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Seasonal Changes of Metal Accumulation in Water, Sediment and Phragmites austrialis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel Growing in Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye)

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 45 - 60, 02.12.2016

Abstract

This
study was carried out between April 2014 and January 2015, aimed to determine
heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment and roots, stems and leaves of
the reed (Phragmites austrialis (Cav.)
Trin. ex Steudel) as seasonally from Lake Kovada. During the study temperature,
pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity of lake water were measured.
In water, Cr was below detection limit (<0.0005) in all seasons, Cd (<0.0004)
in spring, autumn and winter, Ni (<0.0001) in summer, Pb (<0.003) in
spring and summer.
Fe has
the highest and Cd is the lowest in water as well as sediment among the studies
metals.
Generally, the metal levels in water increased in
winter. Both positive and negative correlations were detected between content
in the water and physico-chemical parameters. Results for levels in water were
compared with national and international water quality guidelines. All metals
were determined in sediment.  Metal
levels in sediment increased in spring and summer, decreased in autumn
generally. High levels of heavy metals were found in root of redd, while low
levels in stem and leaf samples depend on metal properties. This results show
that a potential danger may occur in the future depending on the agricultural
development. 

References

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  • Engel D.W., Sunda W.G., Fowler B.A., 1981. Factors affecting trace metal uptake and toxicity to estuarine organisms, I. Environmental Parameters, pp. 127-144, In: Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants, (Eds.: Vernberg J, Calabrese A, Thurberg F P. & Vernberg W B), Academic Press, New York, p. 559.
  • Türkmen A., Türkmen M., 2004. The seasonal variation of heavy metal in the suspended particulate material in the Iskenderun Bay (North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey), Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21( 3-4): 307-311.
  • Nimptsch J., Wunderlin D.A., Dollan A., Pflugmacher S., 2005. Antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes in Myriophyllum quitense as biomarkers of heavy metal exposure and eutrophication in Suquía River basin (Córdoba, Argentina), Chemosphere, 61: 147–157.
  • Vardanyan L.G., Ingole B.S., 2006. Studies on heavy metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from Sevan (Armenia) and Carambolim (India) lake systems, Environment International, 32, 208–218.
  • Prasad M.N.V., Malec P., Waloszek A., Bojko M., Strzałka K., 2001. Physiological responses of Lemna trisulca L. (duckweed) to cadmium and copper bioaccumulation, Plant Science, 161: 881–889.
  • Duman F., 2005. Sapanca ve Abant Gölü su, sediment ve sucul bitki örneklerinde ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences, Biology Department, Ankara, 253 s.
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  • Mert R., Bulut S., Yıldırım G., Yılmaz G., Gül A., 2010. Damsa Baraj Gölü (Ürgüp) suyunun bazı fiziko-kimyasal parametrelerinin araştırılması, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30 (2): 285-302.
  • Başyiğit B., Tekin-Özan S., 2013. Concentration of some heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Karataş Lake related to physico-chemical parameters, fish size, and seasons, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22 (3): 633-644.
  • Tanyolaç J., 2009. Limnoloji, Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, Ankara, 294 s.
  • Fındık Ö., 2013. Assesment of metal concentrations and physico-chemical parameters in the water of Beyler Rerservoir (Kastamonu-Turkey), Ecology, 88: 51-57.
  • Karadede-Akın H., 2009. Seasonal variations of heavy metals in water, sediments, pondweed (P. pectinatus L., ) and freshwater fish (C.c. umbla ) of Lake Hazar (Elazığ-Turkey), Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18 (4): 511-518.
  • Akbulut A., Akbulut N.E., 2010. The study of heavy metal pollution and accumulation in water, sediment and fish tissues in Kızılırmak River Basin in Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 167: 521-526.
  • Tekin-Özan S., 2008. Determination of heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 145: 295-302.
  • Ghaffar A., Tabata M., Eto Y., Nishimoto J., Yamamoto K., 2008. Distribution of heavy metals in water and suspended particles at different sites in Ariake Bay, Japan. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 7(7): 3065-3081.
  • Wong C.K.C., Cheung R.Y.H., Wong G.M.H., 2000. Heavy metal concentration in green-lipped mussels collected from Tolo harbor and markets in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Environmental Pollution, 109, 165-71.
  • Kruger T., 2002. Effects of zinc, copper and cadmium on oreochromis mossambicus freeembryos and randomly selected mosquito larvae as biological indicators during acute toxicity testing, Master Thesis, Rand Afrikaans University Faculty of Science, Johannesburg.
  • Türkoğlu M., 2008. Van Gölünden Alınan Su, Sediment ve İnci Kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas, 1811) Örneklerinde Bazı Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans tezi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri ABD, Van, 59 s.
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  • Bebianno M.J., Machado M., 1997. Concentrations of metals and metallothioneins in Mytilus galloprovincialis along the South Coast of Portugal, Marine Pollution of Bulletin, 34 (8): 666-670.
  • Uruç K., Demirezen-Yılmaz D., Akbulut H., 2008. Farklı pH değerlerinin Lemna gibba L. ve Lemna minor L.’de nikel alınımı ve klorofil miktarına etkisi, Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 1 (2), 13-15.
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Kovada Gölü (Isparta-Türkiye)'nün Suyunda, Sedimentinde ve Gölde Yetişen Phragmites austrialis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel Bitkisindeki Metal Birikiminin Mevsimsel Değişimi

