Indentation and Observation of Anisotropic Soft Tissues Using an Indenter Device

Abstract

Soft tissues of human body have complex structures and different mechanical behaviors than those of traditional engineering materials. There is a great urge to understand tissue behavior of human body. Experimental data is needed for improvement of soft tissue modeling and advancement in implants and prosthesis, as well as diagnosis of diseases. Mechanical behavior and responses change when tissue loses its liveliness and viability. One of the techniques for soft tissue testing is indentation, which is applied on live tissue in its physiological environment. Indentation affords several advantages over other types of tests such as uniaxial tension, biaxial tension, and simple shear and suction, thus it is of interest to develop new indentation techniques from which more valid data can be extracted. In this study a new indenter device was designed and constructed. Displacement and force rate cyclic loading, and relaxation experiments were conducted on human arm. The in-vivo force rate controlled cyclic loading test method which is novel is compared with the traditional displacement controlled cyclic loading tests. Anisotropic behavior of tissue cannot be determined by axisymmetric tips, therefore ellipsoid tips were used for examining anisotropy and inplane material direction of bulk soft tissues

Keywords

• Indentation
• Soft Tissue Modeling
• Anisotropic Tissue

Eşyönsüz Yumuşak Dokuların İndentör Cihazı Kullanılarak İndentasyonu ve Gözlemi

Abstract

İnsan bedeninde iskelet dışındaki neredeyse tüm dokular yumuşak dokulardır. Yumuşak dokuların mekanik davranışı çoğu mühendislik malzemesinden farklı ve daha karmaşıktır. Yumuşak doku mekanik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve malzeme modeli oluşturulması implantlar, protez ve ortezler ve hatta tanı koyma açısından önemlidir. Öte yandan yumuşak dokuların canlılığını kaybetmesi ile mekanik özelliklerinde farkedilir değişiklikler meydana gelir. Yumuşak doku mekanik özelliklerini belirlemek için kullanılan deneysel yöntemlerden birisi de indentasyondur. İndentasyonun tek veya iki eksenli çekme, kayma, emme gibi yöntemlere göre belirli avantajları olduğu bilindiğinden daha iyi veri almak üzere yeni indentasyon deneyleri geliştirlmesine gerek duyulmuştur. Bu çalışma kapsamında yeni bir indentör cihazı tasarlanıp üretilmiş, devirli yükleme, gevşeme ve sünme deneyleri yapılarak deneysel veriler incelenmiştir. İndentör cihazının göncellenen yapısı nedeniyle toplanan veri daha temizdir. Mullin (alışma) etkisi, viskoelastisite, eşyönsüzlük gibi özellikler gözlenebilmektedir. Sünme ve kuvvet denetimli yükleme deneyleri bu sistem aracılığıyla yapılabilmektedir. Dokuların eşyönsüz özelikleri olduğu bilindiğinden eksenel simetrik olmayan uçlarla düzlemsel eşyönsüzlük hakkında bilgi edinilmektedir. Ayrıca kuvvet denetimli deneyler ile yer değiştirme denetimli deney sonuçları incelenmiştir. 

Keywords

• İndentasyon
• Yumuşak Doku Malzeme
• Eşyönsüz Doku

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