Increasing the Biomethane Yield of Hazelnut By-Products by Low Temperature Thermal Pretreatment

Year 2024, , 18 - 28, 27.05.2024

Halil Şenol , Muhammet Oyan , Emre Görgün

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.1375580

Abstract

Biomethane energy, which has the status of renewable energies, has the potential to be produced from all kinds of organic wastes, as well as from lignocellulosic materials, which are the most common in nature. In this study, hazelnut shells (HS), one of the hazelnut by-products, were used for biomethane production. In order to obtain higher yields from HS, thermal pre-treatments were applied at temperatures of 60°C, 80°C and 100°C. Pretreatment effects were controlled by lignocellulosic substance amount determinations. As a result of thermal pretreatment at 100°C for 2 h, cellulose and lignin removals occurred approximately 15% and 30%, respectively. While the cumulative biomethane yield of raw HS was 32.3 mL•g total solids (TS)‒1, the cumulative biomethane yields of 100°C pretreated HS were measured as 132.3 mL•gTS‒1. As a result of different pretreatment temperatures, different cumulative biomethane yield curves were successfully simulated with the Modified Gompertz equation and R2 values were found to be between 0.9962 - 0.9985.

Keywords

Renewable energy, sigmoidal models, hazelnut shells, biogas

References

• A. Kara and H. Şenol, ‘’Study on Accelerating Energy Conversion for Industrial Anaerobic Reactors’’, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 17(2), 349-358, 2022.
• H. Şenol, A. Kara, S. Atasoy, and M. Erşan, ‘’Optimization of Nanoparticle Concentration in Anaerobic Digestion by Response Surface Method’’, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, 17(1), 209-219, 2022.
• C. Cavinato, F. Fatone, D. Bolzonella, and P. Pavan, ‘’Thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure with agro-wastes and energy crops: comparison of pilot and full scale experiences’’, Bioresource Technology, 101(2), 545-550, 2010.
• C. Font-Palma, ‘’Methods for the treatment of cattle manure a review’’, Journal of Carbon Research, 5(2), 27, 2019.
• H. Şenol, ‘’Alkaline-thermal and mild ultrasonic pretreatments for improving biomethane yields: Impact on structural properties of chestnut shells’’, Fuel, 354, 129373, 2023.
• Z.M.A. Bundhoo and R. Mohee, ‘’Ultrasound-assisted biological conversion of biomass and waste materials to biofuels: a review’’, Ultrason. Sonochemistry, 40 (2018) 298–313, 2018.
• G. Mancini, S. Papirio, P.N.L. Lens, G. Esposito, ‘’Anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials using ethanol-organosolv pretreatment’’, Environmental Engineering Science, 35, 953–960, 2018.
• İ. T. Çakır, H. Şenol, and E. Kaygusuz, ‘‘Increasing the Biomethane Production of Cattle Manure in Anaerobic Bioreactor by Thermal Pretreatments’’, The Black Sea Journal of Sciences, 13(2), 652-664, 2023.
• Sohail Toor, S., L. Rosendahl, J. Hoffmann, J. B. Holm-Nielsen, and E. Augustine Ehimen, ‘’Lignocellulosic Biomass—Thermal Pre-Treatment With Steam’’, Pretreatment Techniques For Biofuels And Biorefineries, 59-75, 2013.
• F. Bianco, H. Şenol, S. Papirio, H. Zenk, A. Kara, and S. Atasoy, ‘’Combined ultrasonic–hydrothermal pretreatment to improve the biomethane potential of hazelnut shell’’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 165, 106554, 2022.
• H. Şenol, M. Erşan, and E. Görgün, ‘’Optimization of temperature and pretreatments for methane yield of hazelnut shells using the response surface methodology’’, Fuel, 271, 117585, 2020.
