The Papadopoulos Model for Transcultural Nursing and Cultural Competence
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 175 - 180, 03.08.2024
Ebru Dığrak
,
Ayfer Tezel
Öz
Cultural competence is the ability to communicate effectively with people from different cultures and is seen as both a lifelong
process and an outcome. Models are used as a guide in the development of cultural competence. Papadopoulos Model which is proposed for use in Turkey, consists of four contects: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity and cultural
practice (competence). Cultural awareness is the degree of awareness we have about our own cultural background and cultural identity. Cultural awareness, the first construct of cultural competence, should be supported by cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be increased through contact with people from different cultures and information about their health beliefs and behaviors. The path to cultural sensitivity involves mutual trust, acceptance and respect as well as compromise. Cultural practice (competence) is the final construct and is the synthesis of acquired cultural awareness, knowledge and sensitivity. This model combines both multicultural and anti-racist perspectives and has a broader understanding of inequalities and human rights. The aim of this article is to explain the development of the Papadopoulos Model used in the development of transcultural nursing and cultural competence, its contests and its relationship with each other and its use in nursing.
Kaynakça
- Aytaç, S. H. (2023). Kültürlerarası modeller merceğinden göç yönetiminde ebelik hizmetleri. Göç Dergisi,10(1), 73-100. doi:10.33182/gd.v10i1.861
- Boyle, P. (2014). An assessment of cultural competence of community
public health nursing in Liffeyside Health Service Area, Dublin. DProf
thesis Middlesex University School of Health and Social Sciences Work
Based Learning Centre
- Camphina-Bacote, J. (2002). The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: a model of care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 181-184. doi:10.1177/10459602013003003
- Çakır Koçak, Y. ve Sevil, Ü. (2015). Kadın doğum kliniklerinde yatan hastalara kültürlerarası yaklaşım. Türkiye Klinikleri Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği-Özel Konular, 1(3), 52-61.
- Çınar, F. ve Eti Aslan, F. (2018). İstanbul’da yaşayan Anadolu Alevilerinin
Purnell’in kültürel yeterlilik modeli ile değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası
İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 98-111 doi: 10.14678/jhs.v15i1.4653
- Dığrak, E., & Tezel, A. (2022). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version
of the cultural competence assessment tool in nursing students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 12(2), 486-492. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.985965
- Evgin, D., & Muz, G. (2021). Nursing students learning to care for refugee
patients: a qualitative study. International Nursing Review, 68(3), 341-
348. doi:10.1111/inr.12641
- Geleta, B. A., Radie, Y. T., & Areri, H. A. (2021). Cultural competence and
its associated factors among nurses working in tertiary hospitals: a
cross-sectional study: cultural competence, nurses, tertiary hospital.
Research Square. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-754525/v1
- Giger, J., & Davidhizar, R. (2002). The Giger and Davidhizar transcultural
assesment model. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 185-188. doi:
10.1177/10459602013003004
- Güven, E. (2021). Kültürel marjinallik teorisi ve hemşirelikte kullanımı.
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 245-251. doi:
10.31125/hunhemsire.968960
- Intercultural Education of Nurses in Europe (IENE). (2024). PTT/IENE
Model. Retrieved date: 28.01.2024. Retrieved from: https://ieneproject.
eu/introduction.php
- International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2022). World Migration
Report, 2022. Retrieved date: 28.01.2024. Retrieved from: https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2022-interactive/
- Jansen, M. B., Lund, D. W., Baume, K., Lillyman, S., Rooney, K., & Nielsen,
D. S. (2021). International clinical placement: experiences of nursing
students’ cultural, personal and professional development; a qualitative study. Nurse Education in Practice, 51(102987), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.102987
- Jeffreys, M. R., & Dogan, E. (2010). Factor analysis of the transcultural
self-efficacy tool (TSET). Journal of Nursing Measurement, 18(2), 120-
139. doi: 10.1891/1061-3749.18.2.120
- Kouta, C., Vasiliou, M., & Raftopoulos, V. (2016). Improving the cultural
competence level of community nurses through an ıntervention. Journal of Family Medicine, 3(9), 1-5.