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 45 - 60, 02.12.2016

Abstract

Nisan
2014-Ocak 2015 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada; Kovada
Gölü'nün (Türkiye) suyunda, sedimentinde ve gölde yetişen kamış: Phragmites austrialis (Cav.) Trin. ex
Steudel’in kök, gövde ve yapraklarındaki ağır metal seviyelerinin mevsimsel
değişiminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma süresince göl suyunun
sıcaklığı, pH değeri, çözünmüş oksijen miktarı ve elektriksel iletkenlik değeri
ölçülmüştür. Suda, Cr (<0.0005) her mevsim, Cd (<0.004) ilkbahar,
sonbahar ve kış mevsiminde, Ni (<0.0001) yaz mevsiminde, Pb (<0.003)
ilbahar ve yaz mevsiminde analiz limitinin altında kalmıştır. Hem suda hem de
sedimenttte en fazla biriken metal Fe, en az biriken metal ise Cd olmuştur.
Genel olarak suda metal seviyeleri kış mevsiminde artmıştır. Fiziko-kimyasal
parametreler ile metal seviyeleri arasında hem negatif hem de pozitif ilişkiler
tespit edilmiştir. Sudaki sonuçlar ulusal ve uluslararası su kalite esasları
ile kıyaslanmıştır. Tüm sedimentteki tüm metaller tespit edilmiştir.
Sedimentteki metal seviyeleri genel olarak ilkbahar ve yaz mevsimlerinde
artmış, sonbaharda azalmıştır.  Kamışın kökündeki
metal düzeylerinin, metalin özelliğine bağlı olarak gövde ve yaprağa oranla
daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar tarımsal gelişmeye bağlı olarak
gelecekte tehlike olabilceğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Wetzel R.G., 2001. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems, Academic Press, p. 1006.
  • Kocataş A., 2008. Ekoloji ve Çevre Biyolojisi. Ege Üniv. Fen Fak. Ders Kitapları Serisi, İzmir, s. 597.
  • Şeker E., Özmen H., Aksoy Ş., 1998. Elazığ Hazar Gölü’nden yakalanan Capoeta capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843)’da ağır metal birikimlerinin araştırılması, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 10 (2): 13-20.
  • Tümen F., Bildik M., Baybay M., Cici M., Solmaz B., 1992. Ergani bakır isletmesi katı atıklarının kirlilik potansiyeli, Doğa Tr. J. of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 16: 43-53.
  • Engel D.W., Sunda W.G., Fowler B.A., 1981. Factors affecting trace metal uptake and toxicity to estuarine organisms, I. Environmental Parameters, pp. 127-144, In: Biological Monitoring of Marine Pollutants, (Eds.: Vernberg J, Calabrese A, Thurberg F P. & Vernberg W B), Academic Press, New York, p. 559.
  • Türkmen A., Türkmen M., 2004. The seasonal variation of heavy metal in the suspended particulate material in the Iskenderun Bay (North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey), Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21( 3-4): 307-311.
  • Nimptsch J., Wunderlin D.A., Dollan A., Pflugmacher S., 2005. Antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes in Myriophyllum quitense as biomarkers of heavy metal exposure and eutrophication in Suquía River basin (Córdoba, Argentina), Chemosphere, 61: 147–157.
  • Vardanyan L.G., Ingole B.S., 2006. Studies on heavy metal accumulation in aquatic macrophytes from Sevan (Armenia) and Carambolim (India) lake systems, Environment International, 32, 208–218.
  • Prasad M.N.V., Malec P., Waloszek A., Bojko M., Strzałka K., 2001. Physiological responses of Lemna trisulca L. (duckweed) to cadmium and copper bioaccumulation, Plant Science, 161: 881–889.
  • Duman F., 2005. Sapanca ve Abant Gölü su, sediment ve sucul bitki örneklerinde ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Graduate School of Natural And Applied Sciences, Biology Department, Ankara, 253 s.
