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ARPA TOHUMLARININ ÇİMLENMESİ SIRASINDA GİBBERELLİK ASİT, KİNETİN VE ETİLEN İLE TUZ STRESİNİN HAFİFLETİLMESİNDE BAZI MORFOLOJİK VE ANATOMİK GÖZLEMLER

Year 2007, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 27 - 40, 01.06.2007

Abstract

Özet: Bu çalışmada tuzlu koşullar altında çimlendirilen arpanın (Hordeum vulgare L. var. Bülbül 89) tohum çimlenmesi, fide büyümesi ve yaprak anatomisine gibberellik asit (GA3), kinetin (Kin) ve etilen (E)'in etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışılan bitki büyüme düzenleyicisi ön uygulamalarının tümü tuz stresinin tohum çimlenmesi ve fide büyümesi üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini hafifletmede önemli bir etkinlik göstermişlerdir. Ayrıca, söz konusu bitki büyüme düzenleyicisi uygulamalarının arpa fidelerinin yaprak anatomisi üzerinde farklı derecelerde etkili oldukları ve bu farkın istatistiksel açıdan önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Bitki büyüme düzenleyicisi, fide büyümesi, tohum çimlenmesi, tuz stresi, yaprak anatomisi


SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS IN ALLEVIATION OF SALINITY STRESS BY GIBBERELLIC ACID, KINETIN AND ETHYLENE DURING GERMINATION OF BARLEY SEEDS

Abstract: Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin (Kin) and ethylene (E) on seed germination, seedling growth and leaf anatomy of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Bülbül 89) germinated under saline conditions were investigated in this study. All of the plant growth regulator pretreatments studied showed a important effect in alleviating of the negative effect of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth. However, it was determined that the plant growth regulator treatments mentioned affected in different degrees on leaf anatomy of barley seedlings, and this difference was statistically important.

Key words: Plant growth regulator, seedling growth, seed germination, salt stress, leaf anatomy

