COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Anksiyete ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2021, , 1 - 6, 20.04.2021

Melek Yeşil Bayülgen , Abdulkerim Bayülgen , Fatma Hikmet Yeşil Hayriye Akcan Türksever

https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.839229

Cited By: 21

Öz

Giriş: COVID-19 son dönemde ortaya çıkan koronavirüsün neden olduğu bulaşıcı bir hastalık ve halk sağlığı
sorunudur. Hemşireler salgında sağlık iş gücünün en büyük bölümünü oluşturan sağlık profesyonelleridir.

Amaç: Bu araştırma COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde çalışan hemşirelerin anksiyete ve umutsuzluk düzeylerini
belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Bu araştırma kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipte bir çalışmadır. Araştırma Adana ilindeki bir devlet hastanesinde
çalışan 246 hemşire ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği (KAÖ) ve Beck Umutsuzluk
Ölçeği (BUÖ) kullanılarak çevrim içi olarak toplandı. İstatistiksel analiz için tanımlayıcı istatistikler,
Student t-testi, one-way Anova ve Levene testi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hemşirelerin %82,1’inin kadın, %40,2’sinin 26-35 yaş aralığında ve
%32,9’unun serviste çalıştığı belirlendi. Örneklemin %84,1’inin COVID-19 testi yaptırdığı ve %72,4’ünün
COVID-19 hastasına bakım verdiği belirlendi. Hemşirelerin Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği puan ortalaması
11,3 ± 4,3, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği puan ortalaması ise 8,8 ± 6,1 olarak saptandı. Araştırmada yaş ile Koronavirüs
Anksiyete Ölçeği puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark belirlendi (p < 0,046).
Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği ve Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği puanları arasında anlamlı düzeyde pozitif ilişki
olduğu saptandı (r = 0,362, p < 0,001).

Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde hemşirelerin anksiyete düzeyinin yüksek, umutsuzluk düzeyinin ise
orta düzeyde olduğu ve anksiyete ile umutsuzluk arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki olduğu görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anksiyete, hemşire, koronavirüs, pandemik

Determination of Anxiety and Hopelessness Levels of Nurses Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic Process

Öz

Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease and a recent public health problem caused by the coronavirus. Nurses are health care professionals making up the largest part of the healthcare workforce during the pandemic.
Aim: This study was planned to determine the anxiety and hopelessness levels of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: It is a cross-sectional descriptive research. The research was composed of 246 nurses working in a state hospital in Adana province. Data were collected using an online survey of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale. Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, one-way Anova test and Levene’s tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Of the nurses participating in the study, 82.1% were women, 40.2% were between the ages of 26- 35, and 32.9% were working in the ward. Nearly eighty five percent of nurses (84.1%) tested for COVID-19, and 72.4% of sample cared for the patients tested positive for COVID-19. The nurses’ mean score of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale was 11.3 ± 4.3, and for the Beck Hopelessness Scale was 8.8 ± 6.1. Analyses revealed a statistically significant difference between age and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scores (p < 0.046). There was a significantly positive correlation between the scores of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale (r = 0.362, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The anxiety level of the nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic was high, the level of hopelessness was moderate, and there was a moderate positive relationship between anxiety and hopelessness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, coronavirus, nurse, pandemics

