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Klinik Lineer Hızlandırıcı Kullanılarak99Mo Radyoizotopunun Yarı-Ömür Tayini

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 94 - 101, 02.12.2016

Abstract

Radyoizotopların yarı-ömürlerinin
belirlenmesi, çekirdek yapılarının aydınlatılmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir.
İlk defa bir
klinik lineer hızlandırıcı kullanılarak
100Mo(γ,n)99Mo fotonükleer reaksiyonunun gerçekleştirildiği
bu çalışmayla
üretilen
99Mo
radyoizotopunun yarı-ömrü belirlenmiştir. Yüksek saflıkta Germanyum dedektöre
sahip bir gama spektrometresi vasıtasıyla elde edilen 99Mo
radyoizotopuna ait spektrum, MAESTRO, gf3 ve ROOT yazılımları kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen deneysel verilerle hesaplanan yarı-ömür
değerinin (64,44saat) daha önceki araştırma sonuçlarıyla ve uluslararası
Nükleer Veri Tabanı, NuDat’taki güncel
yarı-ömür değeriyle (65,98 saat)
uyumlu olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, fotonükleer reaksiyon mekanizmasıyla
incelenebilecek orta ağırlıktaki radyoizotopların yeterli çıkış enerjisine
sahip bir c-linak kullanılarak çalışılabileceği gösterilmiştir.