References

  • AL-KARAKI GN, 2001. Germination, sodium, and potassium concentrations of barley seeds as influenced by salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24, 511-512.
  • ASHRAF MY, SARWAR G, ASHRAF M, AFAF R, SATTAR A, 2002. Salinity induced changes in α-amylase activity during germination and early cotton seedling growth. Biologia Plantarum, 45 (4), 589-591.
  • BIALECKA B, KEPCZYNSKI J, 2003. Regulation of α-amylase activity in Amaranthus caudatus seeds by methyl jasmonate, gibberellin A3, benzyladenine and ethylene. Plant Growth Regulation, 39, 51-56.
  • BOHNERT HJ, NELSON DE, JENSEN RG, 1995. Adaptations to enviromental stresses. Plant Cell, 7, 1099-1111.
  • BRAUN JW, KHAN AA, 1976. Alleviation of salinity and high temperature stress by plant growth regulators permeated into lettuce seeds via acetone. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 101, 716-721.
  • BRAY S, REID DM, 2002. The effect of salinity and CO2 enrichment on the growth and anatomy of the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris. Canadian Journal of Botany, 80, 349-359.
  • BRIANT RE, 1974. An analysis of the effects of gibberellic acid on tomato leaf growth. Journal of Experimental Botany, 25 (4), 764-771.
  • BULTYNCK L, LAMBERS H, 2004. Leaf expansion and biomass allocation in two Aegilops species with contrasting leaf elongation rates. Physiologia Plantarum, 122 (1), 143-151.
  • CRAMER GR, QUARRIE SA, 2002. Abscisic acid is correlated with the leaf growth inhibition of four genotypes of maize differing in their response to salinity. Functional Plant Biology, 29, 111-115.
  • CUARTERO J, FERNANDEZ-MUNOZ R, 1999. Tomato and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 83-125.
  • CURTIS PS, LAUCHLI A, 1987. The effect of moderate salt stres on leaf anatomy in Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) and its relation to leaf area. American Journal of Botany, 74 (4), 538-542.
  • ÇAVUŞOĞLU K, 2006. Geleneksel hormonlarla son yıllarda bulunan bazı hormonların ve büyüme düzenleyicilerinin yüksek sıcaklık ve tuz (NaCI) stresleri altındaki arpa ve turp tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırılması. Doktora tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 161 sayfa.
  • DASH M, PANDA SK, 2001. Salt stress induced changes in growth and enzyme activities in germinating Phaseolus mungo seeds. Biologia plantarum, 44 (4), 587-589.
  • DATTA KS, VARMA SK, ANGRISH R, KUMAR B, KUMARI P, 1998. Alleviation of salt stress by plant growth regulators in Triticum aestivum L. Biologia Plantarum, 40(2), 269-275.
  • DELFINE S, ALVINO A, VILLANI MC, LORETO F, 1999. Restrictions to carbon dioxide conductance and photosynthesis in Spinash leaves recovering from salt stres. Plant Physiology, 119, 1101-1106.
  • EL-MASHAD AA, KAMEL EA, 2001. Amelioration of NaCl stress in Pisum sativum Linn. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 39(5), 469-475.
  • ERGENE A, 1982. Toprak Bilgisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 267, Ders Kitapları Serisi No: 42, Erzurum.
  • ESASHI Y, MATSUYAMA S, HOSHINA M, ASHINO H, ISHIZAWA K, 1990. Mechanism of action of ethylene in promoting the germination of cocklebur seeds. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17, 537-550.
  • FLOWERS TJ, HAJIBAGHERI MA, CLIPSON NTW, 1986. Halophytes. Quarterly Review of Biology, 61, 313-337.
  • GHOULAM C, FORES K, 2001. Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Seed Science Technology, 29, 357-364.
  • GRAY RA, 1964. Alteration of leaf size and shape and other changes caused by gibberellins in plants. American Journal of Botany, 51 (6), 674-682.
  • GULZAR S, KHAN MA, 2002. Alleviation of salinity-induced dormancy in perennial grasses. Biologia Plantarum, 45(4), 617-619.
  • HU Y, FRICKE W, SCHMIDHALTER U, 2005. Salinity and the growth of non- halophytic grass leaves: the role of mineral nutrient distribution. Functional Plant Biology, 32, 973-985.