Kaynakça

• Abadi, T.S.H., Askari, M., Miri, K., & Nia, M.N. (2020). Depression, stress and anxiety of nurses in COVID-19 pandemic in Nohe-Dey Hospital in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh city, Iran. Military Medicine, 22(6), 526-533. doi:10.30491/JMM.22.6.526
• Aksoy, Y.E., & Koçak, V. (2020). Psychological effects of nurses and midwives due to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Turkey. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(5), 427-433. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.011
• Arnetz, J., Goetz, C.M., Sudan, S., Arble, E., Janisse, J., & Arnetz, B.B. (2020). Personal protective equipment and mental health symptoms among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(11), 892-897. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001999
• Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: Address mental health care to empower society. Lancet, 395(10224), 37-38. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
• Beck, A.T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861-865. doi: 10.1037/h0037562
• Bhattarai, A., & Karki, B. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and mental health issues. Journal of Lumbini Medical College, 8(1), 181-182. doi:10.22502/jlmc.v8i1.383
• Biçer, İ., Çakmak, C., Demir, H., ve Kurt, M.E. (2020). Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği kısa formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anadolu Klin, 25(1), 216-225. doi: 10.21673/anadoluklin.731092
• Brooks, S.K, Webster, R.K, Smith, L.E, Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg N., & Rubin, G.J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
• Carretta, C.M., Ridner, S.H., & Dietrich, M.S. (2014). Hope, hopelessness, and anxiety: A pilot instrument comparison study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(4), 230-234. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.05.005
• Durak, A., ve Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ) geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 2(2), 311-319.
• Enli Tuncay, F., Koyuncu, E., ve Özel, Ş. (2020). Pandemilerde sağlık çalışanlarının psikososyal sağlığını etkileyen koruyucu ve risk faktörlerine ilişkin bir derleme. Ankara Medical Journal, 20(2), 488-501. doi:10.5505/amj.2020.02418
• Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F., ve Sevim, C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde anksiyete ile umutsuzluk düzeylerinin psikososyal ve demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(Ek 1), 24-37. doi: 10.5505/kpd.2020.35403
• Giallonardo, V., Sampogna, G., Del Vecchio, V., Luciano, M., Albert, U., Carmassi, C., … Fiorillo, A. (2020). The ımpact of quarantine and physical distancing following COVID-19 on mental health: Study protocol of a multicentric Italian population trial. Front Psychiatry, 11, 533. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533
• Hacımusalar, Y., Kahve, A.C., Yaşar, A.B., & Aydın, M.S. (2020). Anxiety and hopelessness levels in COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of healthcare professionals and other community sample in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 181-188. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.024
• Hu, D., Kong, Y., Li, W., Hand, Q., Zhang, X., Zhu, L.X., … Zhu, J. (2020). Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine, 6, 50. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424
• Kang, L., Li, Y.I., Shaohua, H.U., Chen, M., Yang, C., Yang, B.X., … Liu, Z. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 14. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X
• Kılınç, G., Yıldız, E., ve Kavak, F. (2016). Kalp yetersizliği hastalarında sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve umutsuzluk arasındaki ilişki. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 7(13), 114-126. doi:10.5543/khd.2016.96158
• Labrague, L.J., & De los Santos, J.A.A. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety among front-line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. Journal of Nursing Management, 28, 1653-1661. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13121
• Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., & Wu, J. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open, 3(3), 1-12. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
• Lee, S.A. (2020). Coronavirus anxiety scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393-401. doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481
• Lee, S.A., Mathis, A.A., Jobe, M.C., & Pappalardo, E.A. (2020). Clinically significant fear and anxiety of COVID-19: A psychometric examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113-112. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113112
• Li, R., Chen, Y., Lv, J., Liu, L., Zong, S., Li, H., & Li, H. (2020). Anxiety and related factors in frontline clinical nurses fighting COVID-19 in Wuhan. Medicine, 99(30), 1-5. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021413
• Naushad, V.A., Bierens J.J., Nishan K.P., Firjeeth, C.P., Mohammad, U.H., Maliyakkal A.M., … Schreiber, M.D. (2019). A systematic review of the impact of disaster on the mental health of medical responders. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 34(6), 632-643. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X19004874
• Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun, 88, 901-907. doi:10.1016/J.Bbi.2020.05.026
• Salant, P., & Dillman, A.D. (1994). How to conduct your own survey. New York: Wiley.
• Roberts, N.J., McAloney-Kocaman, K., Lippiett, K., Ray, E., Welch, L., & Kelly, C. (2020). Levels of resilience, anxiety and depression in nurses working in respiratory clinical areas during the COVID pandemic. Respiratory Medicine, 176, 106219. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106219
• Rubin, G.J., & Wessely, S. (2020). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. British Medical Journal, 368. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m313
• Sakaoğlu, H.H., Orbatu, D., Emiroğlu, M., ve Çakır, Ö. (2020). COVID-19 salgını sırasında sağlık çalışanlarında spielberger durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeyi: Tepecik Hastanesi örneği. Tepecik Eğit. ve Araşt. Hast. Dergisi, 30(Ek sayı), 1-9. doi:10.5222/terh.2020.56873
• Sarıcam, M. (2020). COVID-19-Related anxiety in nurses working on front lines in Turkey. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 9(3), 178-81. doi:10.4103/nms.nms_40_20
• Simone, L., & Gnagnarella, C. (2020). Differences between health workers and general population in risk perception, behaviors, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 spread in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2166. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02166
• Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(4), 317-320.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) weekly epidemiological update and weekly operational update. Retrieved from (07.12.2020): https://reliefweb.int/report/world/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-weekly-epidemiologicalupdate-1-december-2020.
• Yuanyuan, M., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Lang, Q., Liao, C., Wang, N., … Huang, H. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. Journal of Nursing Managemen, 20, 1-8. doi:10.1111/jonm.13014
• Zhang, W., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W., Xue, Q., Peng, M., … Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89, 242-250. doi:10.1159/000507639
• Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., … Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8),727-733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017