- Leininger, M. (2002). Culture care theory: a major contribution to advance transcultural nursing knowledge and practices. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 189-192. doi: 10.1177/10459602013003005
- Ličen, S., & Prosen, M. (2023). The development of cultural competences
in nursing students and their significance in shaping the future environment: a pilot study. BMC Medical Education, 23(819), 1-9. doi:
10.1186/s12909-023-04800-5
- Murphy, A., Chikovani, I., Uchaneishvili, M., Makhashvili, N., & Roberts,
B. (2018). Barriers to mental health care utilization among internally
displaced persons in the republic of Georgia: a rapid appraisal study. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 106. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3113-y
- Okeya, O. E. (2021). A critical analysis of transcultural nursing. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 6(1), 31-34. doi:10.31125/hunhemsire.968960
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2024). International Migration Outlook. Retrieved date: 28.01.2024. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/migration/international-migration-outlook-1999124x.htm
- Papadopoulos, C., Castro, N., Nigath, A., Davidson, R., Faulkes, N., Menicatti, R., …, & Sgorbissa, A. (2022). The CARESSES randomised controlled trial: Exploring the health-related impact of culturally competent artificial intelligence embedded into socially assistive robots and tested in older adult care homes. International Journal of Social Robotics, 14(1), 245-256. doi: 10.1007/s12369-021-00781-x
- Papadopoulos, I. (2003). The Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor model for the development of cultural competence in nursing. Journal of Health, Social and Environmental Issues, 4(1), 5-7.
- Papadopoulos, I. (2006). The Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor model of developing cultural competence. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone Elseviers.
- Papadopoulos, I. (2018). Culturally competent compassion: a guide for
healthcare students and practitioners. New York: Routledge.
- Papadopoulos, I., & Lees, S. (2002). Developing culturally competent researchers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37(3), 258-264. doi: 10/1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02092.x
- Papadopoulos, I., Shea, S., Taylor, G., Pezzella, A., & Foley. L. (2016).
Developing tools to promote culturally competent compassion, courage, and intercultural communication in healthcare. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 3(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s40639-016-0019-6
- Papadopoulos, I., Tilki, M., & Ayiling, S. (2008). Cultural competence in
action for CAMHS: Development of a cultural competence assessment
tool and training programme. Contemporary Nurse, 28(1-2), 129-140.
doi: 10.5172/conu.673.28.1-2.129
- Papadopoulos, I., Tilki, M., & Lees, S. (2004). Promoting cultural competence in healthcare through a research-based intervention in the UK. Diversity in Health and Social Care, 1(2), 107-116.
- Perng S. J., & Watson R. (2012). Construct validation of the nurse cultural competence scale: A hierarchy of abilities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(11-12), 1678-1684. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03933.x
- Purnell, L. D. (2009). Guide to culturally competent health care. Davis
Company, Philadelphia.
- Repo, H., Vahlberg, T., Salminen, L., Papadopoulos, I., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2017). The cultural competence of graduating nursing students. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 28(1), 98-107. doi: 10.1177/1043659616632046
- Russell, R., Brunero, S., & Lamont, S. (2014). Reflecting on transcultural
care; Culture care theory and mental health nursing. Austin Journal of
Nursing & Health Care, 1(2), 1-4.
- Schwarz, J. L., Witte, R., Sellers, S. L., Luzadis, R. A., Weiner, J. L., Domingo-Snyder, E., & Page, J. E., Jr (2015). Development and psychometric
assessment of the healthcare provider cultural competence instrument. Inquiry: a Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 52(0046958015583696), 1-8. doi: 10.1177/0046958015583696
- Soylu, Z., Ergöz, S. Z., Yağcan, H., Bilgiç, D. ve Aluş Tokat, M. (2023).
Leininger kültür bakımı çeşitliliği evrenselliği teorisine dayalı göçmen
gebe okulları. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı-1), 49-55.