  • HU Y, SCHMIDHALTER U, 2001. Reduced cellular cross-sectional area in the leaf elongation zone of wheat causes a decrease in dry weight deposition under saline conditions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28, 165-170.
  • HU YX, BAO F, LI JY, 2000. Promotive effects of brassinosteroids on cell division involves a distinct CycD3-induction pathway in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 24, 693-701.
  • HWANG YH, CHEN SC, 1995. Anatomical responses in Kandelia candel (L.) Druce seedlings growing in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl. Botanical Bulletion of Academia Sinica, 36, 181-188.
  • IKUMA H, THIMANN KV, 1963. Action of kinetin on photosensitive germination of photosensitive lettuce seeds. Plant and Cell Physiology, 41, 169-185.
  • KARSSEN CM, 1995. Hormonal Regulation of Seed Development, Dormancy, and Germination Studied by Genetic Control. In: KIGEL J. & GOLILI G. (Eds.) Seed Development and Germination. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 333-350.
  • KAUFMANN MR, ROSS KJ, 1970. Water potential, temperature and kinetin effects on seed germination in soil and solute system. American Journal of Botany, 57, 413-419.
  • KAUR S, GUPTA AK, KAUR N, 1998. Gibberellin A3 reverses the effect of salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings by enhancing amylase activity and mobilization of starch in cotyledons. Plant Growth Regulation, 26, 85-90.
  • KEMP PR, CUNNINGHAM GL, 1981. Temperature and salinity effects on growth, leaf anatomy and photosynthesis of Distichlis Spicata L. Grene. American Journal of Botany, 68 (4), 507-516.
  • KEPCZYNSKI J, KEPCZYNSKA E, 1997. Ethylene in seed dormancy and germination. Physiologia Plantarum, 101, 720-726.
  • KHAN AA, 1971. Cytokinins: permissive roles in seed germination. Science, 171, 853- 859.
  • KHAN AA, ANDREOLI C, KUO CG, 1993. Role of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Seed Germination and Stand Establishment Under Stress, In: Adaptation of Foot Crops to Temperature and Water Stress, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Taiwan, 81-90.
  • KHAN AA, HUANG XL, 1988. Synergistic enhancement of ethylene production and germination with kinetin and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in lettuce exposed to salinity stres. Plant Physiology, 87, 847-852.
  • KHAN MA, 1991. Studies on germination of Cressa cretica. Pakistan Journal of Weed Scientific Research, 4, 89-98.
  • KHAN MA, UNGAR IA, 2001. Role of dormancy regulating chemicals in release of innate and salinity-induced dormancy in Sporobolus arabicus Boiss. Seed Science Technology, 29, 299-306.
  • KWIATOWSKI J, 1998. Salinity Classification, Mapping and Management in Alberta. http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/sustain/soil/salinity/
  • LIU PDW, LOY JB, 1976. Action of gibberellic acid on cell proliferation in the subapical shoot meristem of Watermelon seedlings. American Journal of Botany, 63, 700-704.
  • LORETO F, CENTRITTO M, CHARTZOULAKIS K, 2003. Photosynthetic limitations in olive cultivars with different sensitivity to salt stres. Plant Cell and Environment, 26, 595-601.
  • MARTINS MBG, CASTRO PRC, 1999. Growth regulators and tomato leaf anatomy (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Angela Gigante. Scientia Agricola, 56 (3), 693-703.
  • MATILLA AJ, 2000. Ethylene in seed formation and germination. Seed Science Research, 10, 111-126.
  • MEIDNER H, MANSFIELD TA, 1968. Physiology of Stomata. Graw-Hill New York.
  • METZGER JD, HASSEBROCK AT, 1990. Selection and characterization of a gibberellin-deficient mutant of Thlaspi arvense L. Plant Physiology, 94, 1655- 1662.
  • MIZRAHI Y, BLUMONFELD A, BITTNER S, RICHMOND AE, 1971. Abscisic acid and cytokinin content of leaves in relation to salinity and relative humidity. Plant Physiology, 48, 752-755.
