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Cross-Section Calculation and Investigation of Level Density Models for (p,n) and (p,3n) Reactions on 151,153Eu Isotopes

Year 2018, , 132 - 143, 30.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.462199

Abstract

Europium
is a lanthanide group metal used in different areas such as the production of
thin superconducting structures, generating the colors on televisions and
monitors, biomedical applications, brachytherapy and nuclear reactor control
rods. In this study; reaction cross–section calculations of
151,153Eu
isotopes on (p,n) and (p,3n) reactions have been carried out using theoretical
nuclear reaction models that have developed for the use in cases of being able
to reach experimental data. The cross–section can be measured experimentally or
can be calculated theoretically, when it is not possible, and can be defined as
the value that expresses the probability of a reaction’s occurring in the
simplest way. The calculations have been carried out by selecting equilibrium
and pre-equilibrium models in computer-aided TALYS 1.8 and EMPIRE 3.2 codes which
have been developed for the use of different theoretical models. The model that
produces the results that are most compatible with the experimental data has
been determined by the analysis of relative variance and the computational
effects of different level intensity models were investigated. The obtained
theoretical calculation results have been compared with the experimental data taken
from International Experimental Nuclear Data Library (EXFOR) database and
theoretical data taken from TENDL 2017 database.

References

  • H. Özdoğan, M. Şekerci, İ. H. Sarpün, and A. Kaplan, “Investigation of level density parameter effects on (p,n) and (p,2n) reaction cross-sections for the fusion structural materials 48Ti, 63Cu and 90Zr,” Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 140, pp. 29-34, 2018.
  • İ. H. Sarpün, H. A. Yalım, R. Ünal, B. Oruncak, A. Aydın, A. Kaplan, and E. Tel, “Determination of (n,2n) Reaction Cross Sections for Some Nuclei with Asymmetry Parameter,” J. Fusion Energ. vol. 29, pp. 387-394, 2010.
  • A. Aydın, H. A. Yalım, E. Tel, B. Şarer, R. Ünal, İ. H. Sarpün, A. Kaplan, and M. Dağ, “Level density parameter dependence of the fission cross sections of some subactinide nuclei induced by protons with the incident energy up to 250 MeV,” Ann. Nucl. Energy vol. 36, pp. 1307-1312, 2009.
  • A. Aydın, G. Türeci, E. Tel, and A. Kaplan, “Investigation of deuteron emission spectra at 62 MeV proton incident energy,” J. Fusion Energ. vol. 29, pp. 327-331, 2010.
  • A. Aydın, H. Pekdoğan, A. Kaplan, İ. H. Sarpün, E. Tel, and B. Demir, “Comparison of level density models for the 60,61,62,64Ni(p,n) reactions of structural fusion material nickel from threshold to 30 MeV,” J. Fusion Energ. vol. 34, pp. 1105-1108, 2015.
  • A. Kaplan, E. Tel, E. G. Aydın, A. Aydın, and M. Yılmaz, “Spallation neutron emission spectra in medium and heavy target nuclei by a proton beam up to 140 Mev energy,” Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 67, pp. 570-576, 2009.
  • A. J. Koning, S. Hilaire, and S. Goriely, “TALYS-1.8 A Nuclear Reaction Program,” http://www.talys.eu/fileadmin/talys/user/docs/talys1.8.pdf, 2015.
  • M. Herman, R. Capote, M. Sin, A. Trkov, B. V. Carlson, P. Oblozinsk, C. M. Mattoon, H. Wienkey, S. Hoblit, Young-Sik Cho, G. P. A. Nobre, V. Plujko and V. Zerkin, EMPIRE-3.2 MALTA Modular System for Nuclear Reaction Calculations and Nuclear Data Evaluation, User's Manual, 2013.
  • Royal Society of Chemistry, Periodic Table, http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/63/europium. Erişim Tarihi:06.08.2018
  • I. Kandarakis, D. Cavouras, G. S. Panayiotakis, D. Triantis, and C. D. Nomicos, “Europium-activated phosphors for use in X-ray detectors of medical imaging systems,” Eur. Radiol., vol. 8, pp. 313-318, 1998.
  • S. S. Syamchand and G. Sony, “Europium enabled luminescent nanoparticles for biomedical applications,” J. Lumin., vol. 165, pp. 190-215, 2015.
  • S. L. Adelman, “Europium-152: A novel and economical isotope for use in Brachytherapy”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 37, pp. L1277-L1279, 1998.
  • W. Hauser and H. Feshbach, “The inelastic scattering of neutrons,” Phys. Rev., vol. 87, pp. 366-373, 1952.
  • A. V. Ignatyuk, K. K. Istekov, and G. N. Smirenkin, “The role of collective effects in the systematics of nuclear level nensities,” Yad. Fiz., vol. 29, pp. 875-883, 1979.
  • A. V. Ignatyuk, G. N. Smirenkin, and A. S. Tishin, “Phenomenological description of the energy dependence of the level density parameter,” Yad. Fiz., vol. 21, pp. 485-490, 1975.
  • S. Hilaire, M. Girod, S. Goriely, and A. J. Koning, “Temperature-dependent combinatorial level densities with the D1M Gogny force,” Phys. Rev. C., vol. 86, pp. 064317(1)- 064317(10), 2012.
  • A. Gilbert and A. G. W. Cameron, “A composite nuclear-level density formula with shell corrections”, Can. J. Phys., vol. 43, pp. 1446-1496, 1965.
  • S. Goriely, M. Samyn, and J. M. Pearson, “Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. VII. Simultaneous fits to masses and fission barriers,” Phys. Rev. C., vol. 75, pp. 064312(1)-064312(7), 2007.
  • EXFOR: Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data. Database Version of 2018-06-29, https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/exfor.htm. Erişim Tarihi:09.08.2018
  • TENDL 2017: TALYS based evaluated nuclear data library. Release Date: December 30, 2017. Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2018
  • J. J. Griffin, “Statistical model of intermediate structure,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 478-481, 1966.
  • N. V. Kurenkov, V. P. Lunev, and Yu. N. Shubina, “Evaluation of calculation methods for excitation functions for production of radioisotopes of iodine, thallium and other elements,” Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 50, pp. 541-549, 1999.
  • R. Capote, M. Herman, P. Oblozinsky, P.G. Young, S. Goriely, T. Belgya, A.V. Ignatyuk, A.J. Koning, S. Hilaire, V.A. Plujko, M. Avrigeanu, O. Bersillon, M.B. Chadwick, T. Fukahori, Zhigang Ge, Yinlu Han, S. Kailas, J. Kopecky, V.M. Maslov, G. Reffo, M. Sin, E.Sh. Soukhovitskii, and P. Talou, “RIPL - Reference input parameter library for calculation of nuclear reactions and nuclear data evaluations,” Nucl. Data Sheets, vol. 110, pp. 3107-3214, 2009.