  • Doğan M., 2011. Akuatik makrofitlerde ağır metal akümülasyonu, Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi, 4 (2): 33-36.
  • Kennedy C.D., Gonsalves F.A.N., 1987. The action of divalent zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper and lead on the trans-root potential and efflux of excised roots, Journal of Experimental Botany, 38: 800-817.
  • Van der Werff M., 2012. Common reed, pp. 172-182, In: Ecological Responses to Environmental Stress, (Eds.: Rozema J. & Verkleij, J.A.C. ) Springer Science & Business Media, The Netherlands.
  • Baytop T., 1997. Türkçe Bitki Adları Sözlüğü, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 512 s.
  • Tucker G.C., 1990. The Genera of Arundinoidea (Gramineae) in the Southeastern United States, Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 71: 14-171.
  • Haslam S.M., 1972. Biological Flora of the British Isles, no. 128. Phragmites Communis Trinidad, Journal of Ecology, 60: 585-610.
  • Dunbabin J.S., Bowmer K.H., 1992. Potential use of constructed wetlands for treatment of industrial wastewaters containing metals, The Science of the Total Environment, 111: 151-168.
  • Kır İ., Tekin-Özan S., Tuncay Y., 2007. Kovada Gölü'nün suyu ve sedimentindeki bazı ağır metallerin mevsimsel değişimi, E.Ü. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24 (1-2): 155-158.
  • Tekin-Özan S., Kır İ., 2007. Seasonal variations of some heavy metals in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L., 1758) and crucian carp (Carassius carassius L., 1758) from Kovada Lake, Turkey, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 16 (8): 904-908.
  • Tekin-Özan S., Kır İ., Ayvaz Y., Barlas M., 2008. Influence of seasons on heavy metal levels in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.,) tissues from Kovada Lake (Turkey), Advances in Food Sciences, 30 (3): 140-144.
  • Anonymous, 2015. Kovada Gölü Milli Parkı., Directorate General for Nature Conservation and National Parks, http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/mp/kovadagolu/index.htm (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2015)
  • Anonymous, 2014. Kovada Gölü, Isparta İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, http://www.ispartakulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,70986/goller.html (Erişim tarihi: 20.09.2015)
  • Kazancı N., 1999. Köyceğiz, Beyşehir, Eğirdir, Akşehir, Eber, Çorak, Kovada, Yarışlı, Bafa, Salda, Karataş, Çavuçcu Gölleri, Küçük ve Büyük Menderes Deltası, Güllük Sazlığı, Karamuk Bataklığı’nın limnolojisi, Çevre Kalitesi ve Biyolojik Çeşitliliği, Türkiye İç Suları Araştırmaları Dizisi IV, Ankara, 372 s.
  • Taş B., 2006. Derbent Baraj Gölü (Samsun) su kalitesinin incelenmesi, Ekoloji, 15 (61): 6-15.
  • Mert R., Bulut S., Yıldırım G., Yılmaz G., Gül A., 2010. Damsa Baraj Gölü (Ürgüp) suyunun bazı fiziko-kimyasal parametrelerinin araştırılması, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30 (2): 285-302.
  • Başyiğit B., Tekin-Özan S., 2013. Concentration of some heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Karataş Lake related to physico-chemical parameters, fish size, and seasons, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22 (3): 633-644.
  • Tanyolaç J., 2009. Limnoloji, Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, Ankara, 294 s.
  • Fındık Ö., 2013. Assesment of metal concentrations and physico-chemical parameters in the water of Beyler Rerservoir (Kastamonu-Turkey), Ecology, 88: 51-57.
  • Karadede-Akın H., 2009. Seasonal variations of heavy metals in water, sediments, pondweed (P. pectinatus L., ) and freshwater fish (C.c. umbla ) of Lake Hazar (Elazığ-Turkey), Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18 (4): 511-518.