  • MOLASSIOTIS A, SOTIROPOULOS T, TANOU G, KOFIDIS G, DIAMANTIDIS G, THERIOS E, 2006. Antioxidant and anatomical responses in shoot culture of the apple rootstock MM 106 treated with NaCI, KCI, mannitol or sorbitol. Biologia Plantarum, 50 (3), 331-338.
  • MOZER TJ, 1980. Control of protein synthesis in Barley aleurone layers by the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid. Cell, 20, 479-485.
  • MUNNS R, GUO J, PASSIOURA JB, CRAMER GR, 2000. Leaf water status controls day-time but not daily rates of leaf expansion in salt-stressed barley. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27, 949-957.
  • MUROFUSHI N, YAMANE H, SAKAGAMI Y, IMASEKI H, RIKEN YK, IWAMURA H, HIRAI N, TSUJI H, YOKOTA T, UEDA J, 1999. Plant Hormones. Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry, 8, 19-136.
  • ÖZTÜRK M, GEMİCİ M, ÖZDEMİR F, KEYİKÇİ N, 1994a. Tohum Çimlenmesi Olayında Bitkisel Hormonların ve Çimlenme Stimülatörünün Tuz Stresini Azaltmadaki Rolü, XII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, Edirne, 44-48.
  • ÖZTÜRK M, PİRDAL M, BAŞ H, 1994b. Brassica campestris L. Bitkisinin Büyümesi ve Gelişmesi Üzerine Ethephon’un Etkileri. XII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, Edirne, 69-77.
  • PINFIELD NJ, STOBART AK, 1972. Hormonal regulation of germination and early seedling development in Acer pseudoplatanus (L.). Planta, 104, 134-145.
  • PRAKASH L, DUTT M, PRATHAPASENAN G, 1988. NaCl alters contents of nucleic acids, protein, polyamines and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 15, 769-776.
  • PRAKASH L, PRATHAPASENAN G, 1990. Interactive effect of NaCI salinty and gibberellic acid and gibberellin like substances and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. G.R.3). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 100, 173-181.
  • PROMILA K, KUMAR S, 2000. Vigna radiata seed germination under salinity. Biologia Plantarum, 43 (3), 423-426.
  • RAO VS, BRAUN JW, KHAN AA, 1976. Promotive effects of organic solvents and kinetin on dark germination of lettuce seeds. Plant Physiology, 57, 446-449.
  • RAYLE DL, ROSS CW, ROBINSON N, 1982. Estimation of osmotic parameters accompanying zeatin-induced growth of detached cucumber cotyledons. Plant Physiology, 70, 1634-1636.
  • ROBINSON SP, DOWNTON WJS, MILLHOUSE JA, 1983. Photosynthesis and ion content of leaves and isolated chloroplasts of salt-stressed Spinach. Plant Physiology, 73 (2), 238-242.
  • SHARMA AD, THAKUR M, RANA M, SINGH K, 2004. Effect of plant growth hormones and abiotic stresses on germination, growth and phosphatate activities in Sorghum biocolor (L.) moench seeds. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(6), 308-312.
  • TAYLOR A, COSGROVE DJ, 1989. Gibberellic acid stimulation of Cucumber hypocotyl elongation: effects on growth, turgor, osmotic pressure, and cell wall properties. Plant Physiology, 90, 1335-1340.
  • THIEL G, LYNCH J, LAUCHLI A, 1988. Short-term effects of salinity stres on the turgor and elongation of growing barley leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 132, 38-44.
  • UNGAR IA, 1974. The effect of salinity and temperature on seed germination and growth of Hordeum jubatum. Canadian Journal of Botany, 52, 1357-1362.
  • WOODS SA, 1996. Salinity Tolerance of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/sustain/soil/salinity/
  • YEO AR, LEE KS, IZARD P, BOURSIER PJ, FLOWERS TJ, 1991. Short-term and long-term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 42, 881-889.
  • ZANEWICH KP, ROOD SB, WILLIAMS PH, 1990. Growth and development of Brassica genotypes differing in endogenous gibberellin content. II. leaf and reproductive development. Physiologia Plantarum, 79, 673-678.
Year 2007, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 27 - 40, 01.06.2007

