Yerli ve Yabancı Orijinli Civanperçemi (Achillea millefolium L.) Genotiplerinin Kültür Koşulları Ortamında Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

This study was conducted in 2023 to evaluate the yield and quality characteristics of 3 local and 60 foreign Achillea millefolium L. genotypes under the ecological conditions of Isparta. The results revealed considerable variation among the genotypes. Flowering duration ranged from 10 to 41 days, plant height from 21.8 to 72.0 cm, flower head diameter from 4.3 to 15.5 cm, and the number of florets per capitulum from 26.0 to 419.0. Fresh flower yield exhibited substantial variation, ranging from 246.9 to 2829.7 kg/da, while dry flower yield ranged between 82.6 and 1017.7 kg/da. Among all genotypes, PI 439888, PI 661151 and PI 439892 were identified as having the highest yield potential. Essential oil content varied between 0.05-0.50%. In 10 genotypes and local genotypes selected according to fresh herb and oil yield, essential oil content and color, 1,8-cineole (3.1–22.4%), borneol (2.5–18.3%), camphene (1.8–12.7%), α-pinene (4.2–28.9%), β-pinene (3.7–19.5%), sabinene (1.2–9.8%), myrcene (0.9–7.4%), β-caryophyllene (2.1–10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.5–8.3%) were determined as the main components. Overall, the findings demonstrate that A. millefolium genotypes can be successfully cultivated under field conditions and that materials collected from natural populations possess strong potential for sustainable and economically viable production. This study provides a scientific foundation for the industrial utilization, quality standardization, future adaptation studies, and breeding programs of yarrow.

Keywords

• Civanperçemi
• Achillea millefolium
• Genotip
• Verim
• Kalite
• Kamazulen

Investigation of Yield and Quality Characteristics of Local and Foreign Origin Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Genotypes in Culture Conditions

Abstract

Bu araştırma, 3 adet yerli ve 60 adet yabancı orijinli Achillea millefolium L. genotiplerinin Isparta ekolojik koşullarında verim ve kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla 2023 yılında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada çiçeklenme süresi 10–41 gün, bitki boyu 21.8–72.0 cm, çiçek çapı 4.3–15.5 cm ve çiçekçik sayısı 26.0–419.0 adet/kapitulum arasındadır. Taze çiçek verimi 246.9–2829.7 kg/da, kuru çiçek verimi ise 82.6–1017.7 kg/da aralığında ölçülmüş ve PI 439888, PI 661151 ve PI 439892 genotipleri yüksek verim potansiyeliyle dikkat çekmiştir. Uçucu yağ oranları %0.05-0.50 arasında değişmiştir. Taze herba ve uçucu yağ verimi ile uçucu yağ oranı ve rengine göre seçilen 10 genotip ve yerli genotiplerde; 1,8-sineol (%3.1–22.4), borneol (%2.5–18.3), kamfen (%1.8–12.7), α-pinen (%4.2–28.9), β-pinen (%3.7–19.5), sabinen (%1.2–9.8), mirsen (%0.9–7.4), β-karyofilen (%2.1–10.6) ve karyofilen oksit (%1.5–8.3) ana bileşenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, A. millefolium genotiplerinin kültür koşullarında başarıyla yetiştirilebildiğini ve doğal popülasyonlardan kültüre alınan materyalin sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik bir üretim potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, civanperçeminin endüstriyel kullanımı, kalite standardizasyonu ve gelecekte yürütülecek adaptasyon ve ıslah çalışmalarına bilimsel temel oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

• Yarrow
• Achillea millefolium
• Genotype
• Yield
• Quality
• Chamazulene

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