Sosyal Hizmet ve İnsan Hakları: Eleştirel Bir Bakış

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 117 - 130, 29.12.2021

Sena Öksüz , Burak Küsmez

Abstract

Sosyal hizmeti tarihsel gelişimi içerisinde değerlendirdiğimizde koloni döneminden itibaren temel sosyal reform hareketlerine kapı aralayan meseleler üzerine yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya çıktığını ve zaman içerisinde özellikle 1. Dünya Savaşı sonrası medikal modeli benimseyerek bir dönem için paradigma değişikliği yaşadığını görürüz. 1960’lı yıllar sonrasında sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal arenada canlanan bireyselleşmeye yönelik eleştiriler sosyal hizmetin doğasına ve gelişimine dair yeniden düşünmeyi gerekli kılmış; takip edilen modelin hem formel eğitim hem de uygulamalarda ne ölçüde insan hakları temeline oturduğu tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Yapısal faktörlerin sosyal sorunlara olan etkisini göz ardı etme eğiliminde olan medikal yaklaşım, özünde sosyal değişim ve sosyal adaleti tesis etme amacı taşıyan ve bir insan hakları mesleği olan sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının ihtivasını sınırlandırır. Bu çalışmada genel kabul itibariyle bir insan hakları mesleği kabul edilen sosyal hizmet ve insan hakları ilişkisi tarihsel süreci içerisinde değerlendirilmiş ve mesleğin başlangıcından itibaren öne çıkan modelleri, insan hakları temeli çerçevesinde eleştirel açıdan mercek altına alınmıştır.

Keywords

sosyal hizmet, insan hakları, eleştirel perspektif

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