References

  • Oka Y., Kato T., Nomura K., Saito T., 1967. Gamma-ray spectrometric study of the photo activation products with 20 MeV bremsstrahlung, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 4 (7): 346-352.
  • Meija J., Coplen T.B., Berglund M., Brand W.A., De Bievre P., Gröning M., Prohaska, T., 2016. Atomic weights of the elements (2013 IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 88 (3): 265-291.
  • Lide D.R., 1994. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Company, USA, p. 2531.
  • Lindemann A., Blumm J., 2009.Measurement of the thermophysical properties of pure molybdenum, In:17th PlanseeSeminar, Vol.3, Austria.
  • Audi G., Bersillon O., Blachot J., Wapstra A. H., 2003. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties,Nuclear Physics A,729: 3-128.
  • Roberts A. D., Geddes C. G. R., Matlis N., Nakamura K., O'Neil J. P., Shaw B. H., Steinke S., van Tilborg J., Leemans W. P., 2015. Measured bremsstrahlung photonuclear production of 99Mo (99mTc) with 34 MeV to 1.7 GeV electrons, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 96: 122–128.
  • Sabel'nikov A. V., Dmitriev S. N., Maslov O. D., 2000. Possibilities of 99Mo (99mTc) and 237U production in photonuclear reactions in compact accelerator of electrons MT-25, Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, 252 (3): 280.
  • Sabel’nikov A.V., Maslov O.D., Molokanova L.G., Gustova M.V., Dmitriev S.N., 2006. Preparation of 99Mo and 99mTc by 100Mo (γ, n) photonuclear reaction on an electron accelerator, MT-25 microtron, Radiochemistry, 48 (2): 191-194.
  • Ishkhanov B.S., 2014. Photonuclear reactions on molybdenum isotopes, Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 77 (11): 1362-1370.
  • Dovbnya A.N., 2012. An increase of 99Mo yield under mixed γ, n-irradiation of target from natural molybdenum, Isotopes and Radiation Sources, 45 (26): 151-154.
  • Lindsky L.M., Lanza R., 1998. Method of producing molybdenum-99, Patent number: 5784423.
  • Belic D., Besserer J., Arlandini C., de Boer J., Carroll J. J., Enders J., Hartmann T., Kappeler F., Kaiser H., Kneissl U., Loewe M., Maser H., Mohr P., von Neumann-Cosel P., Nord A., Pitz H. H., Richter A., Schumann M., Volz S., Zilges A., 2001. The new photoactivation facility at the 4.3 MV Stuttgart Dynamitron: Setup, performance, and first applications, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 463 (1-2): 26-41.
  • Masumoto K., Segebade C., 2006. Photon activation analysis, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York.
  • Danon Y., Block R., Harvey J., 2010. Production of Mo-99 using 30 MeV electrons and a Mo-100 target, In: Transactions of the American Nuclear Society and Embedded Topical Meeting Isotopes for Medicine and Industry, Vol. 103, Las Vegas, pp. 1–1190.
  • Starovoitova V.N., Tchelidze L., Wells D.P., 2014. Production of medical radioisotopes with linear accelerators, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 85: 39-44.
  • Eke C., Boztosun I., Dapo H., Segebade C., Bayram E., 2016. Determination of gamma-ray energies and half lives of platinum radio-ısotopes by photon activation using a medical electron linear accelerator: A feasibility study, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 309: 79-83.
  • Mohr P., Brieger S., Witucki G., Maetz M., 2007. Photoactivation at a clinical LINAC: The 197Au(γ,n)196Au reaction slightly above threshold, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 580 (3): 1201-1208.
  • Boztosun I., Dapo H., Özmen S.F., Çeçen Y., Karakoç M., Çoban A., Cesur A., Caner T., Bayram E., Keller G. B., Küçük B., Güvendi A., Derman M., Kaya D., 2014. The results of the first photonuclear reaction performed in Turkey: The zinc example, Turkish Journal of Phsics, 38: 1-9.
  • Boztosun I., Dapo H., Karakoç M., Özmen S.F., Çeçen Y., Çoban A., Caner T., Bayram E., Saito T. R., Akdoğan T., Bozkurt V., Kuçuk Y., Kaya D., Narakeh M. N., 2015. Photonuclear reactions with zinc: A case for clinical linacs, The European Physical Journal Plus, 130: 185