Abstract

References

  • AL-KARAKI GN, 2001. Germination, sodium, and potassium concentrations of barley seeds as influenced by salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24, 511-512.
  • ASHRAF MY, SARWAR G, ASHRAF M, AFAF R, SATTAR A, 2002. Salinity induced changes in α-amylase activity during germination and early cotton seedling growth. Biologia Plantarum, 45 (4), 589-591.
  • BIALECKA B, KEPCZYNSKI J, 2003. Regulation of α-amylase activity in Amaranthus caudatus seeds by methyl jasmonate, gibberellin A3, benzyladenine and ethylene. Plant Growth Regulation, 39, 51-56.
  • BOHNERT HJ, NELSON DE, JENSEN RG, 1995. Adaptations to enviromental stresses. Plant Cell, 7, 1099-1111.
  • BRAUN JW, KHAN AA, 1976. Alleviation of salinity and high temperature stress by plant growth regulators permeated into lettuce seeds via acetone. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 101, 716-721.
  • BRAY S, REID DM, 2002. The effect of salinity and CO2 enrichment on the growth and anatomy of the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris. Canadian Journal of Botany, 80, 349-359.
  • BRIANT RE, 1974. An analysis of the effects of gibberellic acid on tomato leaf growth. Journal of Experimental Botany, 25 (4), 764-771.
  • BULTYNCK L, LAMBERS H, 2004. Leaf expansion and biomass allocation in two Aegilops species with contrasting leaf elongation rates. Physiologia Plantarum, 122 (1), 143-151.
  • CRAMER GR, QUARRIE SA, 2002. Abscisic acid is correlated with the leaf growth inhibition of four genotypes of maize differing in their response to salinity. Functional Plant Biology, 29, 111-115.
  • CUARTERO J, FERNANDEZ-MUNOZ R, 1999. Tomato and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 83-125.
  • CURTIS PS, LAUCHLI A, 1987. The effect of moderate salt stres on leaf anatomy in Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) and its relation to leaf area. American Journal of Botany, 74 (4), 538-542.
  • ÇAVUŞOĞLU K, 2006. Geleneksel hormonlarla son yıllarda bulunan bazı hormonların ve büyüme düzenleyicilerinin yüksek sıcaklık ve tuz (NaCI) stresleri altındaki arpa ve turp tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırılması. Doktora tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 161 sayfa.
  • DASH M, PANDA SK, 2001. Salt stress induced changes in growth and enzyme activities in germinating Phaseolus mungo seeds. Biologia plantarum, 44 (4), 587-589.
  • DATTA KS, VARMA SK, ANGRISH R, KUMAR B, KUMARI P, 1998. Alleviation of salt stress by plant growth regulators in Triticum aestivum L. Biologia Plantarum, 40(2), 269-275.
  • DELFINE S, ALVINO A, VILLANI MC, LORETO F, 1999. Restrictions to carbon dioxide conductance and photosynthesis in Spinash leaves recovering from salt stres. Plant Physiology, 119, 1101-1106.
  • EL-MASHAD AA, KAMEL EA, 2001. Amelioration of NaCl stress in Pisum sativum Linn. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 39(5), 469-475.
  • ERGENE A, 1982. Toprak Bilgisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 267, Ders Kitapları Serisi No: 42, Erzurum.
  • ESASHI Y, MATSUYAMA S, HOSHINA M, ASHINO H, ISHIZAWA K, 1990. Mechanism of action of ethylene in promoting the germination of cocklebur seeds. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17, 537-550.
  • FLOWERS TJ, HAJIBAGHERI MA, CLIPSON NTW, 1986. Halophytes. Quarterly Review of Biology, 61, 313-337.
  • GHOULAM C, FORES K, 2001. Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Seed Science Technology, 29, 357-364.
  • GRAY RA, 1964. Alteration of leaf size and shape and other changes caused by gibberellins in plants. American Journal of Botany, 51 (6), 674-682.
  • GULZAR S, KHAN MA, 2002. Alleviation of salinity-induced dormancy in perennial grasses. Biologia Plantarum, 45(4), 617-619.
  • HU Y, FRICKE W, SCHMIDHALTER U, 2005. Salinity and the growth of non- halophytic grass leaves: the role of mineral nutrient distribution. Functional Plant Biology, 32, 973-985.