• J. Shen, H. Yan, R. Zhang, G. Liu, and C. Chen, ‘’Characterization and methane production of different nut residue wastes in anaerobic digestion’’, Renewable Energy, 116, 835-841, 2018.
• H. Şenol, S. Demir, and E. A. Elibol, ‘’Investigation of Biogas Production By Applying Thermal Pre-Treatment From Mixtures of Different Fruit Wastes And Organic Raw Chicken Manure Wastes’’, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 35(2), 979-990, 2020.
• H. Şenol, ‘’Effects of Naoh, Thermal, and Combined NaOH-Thermal Pretreatments on The Biomethane Yields From The Anaerobic Digestion of Walnut Shells’’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(17), 21661-21673, 2021.
• F. Bianco, H. Şenol, and S. Papirio, ‘’Enhanced Lignocellulosic Component Removal And Biomethane Potential from Chestnut Shell by a Combined Hydrothermal–Alkaline Pretreatment’’, Science of The Total Environment, 762, 144178, 2021.
• E. W. Rice, L. Bridgewater, and American Public Health Association (Eds.), ‘’Standard Methods for the Examination of Water And Wastewater’’ (Vol. 10). Washington, DC: American public health association, 2012.
• Van Soest, P. V., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis, ‘’Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition’’, Journal of dairy science, 74(10), 3583-3597, 1991.
• H. Şenol, ‘’Anaerobic Digestion of Hazelnut (Corylus Colurna) Husks after Alkaline Pretreatment and Determination of New İmportant Points İn Logistic Model Curves’’, Bioresource Technology, 300, 122660, 2020.
• G. Mancini, S. Papirio, P. N. Lens, and G. Esposito, ‘’Enhancement of Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Materials by NMMO and Organosolv Pretreatments’’, ABWET, 70, 2017.
• S. Fan, P. Zhang, F. Li, S. Jin, S. Wang, and S. Zhou, ‘’A Review of Lignocellulose Change During Hydrothermal Pretreatment for Bioenergy Production’’, Current Organic Chemistry, 20(26), 2799-2809, 2016.
• S. L. Sun, S. N. Sun, J. L. Wen, X. M. Zhang, F. Peng, and R. C. Sun, ‘’Assessment of İntegrated Process Based on Hydrothermal and Alkaline Treatments for Enzymatic Saccharification Of Sweet Sorghum Stems’’, Bioresource Technology, 175, 473-479, 2015.
• Q. SYA, W. Wei, G. P. Kingori, and J. Sun, ‘’Cell Wall Disruption İn Low Temperature NaOH/Urea Solution And Its Potential Application in Lignocellulose Pretreatment’’, Cellulose, 22(6), 3559-3568, 2015.
• I. Syaichurrozi, P. K. Villta, N. Nabilah, and R. Rusdi, ‘’Effect of Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment on Biogas Production From Salvinia Molesta’’, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 7(1), 102857, 2019.
• I. Syaichurrozi, R. Rusdi, S. Dwicahyanto, and Y. S. Toron, ‘’Biogas Production From Co-Digestion Vinasse Waste and Tofu-Prosessing Waste Water and Knetics’’, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 6(3), 1057-1070, 2016.
• M. D. Ibrahim and G. Imrana, ‘’Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Materials: Co-Digestion of Corn Cobs, Groundnut Shell and Sheep Dung’’, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(6), 5-11, 2016.
• Ü. Açıkel, M. Erşan, and Y. S. Açıkel, ‘’Optimization of Critical Medium Components Using Response Surface Methodology for Lipase Production by Rhizopus Delemar’’, Food And Bioproducts Processing, 88(1), 31-39, 2010.
• H. Şenol, ‘’Methane Yield Prediction of Ultrasonic Pretreated Sewage Sludge by Means of an Artificial Neural Network’’, Energy, 215, 119173, 2021.
• M. Safari, R. Abdi, M. Adl, and J. Kafashan, ‘’Optimization of Biogas Productivity İn Lab-Scale By Response Surface Methodology’’, Renewable Energy, 118, 368-375, 2018.