  • Dulger F., Akkoyun S., Bayram T., Dapo H., Boztosun I., 2015. Energy levels and half-lives of gallium isotopes obtained by photo-nuclear reaction,Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 590: 012051.
  • Aygun M., Cesur A., Dogru M., Boztosun I., Dapo H., Kanarya M., Kuluozturk M. F., Bal S. S., Karatepe S., 2016. Using a clinical linac to determine the energy levels of 92mNb via the photonuclear reaction, Applied Radiation and Isotopes,115: 97–99.
  • Anbar A.D., Knab K.A., Barling J., 2001. Precise determination of mass-dependent variations in the isotopic composition of molybdenum using MC-ICPMS, Analytical Chemistry, 73(7): 1425-1431.
  • Elekta, Elekta Digital Accelerator, 2003. General Introduction Page. https://www. elekta.com/services/education-and-training.html Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2014.
  • Ortec, 2010. Manual. http://www.ortec-online.com/Service-Support/Library/Manuals.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2014).
  • Maestro-32, 2012. Guide. http://www.ortec-online.com/download/A65-B32-MAESTRO-32-Emulation-Software.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2014).
  • Radford DC, 2000. Notes On The Use Of The Gf3.http://radware.phy.ornl.gov/gf3/gf3.html (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2014).
  • Brun R., Rademakers F., 1997. ROOT-An object oriented data analysis framework,Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 389 (1): 81-86.
  • Seiler J.A., 1947. Early drama, art, and music monograph series, Vol. 17 Report ANL-4000, Argonne National Laboratory, p. 119.
  • Chechev V.P., Egorov A.G., 2000. Search for an optimum approach to the evaluation of data of varying consistency: half-live evaluations for 3H, 35S, 55Fe, 99Mo and 111In, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 52(3): 601-608.
  • Wright H.W., Wyatt E.I., Reynolds S.A., Lyon W.S., Handley, T.H., 1957. Half-lives of radionuclides-I, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2 (4): 427-430.
  • Gunn S.R., Hicks H.G., Levy H.B., Stevenson P.C., 1957. Calorimetric determination of the average total kinetic energy of fragments from fission of U235, Physical Review, 107(6): 1642.
  • Protopopov A.N., Tolmachev G.M., Ushatskii V.N., Venediktova R.V., Krisiuk I.S., Rodionova L. P., Iakovleva G.V., 1958. Distribution of fragments by mass in fission of U235. U238 and Pu239 by neutrons of 14.6 MeV energy, The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy, 5(2): 963-968.
  • Newman R.D., 1961. Half-lives of I-132, Mg-28, Tc-99m, Mo-99 and Al-28, In: Private Communication, Pennsylvania.
  • Martin M.J., Blichert-Toft P.H., 1970. Radioactive atoms: Auger-electron, α-, β, γ-, and X-ray data, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables,8(1): 1-198.
  • Crowther P., Eldridge J.S., 1965. Decay of 99Mo - 99mTc, Nuclear Physics,66(2): 472-480.
  • Baldwin M.N., 1967. Molybdenum-99 half-life determination, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 30 (1): 144.
  • Reynolds S.A., Emery J.F., Wyatt E.I., 1968. Half-lives of radionuclides-III, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 32 (1): 46-48.
  • Baba S., Baba H., Natsume H., 1971. Half-lives of some fission product nuclides, Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 33 (2): 589-595.
  • Emery J.F., Reynolds S.A., Wyatt E.I., Gleason G.I., 1972. Half-lives of radionuclides-IV, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 48 (3): 319-323.
  • Dickens J.K., 1979. Half life of132Te, Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, 39 (2): 107-119.
  • Houtermans H., Milosevic O., Reichel F., 1980. Half-lives of 35 radionuclides, The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 31(3): 153-154.
  • Hoppes D.D., Hutchinson J.M.R., Schima F. J., Unterweger M.P., 1982. Nuclear data for X-or gamma-ray spectrometer efficiency calibrations, In: NBS Special Publication, 626: 85.
  • Walz K.F., Debertin K., Schrader H., 1983. Half-life measurements at the PTB,The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes,34 (8): 1191-1199.
  • Gray P.W., Mac Mahon T.D., Rajput M.U., 1990. Objective data evaluation procedures, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 286 (3): 569-575.