  • HU Y, SCHMIDHALTER U, 2001. Reduced cellular cross-sectional area in the leaf elongation zone of wheat causes a decrease in dry weight deposition under saline conditions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28, 165-170.
  • HU YX, BAO F, LI JY, 2000. Promotive effects of brassinosteroids on cell division involves a distinct CycD3-induction pathway in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 24, 693-701.
  • HWANG YH, CHEN SC, 1995. Anatomical responses in Kandelia candel (L.) Druce seedlings growing in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl. Botanical Bulletion of Academia Sinica, 36, 181-188.
  • IKUMA H, THIMANN KV, 1963. Action of kinetin on photosensitive germination of photosensitive lettuce seeds. Plant and Cell Physiology, 41, 169-185.
  • KARSSEN CM, 1995. Hormonal Regulation of Seed Development, Dormancy, and Germination Studied by Genetic Control. In: KIGEL J. & GOLILI G. (Eds.) Seed Development and Germination. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 333-350.
  • KAUFMANN MR, ROSS KJ, 1970. Water potential, temperature and kinetin effects on seed germination in soil and solute system. American Journal of Botany, 57, 413-419.
  • KAUR S, GUPTA AK, KAUR N, 1998. Gibberellin A3 reverses the effect of salt stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings by enhancing amylase activity and mobilization of starch in cotyledons. Plant Growth Regulation, 26, 85-90.
  • KEMP PR, CUNNINGHAM GL, 1981. Temperature and salinity effects on growth, leaf anatomy and photosynthesis of Distichlis Spicata L. Grene. American Journal of Botany, 68 (4), 507-516.
  • KEPCZYNSKI J, KEPCZYNSKA E, 1997. Ethylene in seed dormancy and germination. Physiologia Plantarum, 101, 720-726.
  • KHAN AA, 1971. Cytokinins: permissive roles in seed germination. Science, 171, 853- 859.
  • KHAN AA, ANDREOLI C, KUO CG, 1993. Role of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Seed Germination and Stand Establishment Under Stress, In: Adaptation of Foot Crops to Temperature and Water Stress, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Taiwan, 81-90.
  • KHAN AA, HUANG XL, 1988. Synergistic enhancement of ethylene production and germination with kinetin and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in lettuce exposed to salinity stres. Plant Physiology, 87, 847-852.
  • KHAN MA, 1991. Studies on germination of Cressa cretica. Pakistan Journal of Weed Scientific Research, 4, 89-98.
  • KHAN MA, UNGAR IA, 2001. Role of dormancy regulating chemicals in release of innate and salinity-induced dormancy in Sporobolus arabicus Boiss. Seed Science Technology, 29, 299-306.
  • KWIATOWSKI J, 1998. Salinity Classification, Mapping and Management in Alberta. http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/sustain/soil/salinity/
  • LIU PDW, LOY JB, 1976. Action of gibberellic acid on cell proliferation in the subapical shoot meristem of Watermelon seedlings. American Journal of Botany, 63, 700-704.
  • LORETO F, CENTRITTO M, CHARTZOULAKIS K, 2003. Photosynthetic limitations in olive cultivars with different sensitivity to salt stres. Plant Cell and Environment, 26, 595-601.
  • MARTINS MBG, CASTRO PRC, 1999. Growth regulators and tomato leaf anatomy (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Angela Gigante. Scientia Agricola, 56 (3), 693-703.
  • MATILLA AJ, 2000. Ethylene in seed formation and germination. Seed Science Research, 10, 111-126.
  • MEIDNER H, MANSFIELD TA, 1968. Physiology of Stomata. Graw-Hill New York.
  • METZGER JD, HASSEBROCK AT, 1990. Selection and characterization of a gibberellin-deficient mutant of Thlaspi arvense L. Plant Physiology, 94, 1655- 1662.
  • MIZRAHI Y, BLUMONFELD A, BITTNER S, RICHMOND AE, 1971. Abscisic acid and cytokinin content of leaves in relation to salinity and relative humidity. Plant Physiology, 48, 752-755.
  • MOLASSIOTIS A, SOTIROPOULOS T, TANOU G, KOFIDIS G, DIAMANTIDIS G, THERIOS E, 2006. Antioxidant and anatomical responses in shoot culture of the apple rootstock MM 106 treated with NaCI, KCI, mannitol or sorbitol. Biologia Plantarum, 50 (3), 331-338.