  • Akbulut A., Akbulut N.E., 2010. The study of heavy metal pollution and accumulation in water, sediment and fish tissues in Kızılırmak River Basin in Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 167: 521-526.
  • Tekin-Özan S., 2008. Determination of heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) from Beyşehir Lake (Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 145: 295-302.
  • Ghaffar A., Tabata M., Eto Y., Nishimoto J., Yamamoto K., 2008. Distribution of heavy metals in water and suspended particles at different sites in Ariake Bay, Japan. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 7(7): 3065-3081.
  • Wong C.K.C., Cheung R.Y.H., Wong G.M.H., 2000. Heavy metal concentration in green-lipped mussels collected from Tolo harbor and markets in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Environmental Pollution, 109, 165-71.
  • Kruger T., 2002. Effects of zinc, copper and cadmium on oreochromis mossambicus freeembryos and randomly selected mosquito larvae as biological indicators during acute toxicity testing, Master Thesis, Rand Afrikaans University Faculty of Science, Johannesburg.
  • Türkoğlu M., 2008. Van Gölünden Alınan Su, Sediment ve İnci Kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi, Pallas, 1811) Örneklerinde Bazı Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans tezi, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Su Ürünleri ABD, Van, 59 s.
  • Ağcasulu Ö., 2007. Sakarya Nehri Çeltikçe Çayı’nda yaşayan Capoeta tinca (Heckel, 1843)’nın dokularında ağır metal birikiminin incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Bilimleri ABD, Ankara, 54 s.
  • Bebianno M.J., Machado M., 1997. Concentrations of metals and metallothioneins in Mytilus galloprovincialis along the South Coast of Portugal, Marine Pollution of Bulletin, 34 (8): 666-670.
  • Uruç K., Demirezen-Yılmaz D., Akbulut H., 2008. Farklı pH değerlerinin Lemna gibba L. ve Lemna minor L.’de nikel alınımı ve klorofil miktarına etkisi, Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 1 (2), 13-15.
  • Saygı Y., Yiğit S.A., 2012. Heavy metals in Yeniçağa Lake and its potential sources: soil, water, sediment, and plankton, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184 (3): 1379-1389.
  • Tao Y., Yuan Z., Wei M., Xiaona H., 2012. Characterization of heavy metals in water and sediments in Taihu Lake, China, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184 (7): 4367-4382.
  • Usero J., Izquierdo C., Morillo J., Gracia I., 2003. Heavy metals in fish ( Solea vulgaris, Anguilla anguilla and Liza aurata) from salt marshes on The Southern Atlantic Coast of Spain, Environmental International, 1069, 1-8.
  • Al-Saadi H.A., Al-Lami A.A., Hassan F.A., Al-Dulymi A.A., 2002. Heavy metals in water, suspended particles, sediments and aquatic plants of Habbaniya Lake, Iraq, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 59 (5): 589-598.
  • Odokuma L.O., Ijeomah S.O., 2003. Seasonal Changes in the Heavy Metal Resistant Bacterial Population of the New Calabar River, Nigeria, Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 9 (4): 425-434.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Okan Sancer

Selda Tekin-özan

Publication Date December 2, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE O. Sancer and S. Tekin-özan, “Seasonal Changes of Metal Accumulation in Water, Sediment and Phragmites austrialis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel Growing in Lake Kovada (Isparta, Türkiye)”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 45–60, 2016.