- Tanrıverdi, G. (2017). Hemşirelerde kültürel yeterliliği geliştirmeye yönelik yaklaşım ve öneriler. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 25(3): 227-236. doi: 10.17672/fnjn.343261
- Taylor, J., & Lamaro Haintz, G. (2018). Influence of the social determinants of health on access to healthcare services among refugees in Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 24(1), 14-28. doi: 10.1071/PY16147
- Tezel, A. (2015). The concept of culture in foreign nursing education curriculum examples. Türkiye Klinikleri Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği-Özel Konular, 1(3), 105-110.
- Topaloğlu Ören, E. D., Yaşar, Ö., Tok Yanık, N. ve Kavlak, O. (2024). Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların aile planlaması yöntemlerine yönelik tercihlerinin kültürel yaklaşımla incelenmesi. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 14(1), 71-82. doi: 10.33631/sabd.1126655
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İç İşleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı. (2024). Göç alanındaki güncel veriler. Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2024. Erişim adresi: https://www.goc.gov.tr/ikamet-izinleri
- Uluslararası Sağlık Hizmetleri (USHAŞ). (2024). Sağlık turizmi verileri.
Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2024. Erişim adresi: https://www.ushas.com.tr/
saglik-turizmi-verileri/
- Yalçın Gürsoy, M., & Tanrıverdi, G. (2020). Evaluation of violence against
elderly people of different cultures by using the “Purnell Model for Cultural Competence”. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 28(1), 83-96. doi:10.5152/FNJN.2020.18088
Transkültürel Hemşirelik ve Kültürel Yeterlilik için Papadopoulos Modeli
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 175 - 180, 03.08.2024
Ebru Dığrak
,
Ayfer Tezel
Öz
Kültürel yeterlilik, farklı kültürden insanlar ile etkin iletişim kurma yeteneğidir ve hem ömür boyu gelişen bir süreç hem de çıktı olarak görülmektedir. Kültürel yeterliliğin geliştirilmesinde modeller rehber olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemizde kullanılması için önerilen Papadopoulos Modeli, kültürel farkındalık, kültürel bilgi, kültürel duyarlılık ve kültürel uygulama (yeterlilik) olmak üzere dört yapıdan oluşmaktadır. Kültürel farkındalık, kendi kültürel geçmişimiz ve kültürel kimliğimiz hakkında sahip olduğumuz farkındalığın derecesidir. Kültürel yeterliliğin ilk yapısı olan kültürel farkındalık, kültürel bilgi ile desteklenmelidir. Kültürel bilgi, farklı kültürden insanlar ile temas kurulması, onların sağlık inançları ve davranışları hakkında bilgiler edinilmesi ile artırılabilir. Kültürel duyarlılığa ulaşmanın yolu karşılıklı güven, kabul ve saygının yanı sıra uzlaşmayı içerir. Kültürel uygulama (yeterlilik) son yapıdır ve kazanılan kültürel farkındalık, bilgi ve duyarlılığın sentezidir. Bu model hem çok kültürlü hem de ırkçılık karşıtı bakış açılarını birleştirir, eşitlikler ve insan hakları konusunda daha geniş bir anlayışa sahiptir. Bu makalede amaç, transkültürel hemşirelik ve kültürel yeterliliğin geliştirilmesinde kullanılan Papadopoulos Modeli’nin gelişimi, yapıları ve birbiri ile olan ilişkilerini ve hemşirelikte kullanımını açıklamaktır.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışma derleme olduğu için etik kurul onayı alınmamıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Yazarlar, bu çalışma için destek almadıklarını açıklamışlardır.
Teşekkür
Middlesex Üniversitesi'nden Profesör (I)Rena Papadopoulos'a sürekli desteği, tavsiyeleri ve rehberliği için büyük minnettarlık duyuyor ve modelini ile ölçeğini kullanmaya sağladığı liderlik için kendisine içtenlikle teşekkür ediyoruz.