  • MOZER TJ, 1980. Control of protein synthesis in Barley aleurone layers by the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid. Cell, 20, 479-485.
  • MUNNS R, GUO J, PASSIOURA JB, CRAMER GR, 2000. Leaf water status controls day-time but not daily rates of leaf expansion in salt-stressed barley. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27, 949-957.
  • MUROFUSHI N, YAMANE H, SAKAGAMI Y, IMASEKI H, RIKEN YK, IWAMURA H, HIRAI N, TSUJI H, YOKOTA T, UEDA J, 1999. Plant Hormones. Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry, 8, 19-136.
  • ÖZTÜRK M, GEMİCİ M, ÖZDEMİR F, KEYİKÇİ N, 1994a. Tohum Çimlenmesi Olayında Bitkisel Hormonların ve Çimlenme Stimülatörünün Tuz Stresini Azaltmadaki Rolü, XII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, Edirne, 44-48.
  • ÖZTÜRK M, PİRDAL M, BAŞ H, 1994b. Brassica campestris L. Bitkisinin Büyümesi ve Gelişmesi Üzerine Ethephon’un Etkileri. XII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, Edirne, 69-77.
  • PINFIELD NJ, STOBART AK, 1972. Hormonal regulation of germination and early seedling development in Acer pseudoplatanus (L.). Planta, 104, 134-145.
  • PRAKASH L, DUTT M, PRATHAPASENAN G, 1988. NaCl alters contents of nucleic acids, protein, polyamines and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 15, 769-776.
  • PRAKASH L, PRATHAPASENAN G, 1990. Interactive effect of NaCI salinty and gibberellic acid and gibberellin like substances and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. G.R.3). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 100, 173-181.
  • PROMILA K, KUMAR S, 2000. Vigna radiata seed germination under salinity. Biologia Plantarum, 43 (3), 423-426.
  • RAO VS, BRAUN JW, KHAN AA, 1976. Promotive effects of organic solvents and kinetin on dark germination of lettuce seeds. Plant Physiology, 57, 446-449.
  • RAYLE DL, ROSS CW, ROBINSON N, 1982. Estimation of osmotic parameters accompanying zeatin-induced growth of detached cucumber cotyledons. Plant Physiology, 70, 1634-1636.
  • ROBINSON SP, DOWNTON WJS, MILLHOUSE JA, 1983. Photosynthesis and ion content of leaves and isolated chloroplasts of salt-stressed Spinach. Plant Physiology, 73 (2), 238-242.
  • SHARMA AD, THAKUR M, RANA M, SINGH K, 2004. Effect of plant growth hormones and abiotic stresses on germination, growth and phosphatate activities in Sorghum biocolor (L.) moench seeds. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(6), 308-312.
  • TAYLOR A, COSGROVE DJ, 1989. Gibberellic acid stimulation of Cucumber hypocotyl elongation: effects on growth, turgor, osmotic pressure, and cell wall properties. Plant Physiology, 90, 1335-1340.
  • THIEL G, LYNCH J, LAUCHLI A, 1988. Short-term effects of salinity stres on the turgor and elongation of growing barley leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 132, 38-44.
  • UNGAR IA, 1974. The effect of salinity and temperature on seed germination and growth of Hordeum jubatum. Canadian Journal of Botany, 52, 1357-1362.
  • WOODS SA, 1996. Salinity Tolerance of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/sustain/soil/salinity/
  • YEO AR, LEE KS, IZARD P, BOURSIER PJ, FLOWERS TJ, 1991. Short-term and long-term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 42, 881-889.
  • ZANEWICH KP, ROOD SB, WILLIAMS PH, 1990. Growth and development of Brassica genotypes differing in endogenous gibberellin content. II. leaf and reproductive development. Physiologia Plantarum, 79, 673-678.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Kürşat Çavuşoğlu

Semra Kılıç This is me

Kudret Kabar This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE K. Çavuşoğlu, S. Kılıç, and K. Kabar, “ARPA TOHUMLARININ ÇİMLENMESİ SIRASINDA GİBBERELLİK ASİT, KİNETİN VE ETİLEN İLE TUZ STRESİNİN HAFİFLETİLMESİNDE BAZI MORFOLOJİK VE ANATOMİK GÖZLEMLER”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27–40, 2007.