Determination of the Half-Life of Molybdenum-99 Radioisotope by Using Clinical Linear Accelerator

Year 2016, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 94 - 101, 02.12.2016

Abstract

Determination of the half-lives of the radioisotopes has an importance for
understanding about the nuclear structure. In this work, 100Mo(γ,n)99Mo
photonuclear reaction was studied for the first time by using a clinical linear
accelerator and the half-life of 99Mo radioisotope was determined.
The spectrum of 99Mo radioisotope was obtained by using a gamma
spectrometer with a high purity Germanium detector. Then, the spectrum was
analyzed by using
MAESTRO, gf3 and ROOTsoftware. It was found that, the calculated
half-life value from the experimental data (64.44 h) agreed with the results of
the previous studies and the reported half-life value in Nuclear Data Database,
NuDat(65.98 h). As a conclusion, it has been shown that, the photonuclear
reaction mechanism for medium weight radioisotopes can be studied by using a
c-linac, which has suitable end point energy

References

  • Oka Y., Kato T., Nomura K., Saito T., 1967. Gamma-ray spectrometric study of the photo activation products with 20 MeV bremsstrahlung, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 4 (7): 346-352.
  • Meija J., Coplen T.B., Berglund M., Brand W.A., De Bievre P., Gröning M., Prohaska, T., 2016. Atomic weights of the elements (2013 IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 88 (3): 265-291.
  • Lide D.R., 1994. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Company, USA, p. 2531.
  • Lindemann A., Blumm J., 2009.Measurement of the thermophysical properties of pure molybdenum, In:17th PlanseeSeminar, Vol.3, Austria.
  • Audi G., Bersillon O., Blachot J., Wapstra A. H., 2003. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties,Nuclear Physics A,729: 3-128.
  • Roberts A. D., Geddes C. G. R., Matlis N., Nakamura K., O'Neil J. P., Shaw B. H., Steinke S., van Tilborg J., Leemans W. P., 2015. Measured bremsstrahlung photonuclear production of 99Mo (99mTc) with 34 MeV to 1.7 GeV electrons, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 96: 122–128.
  • Sabel'nikov A. V., Dmitriev S. N., Maslov O. D., 2000. Possibilities of 99Mo (99mTc) and 237U production in photonuclear reactions in compact accelerator of electrons MT-25, Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, 252 (3): 280.
  • Sabel’nikov A.V., Maslov O.D., Molokanova L.G., Gustova M.V., Dmitriev S.N., 2006. Preparation of 99Mo and 99mTc by 100Mo (γ, n) photonuclear reaction on an electron accelerator, MT-25 microtron, Radiochemistry, 48 (2): 191-194.
  • Ishkhanov B.S., 2014. Photonuclear reactions on molybdenum isotopes, Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 77 (11): 1362-1370.
  • Dovbnya A.N., 2012. An increase of 99Mo yield under mixed γ, n-irradiation of target from natural molybdenum, Isotopes and Radiation Sources, 45 (26): 151-154.
  • Lindsky L.M., Lanza R., 1998. Method of producing molybdenum-99, Patent number: 5784423.
  • Belic D., Besserer J., Arlandini C., de Boer J., Carroll J. J., Enders J., Hartmann T., Kappeler F., Kaiser H., Kneissl U., Loewe M., Maser H., Mohr P., von Neumann-Cosel P., Nord A., Pitz H. H., Richter A., Schumann M., Volz S., Zilges A., 2001. The new photoactivation facility at the 4.3 MV Stuttgart Dynamitron: Setup, performance, and first applications, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 463 (1-2): 26-41.
  • Masumoto K., Segebade C., 2006. Photon activation analysis, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York.
  • Danon Y., Block R., Harvey J., 2010. Production of Mo-99 using 30 MeV electrons and a Mo-100 target, In: Transactions of the American Nuclear Society and Embedded Topical Meeting Isotopes for Medicine and Industry, Vol. 103, Las Vegas, pp. 1–1190.
  • Starovoitova V.N., Tchelidze L., Wells D.P., 2014. Production of medical radioisotopes with linear accelerators, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 85: 39-44.
  • Eke C., Boztosun I., Dapo H., Segebade C., Bayram E., 2016. Determination of gamma-ray energies and half lives of platinum radio-ısotopes by photon activation using a medical electron linear accelerator: A feasibility study, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 309: 79-83.
  • Mohr P., Brieger S., Witucki G., Maetz M., 2007. Photoactivation at a clinical LINAC: The 197Au(γ,n)196Au reaction slightly above threshold, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 580 (3): 1201-1208.
  • Boztosun I., Dapo H., Özmen S.F., Çeçen Y., Karakoç M., Çoban A., Cesur A., Caner T., Bayram E., Keller G. B., Küçük B., Güvendi A., Derman M., Kaya D., 2014. The results of the first photonuclear reaction performed in Turkey: The zinc example, Turkish Journal of Phsics, 38: 1-9.