Kaynakça
- Aytaç, S. H. (2023). Kültürlerarası modeller merceğinden göç yönetiminde ebelik hizmetleri. Göç Dergisi,10(1), 73-100. doi:10.33182/gd.v10i1.861
- Boyle, P. (2014). An assessment of cultural competence of community
public health nursing in Liffeyside Health Service Area, Dublin. DProf
thesis Middlesex University School of Health and Social Sciences Work
Based Learning Centre
- Camphina-Bacote, J. (2002). The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: a model of care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 181-184. doi:10.1177/10459602013003003
- Çakır Koçak, Y. ve Sevil, Ü. (2015). Kadın doğum kliniklerinde yatan hastalara kültürlerarası yaklaşım. Türkiye Klinikleri Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği-Özel Konular, 1(3), 52-61.
- Çınar, F. ve Eti Aslan, F. (2018). İstanbul’da yaşayan Anadolu Alevilerinin
Purnell’in kültürel yeterlilik modeli ile değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası
İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 98-111 doi: 10.14678/jhs.v15i1.4653
- Dığrak, E., & Tezel, A. (2022). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version
of the cultural competence assessment tool in nursing students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 12(2), 486-492. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.985965
- Evgin, D., & Muz, G. (2021). Nursing students learning to care for refugee
patients: a qualitative study. International Nursing Review, 68(3), 341-
348. doi:10.1111/inr.12641
- Geleta, B. A., Radie, Y. T., & Areri, H. A. (2021). Cultural competence and
its associated factors among nurses working in tertiary hospitals: a
cross-sectional study: cultural competence, nurses, tertiary hospital.
Research Square. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-754525/v1
- Giger, J., & Davidhizar, R. (2002). The Giger and Davidhizar transcultural
assesment model. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 185-188. doi:
10.1177/10459602013003004
- Güven, E. (2021). Kültürel marjinallik teorisi ve hemşirelikte kullanımı.
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 245-251. doi:
10.31125/hunhemsire.968960
- Intercultural Education of Nurses in Europe (IENE). (2024). PTT/IENE
Model. Retrieved date: 28.01.2024. Retrieved from: https://ieneproject.
eu/introduction.php
- International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2022). World Migration
Report, 2022. Retrieved date: 28.01.2024. Retrieved from: https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2022-interactive/
- Jansen, M. B., Lund, D. W., Baume, K., Lillyman, S., Rooney, K., & Nielsen,
D. S. (2021). International clinical placement: experiences of nursing
students’ cultural, personal and professional development; a qualitative study. Nurse Education in Practice, 51(102987), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.102987
- Jeffreys, M. R., & Dogan, E. (2010). Factor analysis of the transcultural
self-efficacy tool (TSET). Journal of Nursing Measurement, 18(2), 120-
139. doi: 10.1891/1061-3749.18.2.120
- Kouta, C., Vasiliou, M., & Raftopoulos, V. (2016). Improving the cultural
competence level of community nurses through an ıntervention. Journal of Family Medicine, 3(9), 1-5.
- Leininger, M. (2002). Culture care theory: a major contribution to advance transcultural nursing knowledge and practices. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 189-192. doi: 10.1177/10459602013003005
- Ličen, S., & Prosen, M. (2023). The development of cultural competences
in nursing students and their significance in shaping the future environment: a pilot study. BMC Medical Education, 23(819), 1-9. doi:
10.1186/s12909-023-04800-5
- Murphy, A., Chikovani, I., Uchaneishvili, M., Makhashvili, N., & Roberts,
B. (2018). Barriers to mental health care utilization among internally
displaced persons in the republic of Georgia: a rapid appraisal study. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 106. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3113-y
- Okeya, O. E. (2021). A critical analysis of transcultural nursing. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 6(1), 31-34. doi:10.31125/hunhemsire.968960
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2024). International Migration Outlook. Retrieved date: 28.01.2024. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/migration/international-migration-outlook-1999124x.htm
- Papadopoulos, C., Castro, N., Nigath, A., Davidson, R., Faulkes, N., Menicatti, R., …, & Sgorbissa, A. (2022). The CARESSES randomised controlled trial: Exploring the health-related impact of culturally competent artificial intelligence embedded into socially assistive robots and tested in older adult care homes. International Journal of Social Robotics, 14(1), 245-256. doi: 10.1007/s12369-021-00781-x
- Papadopoulos, I. (2003). The Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor model for the development of cultural competence in nursing. Journal of Health, Social and Environmental Issues, 4(1), 5-7.