151,153Eu İzotoplarında (p,n) ve (p,3n) Reaksiyonları için Tesir Kesiti Hesaplamaları ve Seviye Yoğunluğu Modellerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2018, , 132 - 143, 30.11.2018
https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.462199

Abstract

Evropiyum; ince
süperiletken yapıların üretilmesi, televizyon ve monitörlerde renklerin elde
edilmesi, biyomedikal uygulamalar, brakiterapi ve nükleer reaktör kontrol
çubukları gibi farklı alanlarda kullanılan lantanit grubu bir metaldir. Bu
çalışmada; deneysel verilere ulaşmanın mümkün olmadığı durumlarda kullanılmak
amacıyla geliştirilmiş teorik nükleer reaksiyon modelleri kullanılarak,
151,153Eu
izotoplarının (p,n) ve (p,3n) reaksiyonlarındaki tesir kesiti hesaplamaları
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tesir kesiti; deneysel olarak ölçülebileceği gibi, bunun
mümkün olmadığı durumlarda teorik olarak da hesaplanabilmektedir ve en basit
şekilde bir reaksiyonun meydana gelme olasılığını ifade eden değer olarak
tanımlanabilir. Hesaplamalar; farklı teorik modellerin kullanılabilmesi amacıyla
geliştirilmiş olan bilgisayar destekli TALYS 1.8 ve EMPIRE 3.2 kodlarında denge
ve denge-öncesi modeller seçilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel veriler ile
en uyumlu sonuçları üreten model, göreli varyans analizi ile tespit edilmiştir
ve farklı seviye yoğunluğu modellerinin hesaplamalara etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Elde edilen teorik hesaplama sonuçları,
Uluslararası
Deneysel Nükleer Veri Kütüphanesi (
EXFOR)
veri tabanından alınan deneysel veriler ve TENDL 2017 veri tabanından alınan
teorik değerler ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

