15 March 2012.
  • Remi Moncel, (2012). Unconstructive Ambiguity in the Durban Climate Deal of Cop 17 / Cmp 7 12 Sustainable Dev. L. & Pol'y 6.
  • Scott Barret, (2008). Climate Treaties and the Imperative of Enforcement, 24 Oxford Rev. Econ. Pol’y.
  • Third World Organization, Climate Change & Technology Transfer: Addressing Intellectual Property.
  • The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2009), Promoting Development, Saving the Planet: World Economic and Social Survey 2009, New York: United Nations.
  • -
  • The Danish Text, Draft Negotiating Text on the Adoption of the Copenhagen Agreement under the United States Framework Convention on Climate Change Decision 1/CP,15, 8 December 2009.
  • -
  • UNCTAD, (1996). Fostering Technological Fynamism: Evaluation of Thought on Technological Development Process and Competitiveness: A Review of Literature, U.N. Sales No. E. 95. II. D. 21.
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 771 U.N.T.S. 107, 165; S. Treaty Doc No. 102-38 (1992); U.N. Doc. A/AC.237/18 (Part II)/Add.1; 31 I.L.M. 849 (1992).
  • World Intellectual Property Organization, (2009) IP and Climate Change Negotiations from Bali to Copenhagen via Poznan, WIPO MAGAZINE.
  • Online Sources
  • IPCCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch
  • Saibal Dasgupta, Copenhagen conference: India, China plan joint exit, The Times of India, Available at http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Copenhagen-conference-India-China-plan jointexit/articleshow/5279771.cms?referral=PM
  • TV Padma, News India Pushes for Tech Transfer at Durban Climate Change Talks, (22/11/2011) Available at http://www.scidev.net/global/climate-change/news/india-pushes-for-tech-transfer-at-durban-climate-talks.html
  • UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Home.aspx
  • UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change http://newsroom.unfccc.int
  • WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/portal/en/index.html
  • WTO World Trade Organization https://www.wto.org
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Seda Gayretli

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Mart 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Kasım 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10

Kaynak Göster

APA Gayretli, S. (2016). TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(10), 311-327.
AMA Gayretli S. TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. KTÜSBD. Mart 2016;5(10):311-327.
Chicago Gayretli, Seda. “TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5, sy. 10 (Mart 2016): 311-27.
EndNote Gayretli S (01 Mart 2016) TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5 10 311–327.
IEEE S. Gayretli, “TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE”, KTÜSBD, c. 5, sy. 10, ss. 311–327, 2016.
ISNAD Gayretli, Seda. “TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5/10 (Mart 2016), 311-327.
JAMA Gayretli S. TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. KTÜSBD. 2016;5:311–327.
MLA Gayretli, Seda. “TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE”. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 10, 2016, ss. 311-27.
Vancouver Gayretli S. TRANSFER OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY AND UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE. KTÜSBD. 2016;5(10):311-27.
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