Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Water Concentrates from Recreation Pools After Various Disinfection Methods

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the pool water quality, bacterial contamination, genotoxicity and oxidative damage parameters according to different disinfection methods in regression swimming pools in tourist facilities in Antalya, Türkiye in March 2019. For this purpose disinfected pool water samples and erythrocyte solutions and lymphocytes were incubated at two hours. At the end of the incubation, erythrocyte lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method and peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA damage by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay were determined. It showed that all recreational pool water samples disinfected with different disinfectants caused more DNA damage and oxidative stress than mains water. Genotoxicity and oxidative stress data showed that the silver-copper ionization method was the best disinfection method compared to other disinfection methods. Our findings support the potential genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of exposure to disinfectant residues due to different disinfectant uses in regression swimming pools. The positive effects of swimming on human health, continuous monitoring of the quality of pool water and the preference of silver-copper ionization for disinfection can reduce potential health risks.

Keywords

• Swimming pools
• Cytotoxicity
• Genotoxicity
• Oxidative stress

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