References

  • H. Özdoğan, M. Şekerci, İ. H. Sarpün, and A. Kaplan, “Investigation of level density parameter effects on (p,n) and (p,2n) reaction cross-sections for the fusion structural materials 48Ti, 63Cu and 90Zr,” Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 140, pp. 29-34, 2018.
  • İ. H. Sarpün, H. A. Yalım, R. Ünal, B. Oruncak, A. Aydın, A. Kaplan, and E. Tel, “Determination of (n,2n) Reaction Cross Sections for Some Nuclei with Asymmetry Parameter,” J. Fusion Energ. vol. 29, pp. 387-394, 2010.
  • A. Aydın, H. A. Yalım, E. Tel, B. Şarer, R. Ünal, İ. H. Sarpün, A. Kaplan, and M. Dağ, “Level density parameter dependence of the fission cross sections of some subactinide nuclei induced by protons with the incident energy up to 250 MeV,” Ann. Nucl. Energy vol. 36, pp. 1307-1312, 2009.
  • A. Aydın, G. Türeci, E. Tel, and A. Kaplan, “Investigation of deuteron emission spectra at 62 MeV proton incident energy,” J. Fusion Energ. vol. 29, pp. 327-331, 2010.
  • A. Aydın, H. Pekdoğan, A. Kaplan, İ. H. Sarpün, E. Tel, and B. Demir, “Comparison of level density models for the 60,61,62,64Ni(p,n) reactions of structural fusion material nickel from threshold to 30 MeV,” J. Fusion Energ. vol. 34, pp. 1105-1108, 2015.
  • A. Kaplan, E. Tel, E. G. Aydın, A. Aydın, and M. Yılmaz, “Spallation neutron emission spectra in medium and heavy target nuclei by a proton beam up to 140 Mev energy,” Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 67, pp. 570-576, 2009.
  • A. J. Koning, S. Hilaire, and S. Goriely, “TALYS-1.8 A Nuclear Reaction Program,” http://www.talys.eu/fileadmin/talys/user/docs/talys1.8.pdf, 2015.
  • M. Herman, R. Capote, M. Sin, A. Trkov, B. V. Carlson, P. Oblozinsk, C. M. Mattoon, H. Wienkey, S. Hoblit, Young-Sik Cho, G. P. A. Nobre, V. Plujko and V. Zerkin, EMPIRE-3.2 MALTA Modular System for Nuclear Reaction Calculations and Nuclear Data Evaluation, User's Manual, 2013.
  • Royal Society of Chemistry, Periodic Table, http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/63/europium. Erişim Tarihi:06.08.2018
  • I. Kandarakis, D. Cavouras, G. S. Panayiotakis, D. Triantis, and C. D. Nomicos, “Europium-activated phosphors for use in X-ray detectors of medical imaging systems,” Eur. Radiol., vol. 8, pp. 313-318, 1998.
  • S. S. Syamchand and G. Sony, “Europium enabled luminescent nanoparticles for biomedical applications,” J. Lumin., vol. 165, pp. 190-215, 2015.
  • S. L. Adelman, “Europium-152: A novel and economical isotope for use in Brachytherapy”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 37, pp. L1277-L1279, 1998.
  • W. Hauser and H. Feshbach, “The inelastic scattering of neutrons,” Phys. Rev., vol. 87, pp. 366-373, 1952.
  • A. V. Ignatyuk, K. K. Istekov, and G. N. Smirenkin, “The role of collective effects in the systematics of nuclear level nensities,” Yad. Fiz., vol. 29, pp. 875-883, 1979.
  • A. V. Ignatyuk, G. N. Smirenkin, and A. S. Tishin, “Phenomenological description of the energy dependence of the level density parameter,” Yad. Fiz., vol. 21, pp. 485-490, 1975.
  • S. Hilaire, M. Girod, S. Goriely, and A. J. Koning, “Temperature-dependent combinatorial level densities with the D1M Gogny force,” Phys. Rev. C., vol. 86, pp. 064317(1)- 064317(10), 2012.
  • A. Gilbert and A. G. W. Cameron, “A composite nuclear-level density formula with shell corrections”, Can. J. Phys., vol. 43, pp. 1446-1496, 1965.
  • S. Goriely, M. Samyn, and J. M. Pearson, “Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. VII. Simultaneous fits to masses and fission barriers,” Phys. Rev. C., vol. 75, pp. 064312(1)-064312(7), 2007.
  • EXFOR: Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data. Database Version of 2018-06-29, https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/exfor.htm. Erişim Tarihi:09.08.2018
  • TENDL 2017: TALYS based evaluated nuclear data library. Release Date: December 30, 2017. Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2018
  • J. J. Griffin, “Statistical model of intermediate structure,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 478-481, 1966.
  • N. V. Kurenkov, V. P. Lunev, and Yu. N. Shubina, “Evaluation of calculation methods for excitation functions for production of radioisotopes of iodine, thallium and other elements,” Appl. Radiat. Isot. vol. 50, pp. 541-549, 1999.
  • R. Capote, M. Herman, P. Oblozinsky, P.G. Young, S. Goriely, T. Belgya, A.V. Ignatyuk, A.J. Koning, S. Hilaire, V.A. Plujko, M. Avrigeanu, O. Bersillon, M.B. Chadwick, T. Fukahori, Zhigang Ge, Yinlu Han, S. Kailas, J. Kopecky, V.M. Maslov, G. Reffo, M. Sin, E.Sh. Soukhovitskii, and P. Talou, “RIPL - Reference input parameter library for calculation of nuclear reactions and nuclear data evaluations,” Nucl. Data Sheets, vol. 110, pp. 3107-3214, 2009.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mert Şekerci 0000-0003-0870-0506

Abdullah Kaplan 0000-0003-2990-0187

Publication Date November 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

IEEE M. Şekerci and A. Kaplan, “151,153Eu İzotoplarında (p,n) ve (p,3n) Reaksiyonları için Tesir Kesiti Hesaplamaları ve Seviye Yoğunluğu Modellerinin İncelenmesi”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 132–143, 2018, doi: 10.29233/sdufeffd.462199.