  • Boztosun I., Dapo H., Karakoç M., Özmen S.F., Çeçen Y., Çoban A., Caner T., Bayram E., Saito T. R., Akdoğan T., Bozkurt V., Kuçuk Y., Kaya D., Narakeh M. N., 2015. Photonuclear reactions with zinc: A case for clinical linacs, The European Physical Journal Plus, 130: 185
  • Dulger F., Akkoyun S., Bayram T., Dapo H., Boztosun I., 2015. Energy levels and half-lives of gallium isotopes obtained by photo-nuclear reaction,Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 590: 012051.
  • Aygun M., Cesur A., Dogru M., Boztosun I., Dapo H., Kanarya M., Kuluozturk M. F., Bal S. S., Karatepe S., 2016. Using a clinical linac to determine the energy levels of 92mNb via the photonuclear reaction, Applied Radiation and Isotopes,115: 97–99.
  • Anbar A.D., Knab K.A., Barling J., 2001. Precise determination of mass-dependent variations in the isotopic composition of molybdenum using MC-ICPMS, Analytical Chemistry, 73(7): 1425-1431.
  • Elekta, Elekta Digital Accelerator, 2003. General Introduction Page. https://www. elekta.com/services/education-and-training.html Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2014.
  • Ortec, 2010. Manual. http://www.ortec-online.com/Service-Support/Library/Manuals.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2014).
  • Maestro-32, 2012. Guide. http://www.ortec-online.com/download/A65-B32-MAESTRO-32-Emulation-Software.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2014).
  • Radford DC, 2000. Notes On The Use Of The Gf3.http://radware.phy.ornl.gov/gf3/gf3.html (Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2014).
  • Brun R., Rademakers F., 1997. ROOT-An object oriented data analysis framework,Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 389 (1): 81-86.
  • Seiler J.A., 1947. Early drama, art, and music monograph series, Vol. 17 Report ANL-4000, Argonne National Laboratory, p. 119.
  • Chechev V.P., Egorov A.G., 2000. Search for an optimum approach to the evaluation of data of varying consistency: half-live evaluations for 3H, 35S, 55Fe, 99Mo and 111In, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 52(3): 601-608.
  • Wright H.W., Wyatt E.I., Reynolds S.A., Lyon W.S., Handley, T.H., 1957. Half-lives of radionuclides-I, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2 (4): 427-430.
  • Gunn S.R., Hicks H.G., Levy H.B., Stevenson P.C., 1957. Calorimetric determination of the average total kinetic energy of fragments from fission of U235, Physical Review, 107(6): 1642.
  • Protopopov A.N., Tolmachev G.M., Ushatskii V.N., Venediktova R.V., Krisiuk I.S., Rodionova L. P., Iakovleva G.V., 1958. Distribution of fragments by mass in fission of U235. U238 and Pu239 by neutrons of 14.6 MeV energy, The Soviet Journal of Atomic Energy, 5(2): 963-968.
  • Newman R.D., 1961. Half-lives of I-132, Mg-28, Tc-99m, Mo-99 and Al-28, In: Private Communication, Pennsylvania.
  • Martin M.J., Blichert-Toft P.H., 1970. Radioactive atoms: Auger-electron, α-, β, γ-, and X-ray data, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables,8(1): 1-198.
  • Crowther P., Eldridge J.S., 1965. Decay of 99Mo - 99mTc, Nuclear Physics,66(2): 472-480.
  • Baldwin M.N., 1967. Molybdenum-99 half-life determination, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 30 (1): 144.
  • Reynolds S.A., Emery J.F., Wyatt E.I., 1968. Half-lives of radionuclides-III, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 32 (1): 46-48.
  • Baba S., Baba H., Natsume H., 1971. Half-lives of some fission product nuclides, Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 33 (2): 589-595.
  • Emery J.F., Reynolds S.A., Wyatt E.I., Gleason G.I., 1972. Half-lives of radionuclides-IV, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 48 (3): 319-323.
  • Dickens J.K., 1979. Half life of132Te, Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, 39 (2): 107-119.
  • Houtermans H., Milosevic O., Reichel F., 1980. Half-lives of 35 radionuclides, The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 31(3): 153-154.
  • Hoppes D.D., Hutchinson J.M.R., Schima F. J., Unterweger M.P., 1982. Nuclear data for X-or gamma-ray spectrometer efficiency calibrations, In: NBS Special Publication, 626: 85.
  • Walz K.F., Debertin K., Schrader H., 1983. Half-life measurements at the PTB,The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes,34 (8): 1191-1199.
  • Gray P.W., Mac Mahon T.D., Rajput M.U., 1990. Objective data evaluation procedures, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 286 (3): 569-575.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mehmet Ertan Kürkçüoğlu

Tuğba Göker This is me

Publication Date December 2, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE M. E. Kürkçüoğlu and T. Göker, “Klinik Lineer Hızlandırıcı Kullanılarak99Mo Radyoizotopunun Yarı-Ömür Tayini”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 94–101, 2016.