- Papadopoulos, I. (2006). The Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor model of developing cultural competence. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone Elseviers.
- Papadopoulos, I. (2018). Culturally competent compassion: a guide for
healthcare students and practitioners. New York: Routledge.
- Papadopoulos, I., & Lees, S. (2002). Developing culturally competent researchers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37(3), 258-264. doi: 10/1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02092.x
- Papadopoulos, I., Shea, S., Taylor, G., Pezzella, A., & Foley. L. (2016).
Developing tools to promote culturally competent compassion, courage, and intercultural communication in healthcare. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 3(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1186/s40639-016-0019-6
- Papadopoulos, I., Tilki, M., & Ayiling, S. (2008). Cultural competence in
action for CAMHS: Development of a cultural competence assessment
tool and training programme. Contemporary Nurse, 28(1-2), 129-140.
doi: 10.5172/conu.673.28.1-2.129
- Papadopoulos, I., Tilki, M., & Lees, S. (2004). Promoting cultural competence in healthcare through a research-based intervention in the UK. Diversity in Health and Social Care, 1(2), 107-116.
- Perng S. J., & Watson R. (2012). Construct validation of the nurse cultural competence scale: A hierarchy of abilities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(11-12), 1678-1684. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03933.x
- Purnell, L. D. (2009). Guide to culturally competent health care. Davis
Company, Philadelphia.
- Repo, H., Vahlberg, T., Salminen, L., Papadopoulos, I., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2017). The cultural competence of graduating nursing students. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 28(1), 98-107. doi: 10.1177/1043659616632046
- Russell, R., Brunero, S., & Lamont, S. (2014). Reflecting on transcultural
care; Culture care theory and mental health nursing. Austin Journal of
Nursing & Health Care, 1(2), 1-4.
- Schwarz, J. L., Witte, R., Sellers, S. L., Luzadis, R. A., Weiner, J. L., Domingo-Snyder, E., & Page, J. E., Jr (2015). Development and psychometric
assessment of the healthcare provider cultural competence instrument. Inquiry: a Journal of Medical Care Organization, Provision and Financing, 52(0046958015583696), 1-8. doi: 10.1177/0046958015583696
- Soylu, Z., Ergöz, S. Z., Yağcan, H., Bilgiç, D. ve Aluş Tokat, M. (2023).
Leininger kültür bakımı çeşitliliği evrenselliği teorisine dayalı göçmen
gebe okulları. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı-1), 49-55.
- Tanrıverdi, G. (2017). Hemşirelerde kültürel yeterliliği geliştirmeye yönelik yaklaşım ve öneriler. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 25(3): 227-236. doi: 10.17672/fnjn.343261
- Taylor, J., & Lamaro Haintz, G. (2018). Influence of the social determinants of health on access to healthcare services among refugees in Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 24(1), 14-28. doi: 10.1071/PY16147
- Tezel, A. (2015). The concept of culture in foreign nursing education curriculum examples. Türkiye Klinikleri Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği-Özel Konular, 1(3), 105-110.
- Topaloğlu Ören, E. D., Yaşar, Ö., Tok Yanık, N. ve Kavlak, O. (2024). Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların aile planlaması yöntemlerine yönelik tercihlerinin kültürel yaklaşımla incelenmesi. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 14(1), 71-82. doi: 10.33631/sabd.1126655
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İç İşleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı. (2024). Göç alanındaki güncel veriler. Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2024. Erişim adresi: https://www.goc.gov.tr/ikamet-izinleri
- Uluslararası Sağlık Hizmetleri (USHAŞ). (2024). Sağlık turizmi verileri.
Erişim tarihi: 28.01.2024. Erişim adresi: https://www.ushas.com.tr/
saglik-turizmi-verileri/
- Yalçın Gürsoy, M., & Tanrıverdi, G. (2020). Evaluation of violence against
elderly people of different cultures by using the “Purnell Model for Cultural Competence”. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 28(1), 83-96. doi:10.5152/FNJN.2020.18088